H 
nam 



3553 



CMg»<q 






USEFUL INFORMATION 

FOR 

COTTON MANUFACTURERS, 



Compiled and Issued 
by 



Stuart W* Cramer, 

Mill Architect and Engineer. 

Contractor for 

Cotton Mill Machinery 
and Equipment. 



MAIN OFFICE : BRANCH OFFICE 

Trust Building, Equitable Building, 

Charlotte, N. C. Atlanta, Ga. 



SECOND EDITION. 

(Complete in Three Volumes.) 



VOLUME I. 



\ 904. 

[All rights reserved.) 



TSJ#Z5 









LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

NOV 10 19U4 

- CQuyrifiu trury 

<ews/ & w* no» 

?<* * 77 
COPY B. 



Copyright, 1904, 

by 

STUART W. CRAMER. 



L 



} ftOl 






SET NO. 1 



Limited Edition. 



(Not for Sale.) 



Queen City Printing and Paper Co. 

PRINTERS, 

Charlotte, N. C. 



ANNOUNCEMENT. 




The above cut illustrates the Trust Building just com- 
pleted at Charlotte, N. C, in which our offices are located 
on the first floor. 

Our new draughting rooms on the top floor of this build- 
ing afford us ample room, light, and other facilities for the 
proper carrying on of this department of our business, the 
extent and importance of which will be realized when we 
call attention to the fact that we have made plans and speci- 
fications for over one hundred Southern cotton mills and 
have installed in them complete outfits of machinery and 
equipment, not to mention the additional detailed draught- 
ing that has been required in connection with the machinery 
and equipment that we have furnished to practically as many 
more mills designed by other engineers or by the mill officers 
themselves 

We also call attention to our Branch Office in the Equit= 
able Building, Atlanta, Georgia. 

Our customers and friends are cordially tendered the use 
of our offices as headquarters when in either Charlotte or 
Atlanta. 

STUART W. CRAMER, 

Agent for 
The Whitin Machine Works, 
Woonsocket Machine and Press Company, 
Kitson Machine Company. 
Etc., Etc. 



Preface to the Second Edition. 

The first edition of this Handbook was issued in 1898 ; the 
demand for it was such that the edition was very soon ex- 
hausted. It was realized almost before the books left the 
hands of the printer that a mistake had been made in con- 
densing the subject matter to within such narrow limits, 
notwithstanding the fact that it was a convenience to have a 
book small enough to carry in the pocket. 

This second edition, therefore, has not only been revised 
and rewritten, but also greatly enlarged. In order that it 
may still retain its character as a handbook, it is bound in 
three volumes. The division of the subject matter is indica- 
ted by the "Summary of Contents" on page viii. No 
attempt has been made to keep even the separate volumes 
within pocket book size ; it is rather intended for the desk 
use of cotton manufacturers, with special regard to those 
using the makes of machinery that I sell. This book being 
published exclusively for the Southern trade, I have in- 
cluded nothing pertaining to mule spinning other than a 
production table, as there is so little mule spinning in the 
South it hardly warrants the space that would be required 
to exploit it in the same comprehensive manner that has 
been devoted to ring spinning. 

As the cotton mills of the South go more largely on to 
fancy goods, it has seemed more desirable to issue supple- 
ments keeping abreast of what the trade demands than to 
attempt to do more than treat that part of the subject in a 
general sort of way, at the present time. 

It may be briefly said, therefore, that these volumes cover 
only the machinery and equipment required for a modern 
cotton mill manufacturing either yarn or plain cloth, with a 
chapter on dyeing and special finishing, winding up with 
miscellaneous matter pertaining to cotton and its manufac- 
ture, mill engineering, etc. 

As to originality in this work, it is advanced as the latest 
and most complete compendium of technical data compiled 
from the best authorities available, with such new matter, 
alterations, and modifications as our own large experience 
suggests, derived from furnishing the machinery and greater 
part of the equipment for mills in the South aggregating 
over one and a half million spindles, — not to mention miscel- 
laneous orders for half as much more furnished direct by the 
shops I represent before my connection with them. 

For the convenience of tracing a complete equipment 
straight through the mill, the subject matter is arranged 
consecutively and corresponding thereto, commencing with 
the picker room. At the end of each volume will be found 
a "Table of Contents." In the back of Volume III. an 
alphabetical index will also be found for ready reference. 



As a matter of course, I have drawn liberally from the cat- 
alogues of — 

The Whitin Machine Works, 

Kitson Machine Company, and 

Woonsocket Machine and Press Company, 
and from those of the other shops for which I am the sell- 
ing agent. 

I have also freely availed myself of the Draper Company's 
permission to borrow from their " Textile Texts " such 
tables and other information as it has seemed desirable to 
have appear in this work ; their courtesy will doubtless be 
appreciated as much by the users of this hand-book as by 
myself. 

Finally, I desire to acknowledge the many courtesies ex- 
tended to me directly and indirectly in this work by my pro- 
fessional friends ; among whom I would particularly mention 
Messrs. C. R. Makepeace, J. A. Brock, J. W. Cannon, W. F. 
Cox, L. D. Duval, Wm. Entwistle, F. H. Fries, T. B. Fuller, 
John Gilligan, George A. Gray, J. H. Hamilton, C. W. 
Johnston, G. T. Kinnett, R. E. Ligon, Z. T. McKinney, R. M. 
Miller, Jr., T. E. Moore, J. D. Moore, Jas. L. Orr, S. Oden- 
heimer, J. S. Pleasants, A. B. Saunders, J. E. Shea, Ellison 
A. Smyth, F. I. Stone, S. B. Tanner, A. H. Twichell, J. O. 
White. W. H. Williamson, and B. E. Willingham. 

STUART W. CRAMER. 

March 31, 1904. 



^SUMMARY OF CONTENTS. 



Volume I. 
Section I.: 

The Textile Machinery ordinarily installed in a yarn or 
cloth mill on plain work. 

Appendix. 

Volume II. 
Section II.: 

Sundry and Miscellaneous Equipment and Power Plants. 
Appendix. 

Volume III. 
Section III.: 

Dyeing and Special Finishing Machinery. 

Section IV.: 

Cotton and Its Manufacture, Mill Architecture and Engi- 
neering, with General Technical and Miscellaneous Informa- 
tion. 

Index: 

An Alphabetical Index for all three volumes. 
* A Table of Contents will be found at the end of each volume. 



SECTION I. 

The Textile Machinery Ordinarily Installed in 
a Yarn or Cloth Mill on Plain Work, 



LATEST IMPROVED PICKING 
MACHINERY, 

Manufactured fay 

Kitson Machine Company. 




One Beater Finisher Lapper. 

The '* Three Process " System of Picking introduced 
and advocated by this Company has now been almost univer- 
sally adopted — a modern, up-to-date plant consisting of one 
or more "sets" of machines, each comprising a single 
beater breaker with opener and feeder connected thereto by 
suitably designed trunks, or a breaker with feeder attached 
direct ; a single beater intermediate lapper with apron for 
four laps up, and a single beater finisher lapper with apron 
for four laps up. Such a system gives 16 doublings, and 
beats the cotton only three times, instead of only 4 doublings 
and beating it four times, as in the old style system of " Two 
Processes," consisting of only two machines, each a two 
beater. Lappers are made in 36, 40 and 45-inch widths. 



The Kitson Machine Company's Blowing System for 
conveying raw cotton from an opening room in the ware- 
house to the picker room in the mill, is fully described 
in Section IV., Volume III., under the heading " Mill En- 
gineering." 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery f Continued. 




O. 7 Opener with Automatic Feeder. , 

FEEDERS, OPENERS AND TRUNKS. 

Automatic Feeders. — These machines are constructed en- 
tirely from new models and furnished complete with all nec- 
essary connections, to be attached to any make of opener or 
lapper. 

Cotton Openers. — The O. 7 machine has almost entirely 
displaced that of other patterns ; it has a three-blade beater 
20 in. in diameter with ample grid surface for large cleaning 
capacity. It has 2>£-inch feed rolls— short apron and rails to 
receive feeder, and direct connections for driving same, with 
automatic device for starting and stopping the feed of both, 
controlled by knock-off on the lapper. The evener, when 
applied to this machine in connection with the automatic 
feeder, automatically controls the amount of cotton being 
delivered, regardless of whether the hopper is full, half fuii 
or nearly empty. 

The amount of cotton passing through the evener rolls 
regulates the speed of the lifting apron in the feeder, and 
as the quantity of cotton in the hopper grows less the lifting 
apron and also feed rolls on opener are correspondingly in- 
creased in speed, so that the quantity delivered to the beater 
is always the same. We have several patents covering this 
arrangement, and any device wherein the speed of lifting 
apron is automatically varied would be an infringement 
thereof. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



Cylinder Openers. — Previous to the introduction of the 
Automatic Feeder, opening machinery was required to handle 
cotton in a hard, matted condition, directly from the com- 
pressed bale. The cylinder opener was designed particu- 
larly to meet these conditions and is now furnished when 
called for. 

Although modern conditions are fully met by the new O. 7 
opener, we are prepared to build this type of machine with 
either 10" or 31" Buckley style cylinders as a substitute for 
the 3 blade 20" beater if desired. 

The Perham Patent Inclined Cleaning Trunk.— All cot- 
ton contains more or less light dirt and leaf which cannot 
be entirely removed by the lappers, as the fan draught essen- 
tial to the formation of a good sheet on the screens carries 
much of the lighter refuse along with the cotton. By pass- 
ing the cotton over a fine grid surface, at a slow velocity, all 
foreign matter that is heavier than the cotton will gradually 
settle, and trunk systems afford efficient means for the col- 
lection and removal of this light refuse. 

The most compact and efficient of these arrangements is 
illustrated on the next page. 

The cotton slowly passing over the transverse slats or grids 
a, the foreign matter falls between them and is collected in 
the pockets b. This separation is further increased by the 
inclined position of the grid surface, as it will be noted that 
each slat or grid is a little higher than the preceding one, 
so that it presents a narrow surface against which the dirt 
impinges and is retarded, causing it to fall between the grids 
to the pockets. 

A bottom for all the pockets is formed by a cover c, which 
extends the whole length of the trunk, and is shown closed 
in Fig. 1. 

The trunk can be instantly cleaned by bringing the lever 
d to position shown in Fig. 2, which removes the cover c 
from all the pockets and the dirt slides down the incline to a 
box placed at the bottom to receive it, or, as is frequently 
the case, directly to dust room, through a connection we 
make for that purpose. 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery t Continued. 




13 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



The Robinson Patent Cleaning Trunk.— A style of trunk 
which has superseded the common horizontal trunk is shown 
in Figs, i and 2 on the next page. Its chief point of superi- 
ority is due to ready means afforded for disposing of the 
refuse which collects in the pockets. As the cotton slowly 
passes over the grid surface a, the dirt settles into the 
pockets b, the bottoms of which, it will be observed, are 
hinged at d. To the hinge of each is fastened a handle e, 
which is held in its proper closed position by the spring f. 
Below the pockets is a passage g connected to a fan h, and 
having at each end a door i and j, so that any one of a set of 
from 1 to 6 trunks may be connected at will with the fan 
which is arranged to clean out the whole number. 

Considering the illustration to represent one of a set of 
trunks, its operation is as follows : having started the fan, 
both doors i and j are opened as shown in Fig. 2, producing 
a current of air through the passage g. Pressing the spring 
f releases the bottom c of the pockets, which swings to open 
position shown in Fig. 2, allowing refuse to fall, and it is 
carried along by the air current through the pipe I to the 
fan, and discharged through the pipe k to dust room below. 

Patent Sprinkler. — Nearly all fires in picker rooms are 
caused by foreign bodies carried along by the cotton, and 
usually start at the opener where hard substances first come 
in contact with the beater. When desired we can place on 
top of the cleaning trunk at suitable intervals, convex domes 
holding sprinkler heads, so that a very slight fire will cause 
the sprinklers to open and extinguish it in time to prevent 
any damage whatever. 

Such sprinkler connections are shown on the sections of 
cleaning trunks, pages 13 and 15 ; they are designated by the 
letter s. 



14 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 




15 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 




ONE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. 

(With Condenser and Gauge Box Feed.) 

Where the opening room is a considerable distance from 
the room in which the lappers are located it is customary to 
connect the openers with the Breaker Lappers by means of 
some form of trunk, and provide a suitable device to auto- 
matically stop the feed on the opener when doffing the laps, 
or otherwise stopping the Breaker Lapper. It is evident 
that there is a considerable quantity of cotton in transit 
between the opener and the lapper, which if not cared for, 
will produce an extra thick place in the next lap made and a 
correspondingly thin place following this, while the cotton 
is coming through the trunk to the lapper. 

Any irregularity in the feed at the opener or variation due 
to the long distance traversed by the cotton, as well as the 
objections referred to above, are overcome by the arrange- 
ment here shown. 

The condenser receives the cotton subject to the varying 
conditions and delivers it into the Gauge Box, which in 
effect amounts to a doubling or averaging of these variations, 
and from the gauge box it feeds in a uniform manner to the 
beater, producing a lap that is practically of the same weight, 
from which is eliminated the objections due to these varying 
causes. This arrangement is used in many cases where the 
Breaker Lappers are situated from ioo to 300 feet from the 
openers, and one to three stories above them. This machine 
is also built with two beater sections when supplying several 
intermediates, or when the intermediate process is cut out. . 



16 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 




ONE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. 

("With Screen Section.) 

Where the connection from the Opener to the Breaker 
Lapper is short, as is quite often the case, where the Perham 
Inclined Trunk or a plain conductor is used, with the opener 
directly under the iapper, the objections referred to on the 
preceding page are very much lessened and may be disre- 
garded, the only objection remaining being the thick and 
thin places caused by stopping the feed while doffing the 
laps, and this is very much reduced, owing to the small 
amount of cotton in transit, and may be entirely obviated by 
removing the dog on the knockoff mechanism and doffing 
the laps without stopping the feed. 

Under such circumstances the Breaker Tapper with Screen 
Section here shown, gives very satisfactory results and makes 
a very neat connection to the openers. The screens in this 
section run at the same speed and form a sheet for beater 
exactly the same as in the first section of a two beater lapper. 

They are built with either one or two beater sections as 
may be desired. 



17 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Kitson Picking Machinery , Continued. 




ONE BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. 

(With Automatic Feeder and Evener*) 

In the treatment of long staple cottons many manufac- 
turers reduce the number of beaters in a system to the 
lowest possible limit, apparently considering the beating 
process of the lappers a necessary evil that must be endured 
to put the cotton into the form of a lap, disregarding proper 
cleaning and picking. 

Their specification usually calls for a one beater breaker to 
be followed by a one beater finisher — only two beaters in the 
system. 

This lapper meets their requirements, having 2^-inch 
feed rolls, three-blade beater 20 inches diameter. The beater 
boxes are made adjustable for varying lengths of cotton, and 
the cut-off is also adjustable so as to be brought into proper 
position whenever the beater is moved to or from the feed 
rolls. 

The cut also shows our application of an Evener to 
regulate the delivery from the feeder to beater. Here it is 
doubly important, as it insures a uniform quantity being 
constantly fed to the beater, producing uniform picking as 
well as giving very even breaker laps for the finisher, which 
is quite essential where the intermediate process is dis- 
pensed with. 

The construction and operation of the evener is substan- 
tially the same as described on a preceding page, in its 
application to our O. 7 Opener. 



18 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, 




TWO BEATER BREAKER LAPPER. 

(With Automatic Feeder.) 

When the cotton is opened on the same floor on which the 
lappers are located, and no trunk is to be used, a straight 
Two Beater Breaker Lapper like cut makes a very compact 
combination, uniting as shown, the Feeder, Opener and 
Breaker Lapper in one machine. 

The first section is substantially the same as our O. 7 
Opener previously described having ly^-xwch. fluted steel 
feed rolls delivering the cotton to a three-blade 20-inch 
diameter beater. 

The second or calender section has 2^-inch fluted steel 
feed rolls and a two-blade 16-inch diameter beater. 

Where the nature of the work does not require the use of 
trunk this makes a most satisfactory machine for the first 
process. We occasionally build this with an additional 
section, making a three beater breaker lapper, where floor 
space is limited and a large production must be had. 



19 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, 




ONE BEATER FINISHER LAPPER. 

(Also Intermediate Lapper.) 

With the introduction of the revolving flat card and the 
general adoption of single carding came a demand for better 
picking and laps more uniform, both in weight and texture. 
This led to the three process system, using single beater 
Intermediate and Finisher tappers as here illustrated. 

This lapper is used both as an Intermediate and a Finisher. 
As an Intermediate, the beater is of the common two blade 
type, having drop forged arms turned and polished ; the 
blade is made from extra hard quality of steel, and the 
shaft is of steel, running in heavy self-oiling bearings. 

As a Finisher, nearly all our customers prefer the 
Kirschner Carding Beater as shown on a subsequent page. 

For long staple cottons the cut-off and beater boxes are 
made adjustable. 

It has four roll consolidated calender head, heavily 
weighted, the rolls being provided with flanges to produce 
a smooth, even selvage. A safety knock-off is provided, 
which prevents breakage in case any hard substance enters 
the roll. The rails are made to double four laps and the 
countershaft is furnished complete attached to the frame as 
shown. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, 



To no part of a lapper has so much time and thought been 
devoted as to the evener. Demanding, as it does, an extreme 

sensitiveness to very slight 
variations in the stock pass- 
ing through, it must respond 
quickly, positively and ac- 
curately to perform the func- 
tions for which it is de- 
signed. Add to this, that 
it must be simple in con- 
struction, durable and not 
liable to get out of order. 
All these requirements are 
fully met in the Perham & 
Davis Sectional Plate Evener, 
herewith illustrated. 

Recognizing the fact that 
no evener can be sufficiently 
sensitive in which the same 
roll is used both to even and 
pick from, we employ a sepa- 
rate roll in connection with 
the sectional plates to even 
from and a pair of rolls heav- 
ily weighted to pick from. 
The rolls are geared to give 
a high belt speed on the cones, and this speed is maintained 
constant for all positions of the belt, as a novel form of 
cone frame enables us to use a drum instead of a cone as a 
driver. The belt is shipped at 
one point only and moves posi- 
tively and quickly to change 
the speed of the rolls to cor- 
respond with the variations 
detected and equalized by the 
sectional plates. Provision is 
made for taking up the slack 
as the belt stretches from use. 
The evener is geared direct 
from the calender head, where 
the draught gear may be 
changed to produce a different 
weight of lap when desired. A 
fine adjustment is also provided 
by which a slight change can 
be instantly made as the condition of the stock may require. 





21 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 




The Kirschner Patent Carding Beater. — There has long 
been a demand for some form of beater for finisher lap- 
pers the action of which on the cotton should approach 
the carding rather than the beating process, to which it is 
subjected with the usual form of blade beaters. 

The evener has long since reached a state of perfection 
where little is to be desired as far as evenness is concerned,, 
when the weight is taken either as a full lap or by the yard, 
but when compared inch by inch there remains a very con- 
siderable variation as is evident when the lap is held up 
before a window and unrolled. 

This is in no way the fault of the evener, as the formation 
of a smooth even sheet on the screens is dependent on a finer 
sub-division of the staple than it is possible to attain with 
the ordinary knife beater in its best condition, doing the 
amount of work usually demanded by a lapper. 

It will be observed that in the construction of the carding 
beater three lags are used and that each row of pins is 
farther from the centre than those immediately preceding it. 

The united carding 
and beating action 
together with the 
progressive pene- 
tration combine to 
produce a very fine 
sub-division of the 
fibre, while the pe- 
culiar form of each 
blade or bar very 
materially aids in the formation of a uniform sheet on the 
screens. It entirely overcomes all objections heretofore ex- 
isting in other forms of pin beaters. Its ready acceptance 
by leading manufacturers adds to our own unqualified rec- 
ommendation of its use for all classes of work, as, without 
solicitation on our part, the orders for this beater have 
come in faster than we have been able to fill them for the 
past few years. 

Caution. — Some of our competitors are offering an imita- 
tion of this beater, which can only be detected by noticing 
that the pins are all the same length and project equally 




Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



^Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, 



from the lagging, instead of variably. They do not get the 
progressive penetration, which is the real point covered by 
our patents, and the only point of merit in the device. With- 
out this progressive penetration, the scheme is harmful to 
the fibre of the cotton, and should not be considered for a 
moment. 




COMBINATION BREAKER AND 
FINISHER LAPPER. 

We occasionally have a call from parties starting small 
mills, or requiring for some special purpose a smaller pro- 
duction than the average capacity of a One Beater Breaker 
and a One Beater Finisher. 

In such cases we can save them the expense of two ma- 
chines by attaching the Feeder directly to the Finisher Lap- 
per as here shown. 

The raw cotton can be put into the Feeder and the machine 
run as a Breaker, say during the forenoon, and the laps thus 
made can be put back on the apron and the machine run as 
a Finisher in the afternoon. 

The evener here used is the Clarke & Perhatn Patent Sec- 
tional Roll Evener, as raw cotton will not successfully feed 
through a sectional plate evener. 

This machine is built either One or Two Beaters as may be 
desired. 



23 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 



WASTE MACHINES, 

No. 1 Roving Waste Opener.— All mills make more or 
less roving waste which must be reduced to fibre again. 
This machine is designed for mills where the quantity is 
small. The feed consists of a single steel roll, fluted and 
cross cut, having sectional feed plates under it, each of which 
is held firmly to the roll by a very stiff spring. The beater 
or cylinder has tempered steel pins set in our patent 3-ply 
lagging, backed up by a steel drum, mounted on a steel shaft, 
running in self-oiling boxes. The stock is received from the 
beater by a condensing drum and delivered by the apron in 
a light, well-opened sheet, properly prepared to be mixed 
with the regular work. 

No. 3 Roving Waste Opener. — This machine is uniform 
in design with our lappers, and is a very heavy and substan- 
tial machine. It is for use in mills making a large quantity 
of roving waste. The roving waste is spread on an apron 24 
inches wide, which delivers it to a pair of 2-inch feed rolls, 
both top and bottom rolls being positively driven by large 
gears and forced together by powerful springs. The cylin- 
ders are 31 inches in diameter, having tempered steel pins 
set in patent 3-ply lagging, properly backed up. The shafts 
are steel and run in self-oiling boxes. 

Cop Waste Breaking Up riachine. — Under this class of 
machinery is built a machine similar to the No. 3 Roving 
Waste Opener, except that it is five sections long, having five 
cylinders, graded from coarse to fine for the purpose of 
breaking up and reducing to lint cop waste and hard spun 
yarns which cannot be worked on the No. 3 machine. It 
will reduce to lint in a most thorough manner about all the 
hard waste in a cotton mill, even to rag clippings so that the 
same can be put back into the mixing and be re-worked. 



24 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



Card and Picker Waste Cleaner. — In every mill there will 
accumulate a considerable quantity of waste from the card 
room, as dirty floor sweepings, droppings under cards, and 
from the picker house a large amount of refuse from the 
trunk system and beaters of openers and lappers which is of 
little value, but which if properly cleaned will repay all the 
expense of cleaning. Such waste will yield from 40 per cent, 
to 60 per cent, of clean fibre. The waste is placed in a hop- 
per on top of the machine, being fed by hand through a 
narrow slot to the beaters, which extend the whole length. 
The beaters carry the stock over steel grids through 
which the dirt passes to large chambers formed by 
the lower parts of the machine. The stock is drawn to a 
condensing screen by a fan, and is delivered in a continuous 
sheet thoroughly opened and cleaned. This machine is 
sometimes equipped with a 24-inch automatic feeder attached , 
driven from the same countershaft, which greatly increases 
the capacity of the machine and the quality of the work ; 
provision is made for taking out a large quantity of sand 
and heavier dirt before the stock goes to the beaters, and 
the uniform feed ensures the product being uniformly 
cleaned and delivered. 

Thread Extractor. — From the scavenger rolls of mules 
and spinning frames comes a considerable quantity of valua- 
ble waste, containing hard twisted threads. To pick them 
out by hand is expensive and to put them through the card 
without removing the threads is ruinous to the clothing. 
This machine will extract the threads in a cheap and thor- 
ough manner. The condenser, bonnet, and base of the ma- 
chine are each made in a single casting, and the beaters are 
also each a single solid steel casting running in self-oiling 
bearers. 



25 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 



Draught Gear Table for Lappers. 









Ounces per 


VTard on Aprons, Doublin 


j Four 


Laps. 






6 


6^ 


7 


7% 


8 


sy 2 


9 


9% 


10 


ioJ4 


u 

13 


6 


29 


27 


25 


23 


22 


20 


19 


18 






6^ 


31 


29 


27 


25 


23 


22 


21 


20 


19 


18 


nl 


7 


34 


31 


29. 


27 


25 


24 


22 


21 


20 


19 


U 


7^ 


3& 


33 


31 


29 


27 


26 


24 


23 


22 


21 




8 


39 


3b 


33 


3i 


29 


27 


26 


24 


23 


22 




8^ 


4i 


3» 


35 


33 


31 


29 


27 


26 


25 


23 


CO 


9 , 


43 


40 


37 


35 


33 


31 


29 


27 


26 


25 


hJ 


9^ 


4 6 


42 


39 


37 


34 


32 


30 


29 


28 


26 


M-< 


10 


48 


45 


4i 


39 


36 


34 


32 


30 


29 


28 


T3 


10^ 


51 


47 


43 


4i 


38 


36 


34 


32 


30 


29 


II 


53 


49 


45 


42 


40 


38 


35 


34 


32 


30 


> 


11% 


55 


5i 


48 


44 


42 


39 


37 


35 


33 


32 


12 


5« 


54 


50 


40 


43 


41 


39 


37 


35 


33 


to 


I2& 


6o 


56 


51 


48 


45 


43 


40 


38 


36 


34 




13 , 


&3 


58 


54 


50 


47 


44 


42 


40 


38 


3b 


<U 


13% 


65 


60 


50 


52 


49 


46 


43 


4i 


39 


37 


CJ 

c 

3 


14 


68 


62 


5» 


54 


5i 


48 


45 


43 


41 


39 


I4H 


70 


05 


60 


50 


52 


50 


47 


44 


42 


40 


U 


*5 , 


72 


67 


62 


58 


54 


51 


48 


46 


43 


4i 




*5% 


75 


69 


64 


60 


56 


53 


50 


47 


45 


43 




16 


77 


71 


66 


62 


58 


55 


51 


49 


46 


44 




i6K 


80 


74 


68 


64 


60 


56 


53 


50 


48 


4b 




17 


82 


76 


70 


66 


62 


58 


55 


52 


49 


47 




i7Jfi 


85 


7« 


72 


68 


63 


60 


56 


53 


5i 


48 




18 


«7 


80 


74 


70 


65 


62 


58 


55 


52 


5° 



T=Teeth in draft gear = *° 
d=Draft of Intermediate or Finishes 



26 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, 



Draught Gear Table for Lappers. 

(Continued.) 









Ounces per 


Yard on Aprons, Doubling Four 


Laps. 






ii 


n% 


12 


12% 


13 


1356 


14 


H% 


15 


15% 


u 

V 

■a 

B 


6 

6J& 






















U 


?k 


iS 

20 


19 


18 
















+J 


8 


21 


20 


19 


18 
















8% 


22 


21 


20 


20 


19 


iS 












9 , 


24 


23 


22 


21 


20 


19 


19 


18 






J 


9H 


25 


24 


23 


22 


21 


20 


20 


19 


18 




•+-■ 


TO 


26 


25 


24 


23 


22 


21 


21 


20 


19 


19 




10^4 


28 


26 


25 


24 


23 


23 


22 


21 


20 


20 


•V 


II 


29 


28 


27 


25 


24 


24 


23 


22 


21 


21 


> 


11% 


30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


. 24 


23 


22 


22 


12 


32 


3° 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


24 


23 


22 


u 


I2J4 


33 


32 


3° 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


24 


23 


a 


13 


34 


33 


31 


30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


24 


tn 


I3« 


36 


34 


33 


31 


3° 


29 


28 


27 


26 


25 


u 


14 


37 


35 


34 


32 


31 


30 


29 


28 


27 


26 


c 


14^ 


38 


36 


35 


34 


32 


31 


3° 


29 


28 


27 




15 


39 


38 


36 


35 


33 


32 


31 


3° 


29 


28 




15^ 


41 


39 


37 


36 


35 


33 


32 


31 


30 


29 




16 


42 


40 


39 


37 


36 


34 


33 


32 


31 


30 




16^ 


43 


42 


40 


38 


37 


35 


34 


33 


32 


31 




17 , 


45 


! 43 


4i 


39 


38 


36 


35 


34 


33 


32 




i75£ 


4 6 


| 44 


42 


40 


39 


38 


36 


35 


34 


33 




18 


47 


4b 


43 


42 


40 


39 


37 


36 


35 


34 



T=Teeth in draft gear = — ^~ 
d=Draft of Intermediate or Finisher = 



27 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 



Draught Gear Table for Lappers. 

(Concluded.) 







Ounces per Yard on Aprons 


Doubling Four Laps. 




16 


16% 


17 


1756 


18 


18 J£ 


19 


1956 


20 


1-1 

0) 
T3 


6 




















a 


6^ 






















7 




















u 


7/2 




















^ 


8 




















rt 


8% 






















9 , 
956 




















S-< 


10 


18 


















O 


ioYz 


19 


18 


18 














■o 


II 


20 


19 


19 


18 


18 










ca 


1156 


21 


20 


20 


19 


19 


18 








> 


12 


22 


21 


20 


20 


19 


f9 


18 


18 




u 


12^ 


23 


22 


21 


21 


20 


20 


19 


18 


18 


o. 


13 / 


24 


23 


22 


22 


21 


20 


20 


19 


19 


to 


1356 


24 


2 4 


23 


22 


22 


21 


21 


20 


20 


o 


14 


25 


24 


24 


23 


23 


22 


21 


21 


20 


a 

o 


1456 


26 


25 


25 


24 


23 


23 


22 


22 


21 


15 


27 


26 


26 


25 


24 


24 


23 


22 


22 




1556 


28 


27 


26 


26 


25 


24 


24 


23 


22 




16 


29 


28 


27 


27 


26 


25 


24 


24 


23 




i6J^ 


30 


29 


28 


27 


27 


26 


25 


24 


24 




17 


3i 


30 


29 


28 


27 


27 


26 


25 


25 




1756 


32 


31 


3° 


29 


28 


27 


27 


26 


25 




18 


33 


32 


31 


30 


29 


28 


27 


27 


26 



T=Teeth in draft gear =^g— 
d=Draft of Intermediate or Finisher= 



28 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 



SIZES OF PULLEYS, SPEEDS AND PRODUC- 
TION OF PICKING MACHINERY. 

(See also Production Table on next page.) 

Lappers. — The countershaft on these Lappers is usually 
fitted with 18" x 5" tight and loose pulleys, and runs at 500 
revolutions per minute. 

Production of Openers and Breaker Lappers 3,000 to 4,000 
pounds, and of Finisher Lappers 1,500 to 2,000 pounds per 
day of ten hours. 

Roving Waste Opener. — Made in two sizes : No. 1 is 
fitted with countershaft having 8 // x 2," tight and loose pul- 
leys to run 750 revolutions per minute. No. 3 has counter- 
shaft with \W x 5 /x tight and loose pulleys to run at 500 rev- 
olutions per minute. 

Production of No. 1 is 500 to 600 pounds per day of ten 
hours ; and of No. 3 is 2,000 to 3,000 pounds per day of ten 
hours. 

Five Cylinder Cop Waste Breaking Up Machine.— Such 
a machine made with five sections is generally equipped with 
two countershafts, one on each end of the machine, each 
fitted with 20" x 5" tight and loose pulleys, running at 500 
revolutions per minute. 

The production of such a machine is about 900 pounds of 
hard waste per day of ten hours. 

Card and Picker Waste Cleaners. — These machines are 
fitted with countershaft having 16" x 4" tight and loose pul- 
leys to run at 500 revolutions per minute. 

The production is 2,500 to 3,500 pounds of waste, floor 
sweepings, etc., per day of ten hours. 

Thread Extractor. — Fitted with countershaft having 8" 
x 2}4 // tight and loose pulleys, to run at 680 revolutions per 
minute. 

The production is about 500 pounds per day of ten hours. 



Horse Power Required" — See Index. 



29 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N; C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



u 



>— i ^ 
^5 ° 



H 



.2 5 5 
o ~ .« 

O 

u 

PU 



T3 
Sh 
« 

> 

U 

V 

a 

<u 
o 

3 
c 

c 
a 

nj 
J 

C 

XI 

be 

'5 


CO 
CO 


XI 


ooooooooooo 

yO lO in ^t- -tf- CO CN CN w H o 
iONO^h ro lo ts Oi H CO lO 
MMMCNCNCNCNOICOCOCO 


05 
X 


ooooooooooo 

O CT\ t^-NO lO 'si- N M o Ch t^ 
l/)\0 CO O CN t^-vo 00 O M CO 


^ 

w 


X 

J 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
*tf- CN ooovo ^-oi OOOVO "tf- 
^ND 00 CTs M colOr^OO O CN 
WMMMCNCNCNCNCNCOCO 


CN 


X 


1380 
1560 
1730 

1900 
2080 

2250 
2420 
2600 
2770 

2940 
3110 


» 


X 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
CO OMO CN OnmO n O11ONCO 
CO^mDOO Q\ M CO ^mO CO o\ 
i-lMWMMCNCNCNCNCNOl 


" 


0) 

X 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
NnON^-O^D CN CO ^i-o in 

cm ^-inNOiO cn coio r^oo 

mmmmmcNCNCNCNCNCN 


o 


X 


ooooooooooo 

M^O h tNM NCJ NCI NrO 

cn co mic 00 a\^ cn ^j-mN 


o 


X 


ooooooooooo 

lOO ^-OncoC^CNnO h lOO 
M ro^-inNX O w CO ^J-nO 


ON 


X 

►J 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
^f- N O COmO Ch CN lO 30 n *3" 
O *i CO *3" LOnO CO CT\ O CS CO 


=0 


C/3 

X 

1-1 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
CN ^f 1/3 t^co O m CO l/)VO 00 
CT\ O ~i CN CO mMD r-^00 CT\ O 




SR ^ Jfc ^ iR 

•^i- -^j- 10 m^O md r^ t^oo 00 G\ 


•ssq 


3111 U 


i 'Xa 


jnj paa^j jo as^auiBTQ 



CU CD 
C ,X 



S- 0) 

O *-• 

t) .5 

° S3 

13 a 



zs 



30 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



u 

-J 

u 

O 



H 

o 
o 

o 



o 



5 s* 



■d 

u 

> 

u 

<u 

a 

ia 

<u 
o 

3 
o 

_g 

a, 

ca 

o 

M 

'5 


00 


J3 


ooooooooooo 
co -^-o mi-" r— co On m m r^. 

O COMO CO m CO'O CO »h -^-VO 
CM 01 01 01 COcOcOcO-^-"^--^- 




(J 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
Ol t^ CM CO COCO CO ON -^" ON Tj- 

oi iono oi m i>, o oi m 

01 01 01 Ol CO <0 cO <0 ^ "<3- ^- 


r>. 




ooooooooooo 
^O H ioo -to\ coco CS Nh 
On Ol -tf- r-- CPN m -3-v£> Qih t* 
•-< 01 CM 01 01 COCOCOCO'^^ 




^3 

■J 

jo 


ooooooooooo 

O "3- CO Ol IT; Q\ rO N h -^-00 
CT^ M fOVO CO O co LOCO O 01 

■-t oi oi oi oi to to <0 co -^ -^ 


OOOOOOOOOOO 
in DO i-< ^ t^. O (OMD On cm m 
CO O CO m J>, O CM -3-UD ON t-i 
M CM CM Ol 01 CO CO CO CO CO ^J- 


to 


-J 

oi 


ooooooooooo 
on t-i tJ-vc co ^ c^ >n X O 01 
NO N ^"O ON *h co LOCO O 
MCNCMCMCNOirOrOrOfO-^- ! 

OOOOOOOOOOO 
CO " ^O 'CO O m ro 'st-vO CO O 
N^» cO^O CO O Ol rt-vo ON i 
M^tCMOlOlOlcOcocOcoro 

OOOOOOOOOOO 
t^-CO On O m cm co -«d- "7T invO 
MO CO - fOUCiNON^ r^iON. 
.-i — CNOIOIOIOICOCOCOCO ' 

OOOOOOOOOOO 

MO CO O Ol TJ---0 CO' O CM Tt-UD 
i-ii-iOIOIOIOIOIcOCOCOCO 

1 


ff 


■3- 








^ ^ ^ SR ^ 

t3- tj- in inNO no t-» t-^co co o\ 


■sat 


DUl I 


It 'A^ 


ll n d P 39 J J° -13J31UBIQ 



T3 .5 



3i 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

DATA REQUIRED FOR BUILDING PICKING 
MACHINERY, 

(i). State number of each type of machine required, and 
how divided into " sets." 

(2). Are the Automatic Feeders to be attached to the 
Breakers direct, or to the Openers ; and are they to have 
Fveners ? 

(3). Is the Cleaning Trunk to be Perham's Inclined Trunk, 
Robinson's Automatic Horizontal Trunk, or plain Cleaning 
Trunk, stating number of feet desired of each. 

(4). State whether the machine builder is to furnish Plain 
Conducting Trunk required. 

(5). State also whether he is to furnish the Dust Pipes re- 
quired. 

(6). Width of Laps to be used. 

(7). Weight of Laps in ounces per running yard. 

(8). Are Kirschner Carding Beaters desired on the Finisher 
Lappers ? 

(9). State the production desired from each machine in 
pounds per day of ten hours. 

(10). Shipping instructions; state date of shipment and 
routing desired. 

(11). When possible, also send sketches giving floor plans 
of opener and lapper rooms and vertical section through the 
same, so the Connecting and Cleaning Trunks and Dust 
Piping can be laid out and arranged for. 

(12). If Blower System is desired for conveying the cotton 
from the warehouse to the Lapper Opening Room, state — 

(a). Number of pounds of cotton to be handled in 
10 hours. 

(b). For large outputs it is desirable to have Auto- 
matic Feeders in the warehouse opening room ; 
state whether power is available to drive them. 

(c). State whether maker is to furnish gal\anized 
piping or whether purchaser will do so. 

(d). Send sketch showing relative location of ware- 
houses and lapper rooms. 

(13). State in detail what Waste Machinery is desired in 
the way of Thread Extractors, Waste Pickers, etc. 



32 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



FLOOR SPACES. 

The following cuts give the floor spaces occupied by the 
various classes of picking machinery, with the exception of 
the Cop Waste Breaking Up Machine, which is exactly like 
the No. 3 Roving Waste Opener in every respect, except that 
it is built five sections long, fitted with two countershafts, 
and is 37 / -7>£ // long over all. 

Note; : — For sizes and speeds of pulleys see page 29. 



33 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 



i !! ! 







Oqe Section Q ^ctvev j& "CVy ir ovi ' DeVvve vy^ 



34 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Cnarlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 




O-^ .O^ euei ^ TeeAei attacVweck 



35 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER; Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued, 






I*- //-8- - -jfi 




One. SecVum BveoW;? 5cveen SecVioi 



J=^ 










Two Secfrko u T SvccAte Y J? Screen S e. ct'k o v\ 



36 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking- Machinery f Continued. 



"i-^^'HB^ 1 "'. 



>1 



^=n 







Owe Section BveCkV^eiv." Coy\c^e^'vsei ftf( acvuo > e dm 




T uO ^ecl i o \VB veoV>e v \>* Gov^cleitsev 'fr Ctou^e^ox 



37 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N.'C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 




One SecUort"g> YeaVvev^* Tee Sic* c^XacW^ 



^e — i-3Mi 




\ vxo SecVt on^Tco^evj^ Yee&ejc ftttac.\\ec, 



38 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 







One SecY.on "Fiv^s\\< 




T«o SecAio n Ti»\\ sUev 



39 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N.' C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 




ue-SecA tonTiut sYiey ^» TeeAey ■ ComViuolnni ^rVvv fy Tiv* 




-[»«o Staion TWsY^evy" Tec city . GorvAi vv^-uo n By WfrT^ 



40 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 




— A 



Y*-3 . YVftsW O ^enei 




lftoSeeVo^BveuV,c y^ ** Vee<Aev ft1tftcV^e^ ,\ " 5ec C^\ O^h; 



41 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued* 



SAMPLE ARRANGEMENTS OF PICKER 
ROOMS. 

The cuts on the three following pages are sufficiently ex- 
planatory in themselves. With these for a guide, the proper 
arrangement of the different machines best adapted to any 
particular condition will readily suggest itself. 



42 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 







^r2 

O 



- en •>-< 

a g £ 

O O^ 

O h J) 

" P-i CD <U 4h 

cu^ « bo 



43 3 

CO )h 02 . 

1-, a o 

i2 to o <u 






CD 



o o^; 



p<£ 



0) > en CU o 

to k. ftci) !; 

8 "Sag* 

S o IT 6 to 

in T3 o O B 

,B « ^ o 

+j ^ OF* *-> 

cd cu g^ £ 

en ShO £<5 



cc b c 

bC <V B 



60 



I ffl'S o S o 

,-. +J in rj to 

Z O > ° C cu 

*"* **. U * 

4J CU d" 



-e.° 



T) 



H v T> 



5 to 5 "to C . 



<t3 B 
cu to 

Vh CU 



g a 



CC 



43 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Kitson Picking Machinery, Continued. 




Arrangement No. 2. — This shows a three process system 
of four beaters but with the Breaker Lapper separated, using 
the O. 7. Opener and Feeder part down stairs, and connect- 
ing same by Perham's Patent Inclined Cleaning Trunk to 
Screen Section Breaker up stairs. 



44 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Kitson Picking Machinery, Concluded. 




Arrangement No. 3. — This is adapted to a mill of two or 
more stories, for handling the dirtiest of cotton. The long 
line of Patent Cleaning Trunk cleans it very effectively ; the 
breaker lapper is fitted with a condenser and gauge box 
section. 



45 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



REVOLVING FLAT CARD, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works. 



—Jjb^ot^ /\ AS? 7 " \-" 




This machine is of the latest improved type. The cylinder 
is 50" diameter, either 40" or 45 // wide, as purchaser may 
desire, and is run in bushings placed in pedestal boxes. 
These bushings can be renewed when worn without requiring 
a new box. The card is heavily proportioned, well ribbed 
and stiff. The cylinder is ground perfectly true and bal- 
anced to double the speed required. The flats are not sub- 
jected to a straightening process but are ground to an even 
smooth surface. 

The grinding device for the flats is such that the flats are 
supported on the same surface and in the same plane when 
being ground as the}' are while actually carding : conse- 
quently the original pitch is maintained with perfect ac- 
curacy, and when the flats are all in position on the flexible 
bend, all can be set by the same gauge to the cylinder. The 
setting is accomplished by the well known flexible bend 
resting on three setting points with two intermediate push- 
ing points, so it is adjustable at five points on each side. 



46 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



A few improvements peculiar to our Card, are : 

Adjustable under screens with extra heavy knife blades, 
stands and attachments ; all arranged so that the first setting 
of the screens is maintained always ; that is, the first setting 
of the screen at the junction of the licker-in and cylinder is 
maintained, and is governed wholly by the setting of the 
licker-in. 

The knife blades under licker-in, which are used for re- 
moving motes, have an independent adjustment whereby 
they can be placed in varying positions to get more or less 
waste, the latitude of these variations being very great. 
When finally set in place they move with the licker-in and 
screens. 

Arrangement of licker-in roll boxes and shields, whereby 
the setting of the licker-in controls the position of the screens 
underneath. This does away with the trouble of cotton 
getting into the ends of the licker-in and causing heat and 
annoyance. 

Attention is also called to our patented device for keeping 
the tops of the revolving fiats clear from lint, etc. A de- 
tailed description of this will be found on page 50. 

Patent wire braced screens whereby we obtain maximum 
stiffness, leaving also maximum space for dirt to fall through. 
We also do away with the liability of the brace becoming 
loose and damaging the clothing because the brace passes 
through the bars and cannot possibly become detached. The 
calender rolls are brought close to the doffer, and the card 
sliver passing from doffer comb to calender roll is carried at 
a considerable distance below the comb shaft, thereby doing 
away with the liability of sliver breaking or catching on the 
comb shaft. 

Gears are also provided to change the speed of calender 
rolls to fast or slow, and also speed of coiler to allow for 
varying conditions of weather, etc. 

A draw box containing a set of i^" diameter fluted rolls 
(two bottom and two top rolls) may be applied, if desired, in- 
stead of the usual S'rs // diameter smooth calender rolls. 

A patented slow motion is provided to run the doffer at re- 
duced speed at will. The main advantage is seen in piecing 
up an end, when by simply moving the shipper handle in the 
reverse direction from the one that is used to run the doffer, 
the speed is reduced by bringing into play an extra set of 
gears, causing the doffer to revolve at about five revolutions 
per minute. It is then an extremely easy matter to gather 
up the ends and pass the sliver through to the coiler can with 



47 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRA.MER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued* 

a minimum waste. A return of the shipper handle to the 
regular position for running starts the doffer at full speed and 
the card into full work. This slow motion need not be used 
unless desired ; it is simply present when wanted. It has no 
effect on the running of the card in any other way. 

Patent scrapers to clean front carriers that determine the 
position of the flats when they leave the card cylinder. 
These scrapers keep the carriers thoroughly clean, insuring 
that the top flats will always remain in a definite position. 

Position of revolving brush on top flats is such that we are 
enabled at all times to readily clean any lint and waste that 
may collect between the flats, and to ascertain that the tops 
set properly on the carriers. 

Fixed brushes over the licker-in to clean the ends of the 
tops just before they are introduced to the cylinder. 

Oil drip cups under cylinder and licker-in boxes, which 
catch the refuse oil and are readily removed and emptied ; 
thus saving quite a little in oil and also insuring a neat ap- 
pearance of the card. 

The improved comb box is made large and strong, particu- 
lar attention being given to getting the working parts accu- 
rate and close running and in perfect alignment. We have 
also provided large and efficient ducts for the return of the 
oil, so that none will escape to the outside of the box. We 
also furnish double step pulleys which allow the comb to be 
run at different speeds by simply changing the band from 
one to the other. 

We use the Ashworth clip for fastening clothing to the top 
flats, which we consider is the best fastener on the market. 
It renders the flat stronger and does away with the drilling, 
and the selvage edges of top flat clothing. It is also secure, 
and we are able to get any stretch required with surety, 
which is not the case in many of the imitations. 

In short, the highest results obtainable from machines of 
this type are guaranteed. 

Our 40" Revolving Flat Cards are made with both 24" 
doffers and 104 flats, and with 17" doffers and no flats, as the 
customer may prefer ; our 45" Card is made with 17" doffer 
and no flats. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 





WHITIN 
REVOLVING FLAT CARD 
CALENDER ROLL GEARING. 
Rnou - ~3x% dia. 



ELEVATION. 



Diagram of Revolving Flat Card, showing Calender Roll 
Gearing and Doffer Slow Motion. 



49 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 




Revolving Flat Clearing Device. 

The above cut shows our patent device for keeping the 
tops of the revolving fiats clear from lint, etc. It consists of 
a wooden roller, a section of which is in the shape of a five- 
pointed star, about the length of the flat. This roller is 
covered with felt and is placed loosely in position as indi- 
cated by the cut. The motion of the flats revolves this 
slowly, collecting the lint on the felt. It can readily be 
removed any time to take off the accumulation of lint, etc. 

Just below the section of this roller there will also be seen 
a small brush for keeping the bearing ends of the flats clean. 



50 




Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



Improved Grinding Device for Revolving Flats of Card* 
ing Engine. 



We consider trie grinding device herewith shown the 
simplest and most reliable in use for perfect grinding of the 
top flats. The grinding surface, in distinction to the carding 
surface, of the flats, is done away with, both operations 
being performed from the same face. Under the old system 
of carding from one surface and grinding from another, both 
faces of the flat became worn, and the original form was 
finally destroyed, thus making it impossible to set the flats 
accurately enough for the best results. The device we apply 
removes this objection, as there is only one surface subjected 
•to wear. The flats are supported on the same face and in 
the same place when grinding as when carding, conse- 
quently the original pitch is maintained, and the flats in 
position on the flexible bend can all be set by the same 
gauge to the cylinder. 

The device will be easily understood by reference to Fig. i. 
At the top will be seen the bridge bracket in which a rack 
and bar slide. To this bar is attached a shoe or pin (shown 
across the end of the raised flat) the lower surface of which 
is milled to the particular bevel at which it is desired to 
grind the flat. The position of the carding surfaces of the 
flats when grinding is regulated by the shoe or pin, and the 
action of the lifter (shown as supporting the raised flat) with 
its levers, one of which is loaded by the large weight at the 
left. Each flat as it travels along seizes the lip of the shoe, 
and is carried along until the clothed surface has passed 
under the grinding roller. The flat then drops off the 



ST 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



lifter, and releases the shoe, which is immediately returned 
to its original position by the positive movement of the rack 
quadrant and small weight at the right. It will be seen that 
each flat is treated alike, ensuring uniformity in grinding 
that cannot be surpassed. 

Fig 2 shows the device in position on the card. It ma}' 
be placed at the back or front, the former position being 
generally preferred on account of convenience in setting the 
grinding roller. 

Fig. i. 



"\ 




52 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 

Fig. 2 




Improved Grinding Device. 



53 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued* 




ft 

o 



be 



54 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 




55 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



Extras Required. 

Stripping Roll, for brushing out cylinder and doffer. 

Burnishing Roll for burnishing clothing. 

Long Roll Grinder for grinding flats. 

Two Traverse Grinders for grinding cylinder and doffer. 

See page 66 for Hethods of Grinding and Stripping. 

General Specifications for 40" Card with 24" doffer are 
as follows : 

Cylinder 50" diameter, 40" wide. 
Doffer 24 // diameter, 4o // wide. 
Licker-in CjYz" diameter, 4o // wide. 
Driving Pulleys 20" diameter, 3" face. 

Clothing, either best English or American clothing of any 
make preferred. For cylinder 50" diameter, carding surface 
40" wide, about 44 square feet, or 268 running feet, 1" wide. 

Doffer 24" diameter, carding surface 40" wide, about 21 
square feet of clothing, or 172 running feet, i^ // wide. 

Flats : — -There are 104 top flats, \y% ,r wide, 39 of which are 
working ; they are 4o // long by t/^' width of points, about 
25M square feet of clothing. 

Belting : — For doffer, \\'-i f ' of 1" belt ; for licker-in, g / 
of 2." belt ; for top flats/6 7 of \% ,f belt ; for comb (two belts), 
8 / -g // and J / -g // of round belt, y%" diameter ; for brush, s / -i // 
of round belt, y%" diameter. 

No allowance in above for lapping. 

Floor space : — Outside 18" lap and 10" coiler, io / -3 // by 
5 / -5X // over all. 

Coilers are furnished for \o ,f , ll // , or 12" cans, as desired. 



General Specifications for 40" Card with 27" doffer, are 
as follows : 

Cylinder 50" diameter, 40" wide. 
Doffer 27" diameter, 40 // wide. 
Licker-in ^y z " diameter, 4o // wide. 
Driving Pulleys 10" diameter, 3" face. 

Clothing, either the best English or American clothing of 
any make preferred. For cylinder 50" diameter, carding 
surface 40" wide, about 44 square feet, or 268 running feet, 
1" wide. 



56 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



Doffer 27" diameter, carding surface 40" wide, about 27 
square feet clothing, or 194 running feet, i% // wide. 

Flats : — There are no top flats, ifa // wide, 44 of which are 
working ; they are 40" long by fa" width of points, about 
27 square feet of clothing. 

Belting : — For doffer, i4 / -6 // of 2 // belt ; for licker-in, </ of 
2" belt ; for top flats, 6' of i}4" belt ; for comb (two belts), 
8'-io" and 8' of round belt, fa" diameter ; for brush, s'-i" of 
round belt, fa" diameter. 

No allowance in above for lapping. 

Floor space : — Outside 18" lap and \o" coiler, io'-6" by 
5'-5>f ' over all. 

Coilers are furnished for 10", 11", or 12" cans, as desired. 



General Specifications for 45" Card with 2j" 
follows : 

Cylinder 50" diameter, 45" wide. 
Doffer 27" diameter, 45" wide. 
Licker-in 9^" diameter, 45" wide. 
Driving Pulleys 20" diameter, 3" face. 

Clothing, either the best English or American clothing 
of any make preferred. For cylinder 50" diameter, carding 
surface 45" wide, about 50 square feet or 297 running feet, 
2" wide. 

Doffer 27" diameter, carding surface 45" wide, about 30 
square feet clothing, or 21S running feet, \%" wide. 

Flats: — There are no top flats, ifas" wide, 44 of which are 
working ; they are 45" long by 7fa" width of points, about 
30 X square feet clothing. 

Belting : — For doffer, i4'-6" of 2" belt ; for licker-in, 9' of 
-2." belt ; for top flats, 6' of \ l / 2 " belt ; for comb (two belts), 8'- 
10" and 8' of round belt, fa ""diameter ; for brush, s'-i" of 
round belt, fa" diameter. 

No allowance in above for lapping. 

Floor space : — Outside 18" lap an 
-10^" over all. 

Coilers are furnished for 10", n", or 12" cans, as desired. 



Floor space : — Outside 18" lap and xo" coiler, io'-6' r by 
$'-xo%." over all. 



57 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



Card Clothing. 



English Counts. 


Points per Square Foot, 


American No. of Wire. 


60's 


43200 


28 


70's 


50400 


30 


80's 


57600 


31 


90's 


64800 


32 


100's 


72000 


33 


110's 


79200 


34 


120's 


86400 


35 


130's 


93600 


36 



For Coarse Yarns use on 



For Medium Yarns use on 



Cylinders, Nos. 90's and 100's. 

Doffers and Plats,' Nos. 100's and 110's. 

Cylinders, Nos. 100's and 110's. 

Doffers and Flats, Nos. 110's and 120's. 



Fillet for Cylinders and Doffers. 

With 4 Crowns, or 24 Points per Inch. 



Noggs per Inch. 


Points per Square Foot. 


American No. 


of Wire. 


16 


55296 


31 




17 


58752 






18 


62208 


32 




19 


65664 






20 


69120 


33 




21 


72576 






22 


76032 


34 




23 


79488 






24 


82944 


35 




25 


86400 






26 


89856 


36 





Sheets for Top Flats. 



Points 

per Inch 

in 




Points per In 


ch in Width. 




25 


24 


23 


22 


21 


20 


Length. 


Points 
per Sq. Ft. 


Points 
per Sq. Ft. 


Points 
per Sq. Ft. 


Points 
per Sq. Ft. 


Points 
per Sq. Ft. 


Points 
per Sq.Ft. 


25 
24 
23 
22 
21 
20 


90000 
86400 
82800 
79200 
75600 
72000 


86400 
82944 
79488 
76032 
72576 
69120 


82800 
79488 
76176 
72864 
69552 
66240 


79200 
76032 
72864 
69696 
66528 
63360 


75600 
72576 
69552 
66528 
63504 
60480 


72000 
69120 
66240 
63360 
60480 
57600 



58 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



06 

a 

+-> 

o 

U 



*T3 





C3 


5h 




u 


<-H 


a 






T3 


+j 


<u 


v£ 


9 


s* 


u 


WH 


*H 


O 



fe 



tf 



o *io 

G 
on <3 

w o 
tS - 

£^ 

-S o 



u 






■3JIA\ UO 
pjEf) JO 

saqoui ui 
TOIAV ' 



h-h-asGCrHM co -jh o cc cc to- x co cc i— -4 :o 
< -i< t- co co cc co oi uo co oi io x 



C CO tN CO -t O ^ 01 X -t< CO (O 01 CO -V O CD CM 00 

co t- c- cC' w — io ire -t< -p -r co co oi oi cm ,-( r-< o 
x cc x :: x cc x cc x cc x cc x cc x cc x cc x 



CMcOT*IOCDt-OOC5THOMCO--r:iO<OIC— 00C5i 

co -t< io cc t- cc ~ c m co -t io r 



C0O5lOr-<C-COCCi0COl-- 
OOCCOrHCO^COt— CCOrHCl^COt 

^^ic'io'io'io'idio'cccojcocococo'ic^t— ic^t 



i ^ ^h r-i i 

) CC CM -p i 



O CO rt CO M X ClXC^X-f CC-f O1T1OC0HC0 
CC CO UO — -T X CO t - 1 CC t-h lO CO lO 00 -f X CO L- 

co h * lc :: co x io cc co x io :". o i-lc :io l- 

CM -CP IO t- CO r-i CM -CH CO CC' CO w CO UO CC X O CM CO 



lOlOIOlOlOCDCCOCOCDCOC 



- 10- C- CO 00 CO 



ffl-fcncccocot-Hi 



(LOOlOCO-cMfflCO 



JOICIHHCC C O X '/. l-t-CITjlO^'* 



X X X X X X X X L- I 



• t- t- r- t— t- r 



MiC-tHIOO-JICOCNI 



i CC CC -f CO CO X 01 CC CO 



CO MClrHCC CO COO X X t- t- CC IO io -f -r CC CO 

x r. oh:i cc cc -r <o cc l- x o o t- oi co -cf io 
cm ~r c- coo t-i co io io- co *-h co uo t- co oi -r cc x cc 



CD CO COCO t 



•10— O0C0OC»COCCOC3O5O5O5© 



OC--CJH-/. ICCIC CCOOl-'frtOOlOClCSCO 
H CO CD CC H f I- CO OI IO 'X CC CO CC X w -r CO ~ 
X rH -+< t- rH of L- CC -f t— O -ch L— CO CO t- CO CO CO 
CCOOl^cOCOOrHCOCOCOOCOiqiC^OCl^lO^OrH 
CDtC^IO— Ic^lO^Co'cCOOOOCecjCCjCrcCOcJOOOOO 



OCOCO-*'MOCOCO-^CC10COCO--HCMOCOCOTtl 
TflOIC— C5»-tCO'Cf<COCOOCMCOiOlC-aOT-<Cl-f<CD 

io i-i t- co co cc o i x -pHt-noiOHco-jir- 

00 t-i CO CO 05t ■ ' 



MHOCCXt-COinilCOClHOOa(X)l>CDlO 
t-OlOH'CHlCHCOHCOHCOHlOCOlOCLO 
TP CO rH ICO X 01 ICO OO CI CO 05 CO CO © CO C- O ** 10— 

oorH— -rH^cMoicococo^T^io'idio'cocdco 



CO <H 1Q CC Ol cc CC CO CO CC -* t- iH •* 00 CN1 IO OS <M 

CO CO LO L- p 01 -cf t- CO Ol -t< CO COO rH OO CD 00 r-1 CO 



_ I CO CO ■* Tt* IO 

<e<icNicMccNicNiceciccicNcesicq 



t- CM I— CM CO CO 



0»HCMCOTtllOCOb-00050rHCMCO-ccHirO)COiO-00 
C0COC0)WC0COCOCOCOC0"Cl<'*-*'HH-cl<-cPTtl'S<TJ< 



o nloS ~ 
2^00! 

^ ° ° "S 

-CoS ^ s 

CD U JC3 -t^ 



"3 c ~ 8 

2 G m 

n , S W! O 



E cct 41 +-■ 

.^ 1/1 u CO 

" c u E 

£-ajc: m 

S « « .2 



-So « -S ^ 

is ° o o 3 

fci rj cj io cer 

"CH K^ ^ 4) 

^cS „- g" 

ic! °^ 



""O.S il - 

O 3 1- ^CM 

*. &« |r. ,, 

S2« « -S° 

o^'d f^co 

. § a S-a 

Pol o.S W ■" 

P. = 

(U CT 1 



C3 



X 



.59 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



Draught Table of Revolving Flat Card. 

27 in. Doffer with 3 T ^- in. dia. Card Calender Rolls. 



Diameter of 



Lap Roll, 6 in. 

Coiler Calender Rolls, 2 in. 

Lap Roll Gear 48 Teeth. Doffer Gear, 192 Teeth. 

Feed Roll Gear, 17 Teeth. Feed Roll Bevel Gear 160 Teeth. 

Card Calender Roll Shaft Gear, 25 Teeth. 

Driver, Coiler Shaft Gear, 36 Teeth. 

Coiler Shaft Gear, 18 Teeth. 





Compensating Gears 




Change 














Gears. 


38 Teeth. 


39 Teeth. 


40 Teeth. 










Draught. 


Draught. 


Draught. 


15 Teeth. 


158 26 


154.20 


150.35 


16 


148.36 


144.56 


140.95 


17 


139.65 


136.06 


132.66 


18 


131.87 


128.50 


125.29 


1!) 


124.94 


121.74 


118.69 


20 


118.69 


115.65 


112.76 


21 


113.04 


110.14 


107.39 


22 


107.91 


105.14 


102.51 


23 


103.22 


100.57 


98.06 


24 


98.92 


96.38 


93.97 


25 


94.96 


92.52 


90.21 


26 


91.30 


88.96 


86.74 


27 


87.92 


85.67 


83.53 


28 


84.78 


82.61 


80.54 


29 


81.86 


79.76 


77.77 


30 


79.13 


77.10 


75.17 


31 


76.57 


74.61 


72.74 


32 


74.18 


72.29 


70.48 


33 


71.93 


70.09 


68.34 


34 


69 .32 


68.04 


66.33 


35 


67.82 


66.09 


64.43 


36 


65.94 


64.25 


62.64 


37 


64.16 


62.51 


60.95 


38 


62.47 


60 87 


59.35 


39 


60.87 


59.31 


57.83 


40 


59.35 


57.83 


56.38 



6o 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N, C, 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 



Draught Table of Revolving Flat Card. 

24 in. Doffer with S T \ in. dia. Card Calender Rolls. 

Diameter of I ^ ^H 6 > -p „ . 
( Coiler Calender Rolls, 2 in. 

Lap Roll Gear 48 Teeth. Doffer Gear, 192 Teeth. 

Feed Roll Gear, 17 Teeth. Feed Roll Bevel Gear 160 Teeth. 

Card Calender Roll Shaft Gear, 27 Teeth. 

Driver, Coiler Shaft Gear, 36 Teeth. 

Coiler Shaft Gear, 18 Teeth. 





Compensating Gears 






Change 


















Gears. 


38 Teeth. 


39 Teeth. 


40 Teeth. 




Draught. 


Draught. 


Draught. 




15 Teeth. 


146.54 


142.78 


139.21 




16 


137.38 


133.86 


130.51 




IT 


129.30 


125.98 


122.83 




18 


122.11 


118.98 


116.00 




19 


115.68 


112.72 


109.90 




20 


109.90 


107.09 


104.41 




21 


104.67 


101.99 


99.44 




22 


99.91 


97.35 


94.92 




23 


95.57 


93.12 


90.79 




24 


91.59 


89.24 


87.01 




25 


87.92 


85.67 


83.53 




26 


84.54 


82.37 


80.31 




27 


81.41 


79.32 


77.33 




28 


78.50 


76.49 


74.58 




29 


75.79 


73.85 


72.00 




30 


73.27 


71.39 


69.60 




31 


70.91 


69.09 


67.36 




32 


68.69 


66.93 


65.25 




33 


66.63 


64.90 


63.28 




34 


64.66 


62.99 


61.42 




35 


62.80 


61.19 


59.66 




36 


61.06 


59.49 


58.01 




37 


59.41 


57.88 


56.44 




38 


57.84 


56.36 


54.95 




3b 


56.36 


54.90 


53.54 




40 


54.95 


53.54 


52.20 





6i 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 





Side Pulley 

15 V dia. 

Doffer Gear 

192 T. 


O jj 
•it! 

>o 


a> 

In 3 


7.88 
8.48 
9.09 
9.70 
10.30 
10.91 
11.52 
12.12 
12.73 
13.34 
13.94 
14.55 
15.15 
15.76 
16.37 
16.97 
17.58 
18.18 
18.79 
19.40 
20.00 






u 

3 
O 

o 



>> 

4) 



o 

.s 

0) 

3 
T3 
O 

> 

53 
-a 

u 

■3 

B 
3 
O 

a 

a 

3 
3 

60 

3 

'■s 

o 

J3 

H 


_fi 

-u 

o 
O 

O 

03 

"cG 

O 

Ph 
03 
-u 

<u 

a 

ft 

_g 

ml-* 
1^ 
CM 

fH 

03 

o 


0) 

.fc 

GO 

«w 
O 

ni 

H 

ce 

03 

a 
o 

.s 

CO 

'3 

M 

03 

O 
f-l 

03 
,Q 

a 
pi 


CD 


M 


96.33 
103.65 
111.12 
118.59 
125.91 
133.36 
140.83 
148.16 
155.61 
163.06 
170.42 
177.85 
185.20 
192.66 
200.11 
207.45 
214.90 
222.24 
229.70 
237.16 
244.49 








[0 

« 


92.90 
99.95 
107.15 
114.35 
121.40 
128.60 
135.81 
142.87 
150.05 
157.24 
164.33 
171.52 
178.59 
185.79 
192.96 
200.05 
207.23 
214.30 
221.51 
228.70 
235.77 


1 




JO 


co- 
rn 
1-1 


89.46 
96.24 
103.18 
110.12 
116.91 
123.84 
130.77 
137.58 
144.50 
151.51 
158.25 
165.15 
171.97 
178.90 
185.82 
192.64 
199.56 
206.36 
213.30 
220.21 
227.03 


i 


~6 

u 


o 


CO 

pq 


86.01 
92.54 
99.22 
L05.88 
12.42 
L19.08 
25.74 
32.28 
38.94 
45.59 
L52.15 
L58.80 
65.36 
172.02 
78.66 
85.23 
91.87 
98.43 
'05.09 
ill. 75 
!18.30 








U 

«3 


oc 


CO 

pq 

r-i 


82.57 
88.85 
95.25 
01.64 
07.92 
14.31 
120.71 
27.00 
33.38 
39.77 
46.07 
52.44 
158.74 
65.14 
71.52 
77.82 
84.20 
90.49 
96.89 
>03.28 
!09.57 


' 






r! 




CO* 

n 

Hi 


79.13 
85.14 
91.28 
97.42 
103.43 
109.55 
115.68 
121.70 
127.83 
133.94 
139.98 
146.09 
152.13 
158.26 
164.38 
170.41 
176.53 
182.56 
188.69 
194.81 
200.83 


. 


J> 

o 

> 


-* 
tH 


CO 

pq 


75.70 
81.44 
87.31 
93.18 
98.92 
104.79 
110.66 
116.41 
122.27 
128.12 
133.90 
139.75- 
145.52 
151.38 
157.23 
163.01 
168.85 
174.62 
180.49 
186.34 
192.10 


, 


o 

« 


CM 




72.25 
77.73 
83.35 
88.95 
94.43 
100.03 
05.62 
11.12 
16.71 
122.30 
27.81 
33.39 
138.91 
144.50 
150.09 
55.59 
61.17 
66.68 
72.28 
77.87 
83.37 












© 


CO 

pq 


68.81 
74.04 
79.37 
84.71 
89.93 
95.27 
100.59 
105.83 
111.15 
116.48 
121.73 
127.04 
132.29 
37.62 
42.94 
.48.18 
L53.51 
158.74 
164.08 
69.40 
76.85 












CO 

CO 


CO 

pq 


65.37 
70.34 
75.41 
80.48 
85.44 
90.50 
95.57 
100.54 
05.60 
10.64 
15.64 
20.69 
25.68 
30.74 
35.80 
40.78 
45.83 
50.81 
55.88 
60.94 
65.91 


- 










Cylinder 165 rev. 

Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. 

Licker-in Driven 

7" dia. 


4) 

o.a 

T3 

.5- 

o 

3 


•fcc 


S..S 


7.88 
8.48 
9.09 
9.70 
10.30 
10.91 
11.52 
12.12 
12.73 
13.34 
13.94 
14.55 
15.15 
15.76 
16.37 
16.97 
17.58 
18.18 
18.79 
19.40 
20.00 






§0 

a 

u 


0) 

O 







62 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 





Side Pulley 

15$" dia. 

Doffer Gear 

192 T. 


<4-l j_, 

o 5; 
• as 

"I 


£ 3 
Pi. 9 


0T00 05OOi-IC<lCClC0r)i^H0in«0t-t-0000C»OO 

co-fqt^cociiOHi^woiiqHi^cOQiOHt^^q 
^ooaadoHNNrfriiiicJiacDcd^ooK'oio 

\HiHr-liHiHrHr-ti-liHT^T-it-(iHtHTHr-iCq 




3 
o 
J3. 

o 

o 
IS- 

a 
o 

a 

T3 

3 
T3 

O 

P. 

u 

<U 

_> 
53 
■a 

rt 

u 

■a 

3 
3 
O 
Pi 

<L) 
■D 

6 
3 
3 
M 

'? 
O 

<u 


bb 

.5 
O 

<*-! 
O 

03 

'to 

O 

CD 

CD 

Q 

ri 

P 

.9 

t- 
CN 

CD 
tfc! 
O 

P 


U 
CD 
> 

o 

Ti 
I-, 
ri 

CD 

n 

o 

CO 

a 

*S 
!-, 

O 

O 

u 

CD 
| 


co 


CO 

3 


130.74 
140.67 
150.81 
160.95 
170.88 
180.98 
191.13 
201.08 
211.18 
221.26 
231.27 
241.36 
251.34 
261.47 
271.58 
281.54 
291.65 
301.61 
311.74 
321.86 
331.81 




I— 


co 

n 
ri 


127.31 
136.97 
146.84 
156.71 
166.37 
176.22 
186.11 
195.77 
205.63 
215.47 
225.20 
235.03 
244.74 
254.60 
264.43 
274.14 
283.98 
293.68 
303.54 
313.39 
323.09 




CM 


co 

ri 


123.86 
133.26 
142.87 
152.48 
161.88 
171.46 
181.07 
190.49 
200.07 
209.64 
219.11 
228.67 
238.11 
247.71 
257.29 
266.73 
276.31 
285.74 
295.34 
304.91 
314.35 


• 

u 

u 


O 


CO 

H 
i-l 


120.42 
129.56 
138.91 
148.24 
157.38 
166.70 
176.05 
185.20 
194.51 
203.82 
213.02 
222.32 
231.51 
240.84 
250.14 
259.33 
268.62 
277.80 
287.13 
296.44 
305.62 


00 

co 


CO 

M 


116.98 
125.87 
134.93 
144.00 
152.89 
161.93 
171.00 
179.91 
188.95 
198.00 
206.03 
215.96 
224.89 
233.95 
242.99 
251.91 
260.95 
269.86 
278.93 
287.97 
296.88 


b-0 


CO 

CD 


CO* 

n 
ri 


L13.53 
1.2.16 
30.97 
39.77 
48.39 
57.17 
L65.98 
74.62 
183.40 
92.18 
200.84 
!09.61 
'18.28 
!27.07 
35.85 
!44.50 
53.28 
'61.93 
,70.73 
79.51 
.88.15 


ri 




> 

v o 

> 


CO 


92 


ocoocofflHcoM^iotrNcocsoooffire^m 

TH'tOinoOiiCimcOCOC-^SHt'HCOOHOO'^ 

o cri t^ id co C"i o ci t^ co -ti co T-i o oo t^ ici cc c-i rn oi 
i-t i-i . I :- ~v L- -.- w i- s. ~ — i-n m m cc -r in co t- t- 

HiHr-HHHrliHHHrtCMNIN«'MN!NNIMIN 




CM 

CD 


CO 


114.75 
23.03 
31.20 
139.39' 
147.65 
L55.92 
64.04 
72.28 
80.53 
88.67 
96.91 
205.05 
213.31 
221.55 
229.68 
237.93 
246.05 
'54.32 
262.57 
•70.69 








O 
CO 


on 
3 


Mi0COOS5O«te0H00OMMOOONNOC0 
C T~i -r-i O-l CO -H lO O — 1- -S- T. CT- O tH Ol CO CO T lC CD 




I CM >-l CM CM 




00 


CO 

M 
ri 


h-COOiCqONOlOt-OlOO<MlOlOt>OOOOCNCOM 
b; M O OC ^ H CO ■* H X i "■ 1 X iC "C 1 CO lO r-f OS CD <N 

© t- io c-i c x o co h a! "O -f h d t-^ -^ c-i d t^ id co 
©Ohm co co -t* 10 "-■ ~ i - x - - — w c i : * co rt< us 








Cylinder 165 rev. 

Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. 

Licker-in Driven 

7" dia. 


.5 

3 


•se 


ft. 5 


7.88 
8.48 
9.09 
9.70 
10.30 
10.91 
11.52 
12.12 
12.73 
13.34 
13.94 
14.55 
15.15 
15.76 
16.37 
16.97 
17.58 
18.18 
18.79 
19.40 
20.00 




bJO 

n 

ri 

u 


ri 

o 


H 

co-tio«>t-aQOrtCMCo-tioot-a)0)Oi-ic<iw 



63 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued. 





Side Pulleys 

15 J" dia. 

Doffer Gear 

192 T. 


■it! 

Jo 


CO 

ft.S 


7.88 
8.48 
9.09 
9.70 . 
10.30 
10.91 
11.52 
12.12 
12.73 
13.34 
13.94 
14.55 
15.15 
15.76 
16.37 
16.97 
17.58 
18.18 
18.79 
19.40 
20.00 




3 
O 

o 
o 

XI 
<U 

a 
o 

■a 
o 

u 

p. 
co 

T3 

n! 
U 

■3 

a 
3 
o 
a. 

u 

E 

3 

M 

'£ 
O 

.c 

H 


tab 

a 

_o 
O 
t-i 

o 

CD 

r2 

o 

CD 
CD 

3 

c3 

3 

cm 

u 

CD 

SH 
o 

« 


CD 

o 
-d 

CD 
O 
.5 

03 

g 

'5 
O 

O 

f-i 

CD 




co 

a 


89.52 
95.9C 
103.04 
110.12 
116.56 
123.(5 
130.73 
137.82 
144.26 
151.34 
158.42 
164.86 
171.95 
179.03 
186.12 
192.56 
199.64 
206.08 
213.16 
220.25 
226.70 




CM 


CO 

23 


MCOCOOiOfCJCOQO'Sit-OOH'Jt-COHIMlflCOai 

co iO co rn -f ^ c x rH c^ i- c; x - -r ^ io t- io co io 




CDWCCOOIC- 0-1 ~ LO :i "/ lO 01 CO LO OI X Li CM 00 
X ffl Q C rH rK - 1 " :: ^- LO L* ^ I- t- X 00 00 00 t-H t-l 








'O 


MOCOCO'*NC»t-ffimHCnt--*OOOOCO^IMO 

r-t *-h oo oi oi x :o co — . lo h oo — oi ~f x oo oo co 10 in 




cooiooix-*Ht-coot-^ajocoxioHt--t<o 
» co o c c h m :i ^ ^ -r io in co t- i- -/ oo co o rn 






*T3 

u 

U 


o 


CO 


coxocoxowioocoioocoinxcoioccoicio 

CJOOCOO^L'OXH-^OllOXwaoiCCOCO^ 


C10WX*fCCOrtX10Ht-COacOHX-fOCOOI 
t- CO OJ C3 O H H OI OI CO -t "O 1 IC LO CO t- 1 - 'X CO OI O 




OO 


CO 


COLOOTC5r-IOOCOCOm01CO*-(aOODCOm01'^*-<000 
t- OI CO CO CO CO O rH 0O t~ t- CO CO rf LO CO t-i CO C- t- CO 


V— 1 


COCNOOTtiOinC^OOCOClO^t^COCOLOf-l — CNIOO^ 
t- X X Q O) O H rH OI OI CO t i< IO IO O. L~ b* X K CO 




o 
-* 


co° 
H 
i-l 


73.53 

78.82 
84.04 
90.46 
95.75 
101 .57 
07.39 
13.21 
18.50 
21.32 
30.13 
35.42 
41.24 
47.06 
52.88 
58.17 
63.99 
69.28 
75.10 
80.92 
86.21 


rl 




> 

*o 

> 


•>* 


CO 

M 


70.33 

75.39 

80.96 

86.53 

91.59 

97.15 

102.72 

108.28 

113.34 

118.91 

124.48 

129.54 

135.10 

140.67 

146.23 

151.29 

156.86 

161.92 

167.49 

173.05 

178.11 


Oi 


01 


CO 

« 


-Ft— 00C7:Ol-*OCCC0^CNincOt-C:0CIC0C0t-.c0CN 

ri o oi m ■* t- c co h c x - o. : i lo ■}> i- in x h o 




t- »-i t- oi l- oi oc oo x oo x co ex-re. -rcOTjicomo 

CC L- t- X X CJ O O C H H OI Ol CO X -1^ -f LO LO CO t- 








O 


CO 

03 


TjH^OOOOOCMCO-^-^OOOOOCMOOTtH'^'^OCDCNCM 

ooinoococNcoconiOr-ii-it-oooocoomaiccicNcoco 




CO* 00 CO OC CO CO CO 00 CO 00 CO it— oi t- oi L- 01 t-^ 01 t- rH 

couL-t-xxoicocOHHOioicoco-fi^minco 








00 
CO 


o3 


-fHNCOOOHNCJJOOt^XQOCCl-^iniQOl 
t-HCOt-HC.t'LOXNinxCTCtCC-fXCO'JX 




CO in CO -P C5 CO X' CO t— 01 L- H CO H C' C LO Oi -f CO CO 

c o: co t- t- x x a; c; c c h h oi oi c-o :o :o -f -t lo 




Cylinder 165 rev. 

Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. 

Licker-in Driven 

7" dia. 


0.2 
.5- 

3 




co 

CO => 

a. 3 
S 


7.88 
8.48 
9.09 
9.70 
10.30 
L0.91 
11.52 
12.12 
12.73 
13.34 
13.94 
1.155 
5.15 
5.76 
6.37 
6.97 
7.58 
8.18 
8.79 
9.40 
•0.00 








bo 
a 
n 

U 


CO 

O 


CO-PinoOt'OCCOOO^-lCMCO-^inoC'b-OOCOOOT-iOHCO 



64 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Continued, 





Side Pulley 

lo$ " dia . 

Doffer Gear 

192 T. 


■St 

«P 




7.88 
8.48 
9.09 
9.70 
10.30 
10.91 
11.52 
12.12 
12.73 
13.34 
13.94 
14.55 
15.15 
15.76 
16.37 
16.97 
17.58 
18.18 
18.79 
19.40 
20.00 






3 
o 

o 

o 
>1 

OJ 

o 

•73 
3 

-o 
o 

p. 

> 

CU 

u 
■3 

3 

o 

a 

e 

3 
C 

. tf 
'% 

o 

.3 

aj 
3 
H 


o 

5 

O 
CD 

't/3 

o 

<x> 

QJ 

E 

s 

-t' 

CN 

S-l 

0) 

o 
Q 


!-< 
CD 

o 

h, 

CD 
O 

CO 
h< 

O 

o 

hi 

cd 

s 




CO 

3 


121.49 
130.23 
139.84 
149.45 
158.19 
167.81 
177.42 
187.04 
195.78 
205.39 
215.00 
223.74 
233.36 
242.97 
252.59 
261.33 
270.94 
279.68 
289.29 
298.91 
307.65 








CO 

M 

hi 


L18.29 
12G.S0 
3G.1G 
45.52 
54.03 
L63.39 
172.75 
82.11 
190.62 
199.99 
209.35 
217.86 
227.22 
236 .'58 
245.94 
254.45 
263.81 
272.32 
281.68 
291.04 
299.55 












CM 

1^ 


CO 

hi 


115.09 
123.37 
132.48 
141.59 
149.87 
158.98 
1G8.08 
177.19 
185.47 
194.58 
203.69 
211 97 
221.08 
230.18 
239.29 
247.57 
256.68 
264.96 
274.07 
283.18 
291.46 




*T3 

u 

u 

-t-» 


O 


CO 

hi 


111.90 
119.95 
12S.80 
137.66 
145.71 
154.56 
163.42 
172.27 
180.32 
189.18 
198.03 
206.08 
214.94 
223.79 
232.65 
240.70 
249.55 
257.60 
266.46 
275.31 
283.36 


"" 


QC 
CO 


3 


108.70 
L1G.52 
125.12 
133.72 
141.54 
150.14 
158.75 
167.35 
175.17 
183.77 
192.37 
200.19 
208.79 
217.40 
226.00 
233.82 
242.42 
250.24 
>58.84 
267.44 
.75.26 


1 






bo 

c 


CO 
CO 


co" 


105.71 
113.09 
121.44 
129.79 
137.38 
145.73 
154.08 
162.43 
170.02 
178.37 
186.71 
194.30 
202.65 
211.42 
219.35 
226.94 
235.29 
242.88 
251.23 
259.58 
267.17 


. 


> 

*— 4 

O 
> 


->* 

CO 


CO 

H 
hi 


102.30 
L 09.06 
17.76 
125.86 
133.22 
41.31 
149.41 
57.50 
04.86 
72.96 
81.06 
88.42 
96.51 
204.61 
212.70 
220.06 
228.16 
235.52 
>43.62 
'51.71 
59.07 


, 


- 






IN 

CO 


CO 

a 


99.11 
06.24 
114.08 
21.92 
29.05 
30.90 
44.74 
152.58 
59.71 
L67.56 
175.40 
82.53 
90.37 
98.21 
206.06 
213.19 
221.03 
>28.16 
36.00 
43.85 
50.98 


c 
c 

1 




" 






o 

CO 


CO 

a 


95.91 

102.-1 

117.09 
124.89 
132.48 
140.07 
147.00 
154.56 
162.15 
169.74 
176.64 
184.23 
191.82 
199.41 
206.31 
213.90 
220.80 
228.39 
235.98 
242.88 


C 




00 

o 


03 

3 


HX«w?;^o^Hiocoiocjncocot-^XHco 


1 




C Q C H M ?1 ?0 -t -f L^ CL" t- l- X 'OC^ CM CN CO 






Cylinder 165 rev. 
Cyl.Pul'yl8"dia. 

Licker-in Driven 
7" dia. 


s 

.5 

Pi 

„T3 

>3 


«P 


a.. 3 


MQOcnooHNc , ip:-t^ifliocot-E>coxajoo 
ccTOt-MoiiOHt-cooiOH[^?:c;ic:Ht-^o 


c 




^odcsQodHcnNcoco^idiQCDtdi^oooocftd 


■- 




to 
3 
U 




H 

co -p in o t— x Ci o .-i ?i :■- -f ,~ w l~ -c c: o r-< cm co 

iHrHT-li-lT-li-irtCNI-lCMCN04040JCNlCNCMCOCOCOCO 


i 



65 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Carding Machinery, Concluded. 



C^ 







be 



a 

a 

.3 
O 



66 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



COMBING MACHINERY, 

Manufactured fay 

The Whitin Machine Works. 




Sliver Lap Machine. 

This machine is used to make laps for use on Combers or 
Ribbon Lap Machines. The Lap is formed by running from 
12 to 16 Card or Drawing Frame slivers, placed in ordinary 
cans behind the machine, through guides and stop motion 
spoons to a drawhead consisting of three top and bottom 
rolls arranged with a slight draught. From these rolls the 
cotton is condensed by passing through two pairs of heavy 
calender rolls, and is then wound into a lap either 7Y' or 8I'' 
wide. When the laps are taken direct to the Comber they 
should be 8f" wide, but when made for a Ribbon Lap 
Machine they should be \¥' narrower to allow for spread in 
drawing. As it is essential that the laps made on this 
machine be of a perfectly uniform nature, a back stop motion 
is provided for each sliver, which causes the machine to stop 
instantly on the breaking of an end. Another stop motion 
is used which stops the machine when the lap reaches its 
full diameter, thus insuring the laps to be of a uniform 
length. 

Pulleys: — 12" diameter by i\" face, 120 revolutions per 
minute. 

Floor Space: — Including cans, </ 1" by 4/-3". 



67 



Atlanta, G*. f STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 




6S 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued* 




Diagram of Gearing. 



Draught Table, Sliver Lap Machine. 

Table gives total draught in machine. 



Front Roll 




Front Roll 




Front Roll 




Change 


Draught. 


Change 


Draught. 


Change 


Draught. 


Gear. 




Gear. 




Gear. 




20 


3.22 


28 


2.30 


36 


1.79 


21 


3.07 


29 


2.22 


37 


1.74 


22 


2.93 


30 


2.15 


38 


1.70 


23 


2.80 


31 


2.08 


39 


1.65 


24 


2.68 


32 


2.01 


40 


1.61 


25 


2.58 


33 


1.95 


41 


1.57 


2G 


2.48 


34 


1.89 


42 


1.53 


27 


2.39 


36 


1,84 


43 


1.50 



69 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery , Continued. 



c 

o 

<3 



> J 



T3 
CD 
O 
1=1 

T3 

o 
r-1 

ft 

f 

o 

-d 

r-1 

cS 
i>> 
r-1 

CD 

p< 

CO 

a 

rH 

o 


o 

CO 
CO 


X 
i-l 


500.0 
555.6 
611.2 
666.7 
722.3 
777.8 
889.0 
1000.0 
1111.2 


o 

CM 
CO 


X 


484.9 
538.8 
592.6 
646.5 
700.4 
754.2 
862.0 
969.7 
1077.6 


o 

CO 


x 

r-1 


469.7 
522.0 
574.1 
626.3 
678.5 
730.7 
835.1 
939.4 
1043.9 


© 
o 


X 


COtHCOtHCOiHt-(i-ICM 


454 
505 
555 
606 
656 
707 
808 
909 
1010 


o 


X 
r-1 


439.4 
488.3 
537.1 
585.9 
634.7 
683.5 
781.2 
878.8 
976.6 


o 

00 

cm 


X 
1-1 


424.3 
471.4 
518.6 
565.7 
612.9 
660.0 
754.3 
848.5 
942.9 


o 

CM 


X 


409.1 
454.6 
500.0 
545.5 
591.0 
636.4 
727.3 
818.2 
909.2 


o 

CO 
CM 


X 

rJ 


394.0 

437.8 
481.5 
525.3 
569.1 
612.8 
700.4 
787.9 
875.5 


O 


r-1 


378.8 
420.9 
463.0 
505.1 
547.2 
589.3 
673.4 
757.6 
841.9 


O 


,Q 


t-r-or505COt-10COCM 


CO-p-f-FlOlOCOt-OO 
CDO-f X(M©r^(MO 

co-^Tr-^ioiocot-co 


© 

CO 
CM 


X 
1-1 


348.5 

387.2 
426.0 
464.7 
503.4 
542.1 
619.6 
697.0 
774.5 


O 
CM 

CM 


JO 


Tf-rf-^irimiocot-o 


COOtr--*rHOOCMCDO 
COt-O^OOT-tCiCD-^ 
COC0-3*-*-3<l£)lOCDt- 


O 


jO 

-1 


318.2 
353.6 

388.9 
424.3 
459.6 
495.0 
565.7 
636.4 
707.2 


o 
o 

CM 


X 


»-Jt-;-*THt- : -*t--rH-* 

CO^o'TtHt^i-HCOCDCO 

©cot-ocot-coot- 

COCOCO-tf-^TPlOCOCO 


'll - 1 

■in g 

suo 


o -uii 
;iri[OA 


3[B3 

3 H 


lOOlOOlOOOO© 
^lOlOOCDt-CCCS© 



70 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued* 



iPEEB|cOErig 



Ribbon Lap Machine. 

The object of this machine is so to prepare the laps for the 
combing machine that the web of the slivers will be of a 
more even and uniform structure than that of the sliver lap 
machine, thus placing the fibers in a better condition for the 
action of the comber. 

Six laps from the sliver lap machine, each 7!" wide, are 
placed in the ribbon machine creel and drawn through four 
lines of fluted rolls with a draught of about six. Highly pol- 
ished, brass covered, curved plates guide the ribbons evenly 
on top of each other onto the sliver plate, along which the 
ribbon is drawn through several press rolls to the lap head, 
where it is compressed and formed into a lap 8f" wide, 
ready for the comber. The machine is provided with a back 
stop motion, which stops the machine whenever a lap in the 
creel breaks down or runs out ; a full lap stop motion is also 
provided in the lap head, which insures laps of a uniform 
length. 

Pulleys: — 16" diameter by 3" face, 280 revolutions per 
minute. 

Floor Space :— i4'-li" by 4'-7£". 



71 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 



t 



. i 



is-z- 



*tf6-* 



■91- 



I 



.± 



■III I 

li 1 



_jfil 



72 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery , Continued, 

•via,?! 
swnHQ dvi 




Draught Table — Ribbon Lap Machine. 

Table gives total draught in machine. 



Change Gear. 


Draught. 


Change Gear. 


Draught 


47 
48 
49 


0.40 
6.27 
6.14 


50 
51 
52 


6.02 
5.90 

5.78 



73 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 



•« fa 



03 
O 


O 

ft 

cS 

o 

cS 

CD 

Ph 

m 

'8 

C3 


o 

CM 

CO 


h4 


915.9 
969.7 
1023.6 
1077.6 
1131.4 


o 

CO 


J3 


887.2 
939.4 
991.6 
1043.9 
1096.1 


o 
o 

CO 


XI 


858.6 
909.1 
959.7 
1010.2 
1060.7 


o 

CM 


Jq 


830.0 
878.8 
927.7 
976.6 
1025.3 


O 

00 


XI 


801.4 
848.5 
895.7 
942.9 
990.0 


o 
fc- 

cm 


XI 


772.8 
818.2 
863.7 
909.2 
954.6 


o 

CO 
CM 




744.1 
787.9 
831.7 
875.5 
919.3 


o 

lO 


X 

-1 


715.5 

757.6 
709.7 
841.9 
883.9 


o 

CM 


Jo 


686.9 
727.3 
767.7 
808.2 
848.5 


© 
CO 
CM 


1-1 


658.3 
697.0 
735.7 
774.5 
813.2 


o 


X 


629.7 
666.7 
703.7 
740.9 

777.8 


o 

CM 


X 


601.0 
636.4 
671.7 
707.2 
742.5 


O 

o 

CM 


XI 


572.4 
606.1 
639.8 
673.4 
707,1 


'II - 1 
•u; g 
suo 


japu 
o -uu 
:;niOA 


3JBD 


lOOWOlO 
CO Gi OS O O 



74 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 




Improved Combing Machine. 

Our Improved Combing Machine will comb cotton from 
%-inch staple to 2-inch staple without further change than 
setting or timing. This machine contains several features 
which are improvements on our old style machine, consti- 
tuting a great advance, and largely increasing the econom- 
ical value of the machine on all kinds of stock. 

The specialties to be noticed in the construction of this 
machine are as follows : 

Two sets of lifter and nipper cams are used instead of one 
set, as in our old style of machine. By this construction 
torsion of the nipper and lifter shafts is prevented and a 
better nip seciired. The cams have been remodeled so as to 
eliminate the vibrations in the machine to a great extent, 
thereby rendering it possible to obtain a greater production, 
with equal quality, by increasing the speed to ioo nips per 



75 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued, 

minute, where formerly 85 nips were considered the limit. 
The cans are cut by improved machinery, thus securing a 
smooth running motion at any speed. 

The Owen feed roll stop motion (patent applied for) pre- 
vents breakages of nipper bars, half laps, and loss of pro- 
duction due to lap winding about the bottom feed roll. 

A carrying roll is provided on the sliver plate, whereby 
the breakage of sliver before entering the draw -box is 
greatly reduced. 

The circular comb brushes are driven by a variable gearing 
motion of three different speeds to compensate for the wear 
of the brushes. A traverse motion is also applied to the 
brush shaft, whereby the circular comb is cleaned much 
more effectively. 

Half laps and fluted segments are made to templates, and 
are all set concentric with cylinder shaft. All half laps are 
interchangeable, as are also the fluted segments, and they 
will both interchange respectively with those on combing 
machines (of the same size of lap) made by John Hethering- 
ton & Sons. This feature commends itself to manufacturers 
using the Hetherington machines. 

All shafts are supported in heavy bearings that are rigidly 
held, preventing all chances of displacement. The gearing 
is thoroughly guarded by covers. 

All parts of the machine are made accurately to templates 
by the use of improved machinery so that necessary repairs 
will go into place readily without re-fitting. 

The machine is built with six heads to take laps 8^ inches 
wide. A coiler for a 9", 10", 11" or 12" diameter can is fur- 
nished with each machine. 

The speed of the machine depends on the grade of stock 
used and quality of work desired. (See Production Table). 

Directions for the setting and care of this machine will be 
sent on application. 

Pulleys: — 10" diameter by 3" face and run 3.80 revolutions 
for every nip. 

Power: — See Index for chapter on Horse Power. 

Floor Space : — I3'-I^" by 3 / -4". (See Floor Plan). 

Extras Required: — Sliver cans 9" to 12" diameter, 36" high, 
with spring bottoms. Three waste boxes for back of ma- 
chine, to be made of sheet iron, fibre, or wood, of the follow- 
ing dimensions (outside): — 30" long, 12" wide, back 26 // high, 
front 19" high. 



76 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 



"F~ 



M"l" 
ill S 



n 



-„0P > 



1 1 



~~— y03 — -** ^91 > 



77 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 




(I) rG 

3 3 

P ^ 



11 



■C be be a) 
5 c C £ 



I I Li T 



_- — a-" a 



I I 



mj; 



1 I l I 111 I ill 

£Oa<Ota;c/iE-o;>:>X 



> > 



<u o.— 

fiJ 



78 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 




amnios 01 



79 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Continued. 



Draught Table of Combing Machine. 

Table gives total draught between 2| inch lap rolls and 2 inch 
« coiler calender rolls. 



With draw-bead back roll change gear 46 teeth. 

With draw-head front roll change gear 37 teeth. 
Total draught in draw-head 4.41. 

Change gear on coiler connecting shaft 69 teeth. 



Feed Gear. 


Total Draught. 


Feed Gear. 


Total Draught. 


13 Teeth. 

14 

15 

1G 


32.G5 
30.32 
28.30 
26.53 


17 Teeth. 

18 

19 

20 


24.97 
23.58 
22.34 
21.22 



Note: — The change gears on coiler connecting shaft are 
65 to 75 teeth, inclusive, and depending on the draught in the 
draw-head must be such as to take up what the draw-head 
calender roll delivers. 

The draw-head back roll change gears are 44 to 47, in- 
clusive, and should be such that the roll draws the slivers 
along the table as fast as delivered. 

The draught in the' draw-head is usually 4.41 but may be 
changed by changing the front roll change gear. 



8o 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Combing Machinery, Concluded. 



o 
o 

<+-c 

o 



VI 

c« 

M 
CO 

(J 
G 

vG 
o 

c3 



bo 

G 

s 

o 



3 -rH 



ft t* 



a 



1 S 

o <u 

PL, ft 



OJ 

_> 
"to 

CU 

3 
O 

a 

o 

In 

CO 
P*j 

Vh 
0) 

ft 

co 

'3 

I* 

O 


o 




oo o\^chO 10*0 t--oo On O i 
go m moo oi loco h ^nh 


't 0\ ro N CI VO O in On tOCO 
*0 VO J>- C-.00 00 on on on o o 


00 


*0 


<0 Ol ^j-\jD io r^vo lo -^- ro Ol 
O N 't lOCO O cn ttvO 00 O 

nr>H uodi ^-cd oi \d d in 
"O md r^r^r^ooco on on o o 






CO lO'tfOO OMD COO N^- 
h W ro^-lO u-)\0 t^-00 00 ON 
>-> iOC>rONM in d\ co r-*. m 

^o^^o n i>.oo oo oo on on o 


M3 


,0 


coco -^-o lo^vo m \o •-< r 

rOOl N « m m o O0\0\o6 

o^orsM <n on co r>- d rtoo 
myo vo ^ t^ c^oo CO Os ON (On 

00 t-i tJ- 1>, O COM3 ON Ol lOCO 
^- CO n ONOO MD ^-N h o\N 
**- *-* lOCO Ol vd 'd tJ-00 m id 
lOMD VOVO N I>.cO CO CO ON Oi 


VO 




O 




i« 3 ^" L n IS 10 ^°° c* o M 
md «q n^-hco u™oi or-. 

"~ 0\ "-ovo o rj- r-^ ■-< in on oi 
IO lOVO ^O Mn t^co 00 00 ON 


OO 

I/) 


n 


t-*. u") -tf- 01 m CANiOrOH n\ 
Nroo\iOH\o oico -*d- o m 
co r>- o -d-co" »-h inco oi \d o\ 

lO in<0 VO^ONN f-00 CO 00 




.c 


•"•t^^-OVO 0100 ~rf o \o 01~ 
ON cOOO CO O. Ol nO (-H vo o in 
t-« lOCO 01 iO a\ 01 \0 On covo 

in in iomd vo \o t-^ i>. tN.co oo 


io 




>0 O CONh -^-oO Ol \0 O ■<*■ 

o *^-i>.o tJ-i>,o -^- r>. ih ^t- 

O COMD O coMD O COMD O CO 

io m iovd mo md r^ r--. f^cO 00 


m 




M 01 CO lOUD I>.00 On O t-t oi 
N -<d-yD CO O 01 "^vo On H cO 

co — ■^r>.'-i -^-1-^0 cdr^d 
•j- in in in\o \o^o nn r-»co 


o 


.a 


lo-tc^N «h o onoo r-.vo in 

CO ^J- LOMD f>.00 OO ONO m oi 

vd on oi idco t-t -& t^ m -^ r>. 

-d- Td- io iO lT.^O 'Ovo f>lNN 


CO 

-3- 


43 


ovo COOMD COO f-*.*d-'-«00 
io^j-"vf-"^-cococooi Ol 01 i-i 
^ r^. o rOM3 On Ol LOCO M -"d" 

■^r-^j-ioiOLOu-)MDvo«o r^r^. 






"* on co r>- oi >o o ^foo oi vo 
vq ^- ro >-< o oo n it- co oi o 
oi idco ■"-■ -^f-vd cf- ot idco h 
•*t -*t- •& m in m u~>\o vo \o r>. 






ON'-' cOIONCAh cOiOr-^ON 

i>. in oi onmd to ^ co in ot o* 

O COMD CO M Td-f>-ON01 lon 

•**■ -^i- *^r -^t- m in in inyD md *o 


■* 


X3 

J 


■^- co co oi oi w o onoo r>-vo 
ONintn t^cooNinovo 0100 
oo h -^-vd O 4 . m -4- r^ On Ol tJ- 
ro^^'T'^-ininin in\o *o 


o 


^ 


CO IOCOO NTi-«Z) ION ON 

o mo m On -3- On coco co t>. 
r^ On Oi -<d-vd On •-■ ^\d ON m 

ro co Tt ^ ■* tj- m io io tn«o 


•34 


nuicu j 
sd !N 


3d 


mo mo mo mo mo m 
r-.oo co o\o\o o h h o N 



3 
ft 

bo 

g 

H3 



Si 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



railway Heads, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works. 




Double Railway Head. 

This machine has been remodeled, and improvements in- 
troduced as experience in past years has suggested. We 
build the heads in single deliveries, or two deliveries are 
placed on one table, in which case each delivery is entirely 
independent of the other. The machines are arranged to 
double any number of ends up to ten into one. 

The Steel Rolls are made with 8" bosses. There are four 
lines of these rolls; the front one is \V%" diameter, and the 
others are i% // diameter. A leather covered, shell front, top 
roll is used; the other top rolls are solid unless otherwise or- 
dered. An improvement in the weighting of the top rolls is 
provided, whereby, in case of a lap-up, the pressure on the 
top rolls can be taken off by the relieving motion much more 
effectively than formerly. Direct or lever weighting of top 
rolls as preferred. Metallic drawing rolls can be supplied 
when ordered. Campbell Ball Bearing Rolls are also furnished 
when desired. The back rolls are positively driven by bevel 
gears and upright shaft from the bottom cone shaft, and the 
front roll is driven from the top cone shaft through a train of 
spur gears. 



82 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, R C, 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



The Calender Roll Motion has been remodeled by substi- 
tuting an extra heavy self weighting top roll in place of the 
screw clamps for increasing the pressure between the calen- 
der rolls. Perfect condensation of the sliver is obtained, and 
in case of a lap-up of the calender rolls the top roll can be 
released with much less trouble than by the former method. 
In combination with this heavy top roll we use our patented 
auxiliary swinging roll, the purpose of which is to turn the 
sliver downward into the coiler snout, thus avoiding the 
necessity of threading the coiler snout. 

Mechanical Stop-Motions of a simple and reliable nature 
are provided for the back, front, and full can. In the back 
stop-motion a roll is placed just forward of the sliver spoons 
for the purpose of keeping all the slivers at the same tension. 
The distance of the spoons from the back roll is such that 
the machine is stopped before a broken end goes in, and 
piecing up is very readily accomplished. Our patented front 
stop-motion is effective in case of a lap-up of rolls or the 
trumpet becoming choked up. The full-can stop-motion is 
operated by the pressure of the cotton in the can against the 
face plate of coiler. In case of an extra high speed of the 
machine an automatic brake motion is provided for the 
driving pulley. 

The Evener Motion is very effective in responding in- 
stantly to the variations in the weight of sliver owing to the 
use of a coarse threaded screw, a wider cone belt, and an ef- 
ficient cone belt binder. 

All gears are cut to give quiet and easy running and are 
thoroughly guarded with covers which can be conveniently 
opened for cleaning or oiling purposes. 

Driving Pulleys: — $>%" to lb" diameter, i" and 3" face. 

Can Tables: — For io // , n // , I2 // , and 14" diameter cans. 

Floor Space, without cans at the back: — Single Head overall, 
3 / -i^ // by z'-T&". Double Head, s'-io" by o'-VA"- 



33 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued, 




Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued, 



5 Eft (48- 

OR 
24j V'4- 



So 



Z PI Ig'BACK ROLL p~ T 

= a . m 



ZZQ i!"fr ont roll tlJ 
r-^ 



05 



2|"cale:nder rolls 



44 




Diagram of Gearing of Coiler Railway Head. 



85 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



Draught Table of Coiler Railway Head 

With Upright Shaft. 

Table showing total Draught between Back Roll and 
Calender Roll. 



Diameter of 



Back Roll, 1\ inches. 
Calender Roll, 21 inches. 
Back Roll Bevel Gear, 48 Teeth. 

Upright Shaft Top Bevel, 14 Teeth. 



Change Pinion 


Draught with 


Draught with 


on Cone. 


Common Rolls. 


Metallic Rolls. 


14 T. 


3.64 


2.64 


15 


3.90 


2.83 


16 


4.16 


3.02 


17 


4.42 


3.21 


18 


4.68 


3.39 


19 


4.94 


3.58 


20 


5.20 


3.77 


21 


5.46 


3 96 


22 


5.72 


4.15 


23 


5.98 


4.34 


24 


6.24 


4.53 


25 


6.50 


4.71 


26 


6.76 


4.90 


27 


7.02 


5.09 


28 


7.28 


5.28 


29 


7.54 


5.47 


30 


7.80 


5.66 


31 


8.06 


5.85 


32 


8.32 


6.03 


33 


8.58 


6.22 


34 


8.84 


6.41 


35 


9.10 


6.60 


36 


9.36 


6.79 



In the above table, the draught with metallic rolls is only 
approximately correct, and will generally vary -with weight 
of sliver, etc. 



86 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



o 

■+-> 

PQ 



^5 



C! 
O 

■+-> 

o 

O 

5-1 

P-, 



Rev. of Front Roll 
per Min. 



bo 




a 








■s 




o 




(S 












3 




O 




o 






^" 






>> 


> 












!/) 






o o 






O 


■■"■ bo 


^ 


T3 .5 


cS 


ri'° 


l>s 


•a . 

o W) 


<D 


a 'c 


O 








e 














W u, 


CO 




« 






irl 


£ " 


u 


Id " 


O 


C4 ° 


=H 




o 


-a p< 




3« 


4) 


o 


," 


u 


s 


fj 


3 


3 









bO 












£ 




o 




X 




,«) 




X> 




rt 




H 





•^ o 



O 



go 

opi 

o 



o M 
O 



So 



O 



s ° 
o 



0) p^ 



S3 
a 



PI o 
O 



HO-JI 1U04^ JO A3^ 



oiooooiooiooiooiQOiooioomomo 
oHW-f-t-oocqcoiocxciH^-fint-ooo 



t-OCO^COH^I>OWCD(»H'tt>0^iqcOHiJ 

CM tJI CO C© rH CO 1Q t> OS rH CO tO X © M-fvMOWiQ 

^■^-^TfiiOiOiO^lOO^CDCOt-t-b-t-b-OOCCCO 



■O-f OO^t-H^t-Hf b-H^t-H^t-t 



? i -n <- l- - C ^ f iO I 



- :■: c c ;i- CHoo*tOhco 

• lONWiOt-OOOWCOiQ 



^i*^^^iaioioiflioiotoco<ot 



. _ x © cm -r © x r. t-h :- i© t-^-HCOiflt- 
CO "11 't ^ f -t iO IT. LC Li O O O O tO '^ O t- t> t- t* 



t- r~i cd th co* h d h w d o c o d -t oi rii oj ■*' c: ^ 
O h N -t c r.- x © f-i c~ -* © i- ©. — i— i co -^ cd t- as 
cMcocococococo^^^^rr.-^-Hioioi©ii©iioi©)io 



WI>Hiftq^QqN©Ciaffie0t>T-(lCiO5^00M!O 

co io cd © co id oi © t-" id oi ai i — POioicd-H^T-iascd 
■# © cc c h :: i© i- x © : i :■: i© t - ©. © oi -* cd t- as 

COCOCOTf-^TjiTti'^-^iOiCiOiOiOiCiCDCDCDCDCDCD 



COt^O^COrHiqc^C-lCDOCOt-O'^COT-tlOOiCNlCD 

- X r. c :i :o -r - h x c h *i -r c - * qoincc 

CNC^C^COCOCOCOCOCOCO"*-^-r , rprt<'^-rJ*r^iOlC)iQ 



coH«oqioq>oq^arija , djooMoocooqcib;« 

C»ldoCCiH^C>Jco"cdcC*rl*a>OOcdrHt^NCo"c005 
O C 1 ! -f LO L- X C H X 'f © L- O H C-4 -t lO t- X' O H 
COCOCOCOCOCOrfiT^^^Tji-^-fiiOiOlOiClOlOCDCD 



CO -* CD t- X ~ — CM ;" -f- k~ © X © SHfMCOiQCDt- 
CMC^CMO^OICMCOCOWCOCOCOCOC^-^-Ji^tFtF'HH'HH 



q-j;qiriHqoii>MciO'jtq'tqoHCO(Nt-Moo 

O * CC 1 H IC "X 01 id OS 01 ©' © CO t- © ^ t-" r-i ■Hj'i CO rH 

t> co a h :i :: l- ^ l- r. c h :: -t* * i- co o h (N ■# 

CMCMCMCOCOC^COCOCOCO^rfTjH-H^T^-jiioiOiOlO 



OSCOt^i^lOOSCOIC^rHiOOS©l©©^c0 01©©Tt<CO 

t^ go od as as* os cd © r-H th i-h oi oi co co co" ** tj" id id id 

o i-t cm co -v id i- x-Chci :■: -r i© •ji-mooh 

CNCNG^CMCN^CMO^C'lCOC^COCOCOlCOCOCOCOCO'^'CP 



co -f< i© cd l- © © t-h oi :~ -t- i© t- x as o * . _ . 

CMCMCNCNC^O^COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO'^'^-^-cP-'Cti^ 



w h q q co oo t> q lo o co n h o q oi co t- to ia -t 

CO L- CD -j" CO OI i-H © OS CO t-" CD id -K CM* rH CD OS CO L^ CD 

t- co as © t-h ©i co -+f !- -ci-x a. c i-i ©i cm co -^ io 

H H H W CN CM CS1 M CS M ©1 CM 01 ©ICOCOCOCOCOCOCO 

iqcMasiqoiascqo^a5©coascDco©coco©t--co© 

CO CO CI CM CI H H H C © © ~ © ©J © X CO CX t^ t' N 

OS © i-H CM CO -h 10 -^ I - x © - D tH CM CO -f lO CD t- CO 
tHCM0^CMCMC^C>101CvICMCMO100COiCOC0C^C0C0C^ 

iQq^ccwqwoqeooocNqq»oqcoi>Nqq 
coidcdocoidcdot^idcM©t^idcMast^^c^cftb^ 
-t< o cd t— t-~ x © © © i-i oi c" :- -r to 10 © t— co co OS 

i-H i-H i-H i-H tH i-l rH CM CM CM Ol CM 01 01 CM CM CM CM CM CM CM 

coiqcooooiqcMcqt^iccMasi^r^c^^cD^rHas 

-P CM ©* CO id ^i i-H OS © -p CM ©' I- id CO CD CO CD -^ rH OS 

i0 — i- i- /. r.cccHCi:: :i -t- <o — i- l- x © © © 

i^rHiHi-ti-HiHCMCMCMC>lCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCMCOCO 

»^i>qq^^i;wM«HTHqqqoocot-t-(0 

CO rj5 O CD 01 CO' -1^ © © 01 'X* -^ ©* © CM L- CO OS id rH t-^ 
rH CM CO CO -* HH UO © © L- L- X CO. © © ChhTI CO CO 
1-HrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHrHCMOlCMOlCMCMCM 



© lO © lO © i© ©i© © i© © l0 © l0 © i© OiflOlOO 

© rH co -t © i - ©. © :i :: i- © x ©. r- oi -r- 1© t- co o 

cococococococo^^Tr-rp'^Tr'^i©i©i©ioio^:cD 



87 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



DRAWING FRAMES, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works. 




Six Delivery Head. 

Our Coiler Drawing Frame is built from new and improved 
patterns and is of an unusually strong and substantial design. 
The coilers and can tables are made for io // , n // and xi" 
cans. 

The Drawing Rolls, all of crucible steel, are in four lines, 
16 inches in length from centre to centre of stands, and 
made for all slivers to run on a single boss for each delivery. 
The bottom front roll is \Y% ,r diameter, the back and middle 
rolls are \y%" diameter. Roll bearing stands are provided 
with brass steps, which are easily renewed when worn out. 
Metallic drawing rolls can be supplied when ordered. Also 
Campbell Ball Bearing Rolls will be furnished when speci- 
fied. The top rolls are made with loose end bearings which 
possess the advantage of being easily and quickly oiled 
without the necessity of removing the rolls or stopping the 
machine ; they also cause less friction as the weight hooks 
or saddles are not in contact with the moving surfaces of the 
rolls. Direct weighting of top rolls is used in connection 
with an efficient relieving motion. 



88 



Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



The Calender Rolls are made of steel, 3 inches in diameter 
and 26 inches long; the driving calender roll runs in fixed 
bearings, while the outer calender roll bearings are movable 
in inclined bearing seats, by means of which the weight of 
the roll effects a thorough condensation of the sliver. 

The Draught Gear is easily and quickly changed by means 
of a swivel adjusting stand, which is always concentric with 
the front roll gear. The draught between front and calender 
rolls may be varied to a very small degree to suit the stock 
and weather changes by the use of compensating gears of 
large diameters for which purpose change gears are pro- 
vided. 

Stop Motions are mechanical throughout, and consist of 
back, front, and full-can motions. All are simple and 
effective in action and are not likely to get out of order. 
Our patented full-can stop-motion is operated by only a 
slight pressure of the cotton on the face plate of the coiler 
when the can becomes filled. This feature will be appre- 
ciated as the cans are never overfilled nor is the cotton so 
closely packed into the can as to injure its quality in subse- 
quent operations. 

Can Tables are so arranged as to hold cans 36" high 
without the necessity of cutting into the floor. 

The Roll Gears having machine cut teeth insures an easy 
and quiet running machine. All gearing is thoroughly 
guarded with covers thereby providing against accidents to 
the operators. 

The Driving Pulleys on the lower shaft are from 8" diam- 
eter to i6 r/ diameter, from i%" face to $%" face, and run 
one revolution to 1 , 5 T revolutions of front roll. 



3 9 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 







Floor Space, exclusive of driving pulleys and sides of frames, 
tables a/' wide, and lengths as follows : 

3 lengths of rolls, 3 boss. Whole length of table, 5'-8" 3 deliveries. 

4 ' 4 "' " " " 7'-°" 4 

5 " " " 5 " '* " " " 8'-4 5 „ 

To obtain length of frame over all, add 17" to table lengths above. 

To economize floor space two or more tables may be coupled 
together. 



90 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



OX 



= | 'i'l-ir 



TING ROLL 



2=L 




Oi=f=i} 

10 fix 



X 

LJ'r? 



3"CALENDER rolls 

NOTE: C SI0NIF1ES COMMON ROLLS. 
M »» METALLIC 

Diagram of Gearing of Coiler Drawing Frame, 
with 3-in. Calender Rolls. 



9i 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued, 



0» 












*— 1 

9 


£<2 


D^ 


g 






5h _i 


!r g , 


q - 1 






<^ |V| 




*-* CD 
<1 13 


£ £ 


U s 


■5"S 








HH 






CO ^ 


13 -f 


_ «3 




*EJ _ 


rt 


•VI O 


O 


£ « 


faO 


w -g 








3 w 


a 


*< m 


g 


CD 



U 


bA £ 




G CD 




^ 




^ ^3 




*H M 




Q 3 




fn 




ft) M 


a3^J 


O il 


SCO 


u e 




"s 


"o v. 


ft) 2 


K-S 






._<*> to 


oJH 






C3 




-M H 




v£ 


V 


b/> 


% 


3 


s 


«i 




*H 





Q 





■3.1* *3 



? 



3 3 c; 

go 

P 



O -t" -H I - M X I 



'»HOOO(NOC- 



ococoH-fcio-f-riot 



-r in — l— x r. o w ci c~ -t< 10 c n 00 ci o 

CM 1 Ol 04 C 1 4 CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO Tf 



p 



So 




-p co -r l- 01 co t- x iH" f j:notonH 



I-HCCCCO-I'DOLO^COCHIOOIOCI 



-t< 10 ^ t- x — o *-< 01 c: -:■> 1- r ~ t-aoo 
01040401 oi r 4 :o co : : :'. :o :o co co co co •* 



2^ 
P 



? ij 

P 



c: to K i> n O CO o c N c o : 



; co o co o o 1 



Tf LO O t> a — ■ — t-h ? 1 :0 -f< O O L- 'X' ~ o 
W (M (N CI - 1 ? I " CO co CO CO CO CO CO CO CO -^ 



92 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



o 

u 

(J 

CI rt 
o ° 

^* 

U S3 



ro 



o 



in M 
[T. pi 

C 0) 



O o 

u H 



ft) 

v— I 

to 

h 

bo 

a 



■2 g 
« o 


<u 
H 

c- 
t-l 

rt 
U 

o 

<u 

M 

13 
rt 
JS 

U 

o 
f^ 

m 


111 
P 




* o ,; 




ClCHHOC5QOHM«lOt-ONlO 

whocoo©ioio^cO(Nhoog;oo 


lOOiO^**'^rr*^'^ , "T |, ^-^Tri'rf>COCO 


•£■5 


rt oj 


H 


rt 

0) 

o 

Ml 
.5 


-2 

(U 
OJ 

H 

rt 
u 

o 

ho 

c 
rt 
XI 

CJ 

"o 
P4 

m 


"111 

rt<; 

Q 


OCOCOt-COCjON'*OQ(NLOCM^ 


P. 
E 
o 
O 


* ° oj 

III 




ctsoio-^cocccoco-^ot-cii-i-^t-o 

rlOG-.OOt-CilOTj<CO(NHOO©COQO 


.J3 
yl u 


bo ^ 


■5 

4) 

H 


AS 


,d 

OJ 

<u 

H 
a> 

CO 

rt 

o 

Ml 

c 
rt 
-C 

U 

rt 

e 


A 




rt rt 

pacj 

U 

i 

rt 

s 


p o ,A 

go 
A 


HOCOt-OOCOr-K'CiHWtOcOH^' 
HOOCt-COClT)*CO^lHHOC5COXt- 


M>C 

rt rt 

5^ 


H 

HM^)'fift«ot>coaiOH(N«'tirs!n 

1 



93 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 





V 






I.J 






o J 

Z.J 










n3 








- 






tl 






o 





5o 

&*$ 
oo 

Jjf 
[] 



FR ONT 

t=QD 

ROLL 



o5 
O tf> 



3 2- 

2 8- 
24- 







[ lj~ ljJj"RACK ROLL. o_ 


-"J 


•Hj^i ^ 


u2 


^«m cQL 


o= 



13 ->?o 



^ 3 '|Vrq 



NT ROLL 



n 




oS'-H 
^0 n 



Note. — C signifies Common Rolls. 
M " Metallic 

Diagram of Gearing of Coiler Drawing Frame, 
with 2j4-in. Calender Rolls. 



94 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C, 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 



& 

*3 d 

a o 



o 






W o 

C d 

| W 

Du a; 

■^^ cu 

b/> £ 

C CD 

If 

Q | 

rS ° 

U h 

MH CO 



J- -S 

bfl 







x 








1™ « 






J3 


O0t-HOJO^OC1C1H100COM i-tas ns Oi 






.x: ^7: 


OHOO-#N01t-;-tClHO;CO^lO Tj*c^ i-H O 


^"o 


H 


sJIJPi 


cdixJioidio-^-^^^-^cocococo Moj co co 


Pi* 


CO 


2^ 





o fl 


CO 










1 s 


rt 


J3 










"aj S 


O 


'S c 
** o ,; 




sS 


(U 




0CtNNt0^^OO!Dl0t-O^OO^(MH 


bo 


C^lOO^Ot^-^CSOSt^lOCOC^OOt^COlOTf 


-■5 


rt 


t^COSOCOlOlClOTjH^rji^^TjHCOCOCOCOCO 




J= 


2o 





"I'l 


o 




•5-S 












a; a> 


rt 


"O u 


-G 


hH 


Al 


P4 M^ 


H 


CO t- 


ni 


•;!« 


CO Tti 


pq 


°o^ 


10«Otr-C0 05 0rHCSICO-t<in«>b-COC5 0iH<M 






T-Hi-li-lT-li-ICMCSlCSCNOJCSlCNXMCNlcqcOCOCO 


b 




fa 




O 




X 




W> 


jj 


*■-,* 




C 




KlOHH^OOOOOOCOK^HCit-t-t-QO 






"111 


Hl^-tHOjiJWHCCfl^lO'liWrHOCJM 




H 


^iQidio^^Tii^TtimcoTOcococorocNicNi 


ft 


CO 


Q 




s 

o 


rt 






^ 




U 


a 


1 °^2" 






<u 


111 


COCOCOlOlCCS^CNICq-^t^r-tt-COrHajCOCO 






1-COClO^COOCO^WOOlt-tDlOCONrl 




rt 


ooioicioio^^-^i-^-^coc<jcocococ«ico 







So 







Pi 








"o a 


-s 




.* 


Pi 60 C 


CL> 




rt 




H 




m 


cxo 








2u 


.J3 




fa 




"J 




£ 




C<m' 




'?•" » 






J3 




QlfllflffllO'*lOt-Ht-«HOOC5OHC0 




O 


■S.S'o 


«oi>'tcjqoo i »io«(NHqoct'CDOi.o 


„'P< 




3 "(2 


lOiOTtH^^^co^cococococ^cqcioA^c^ 


"3 t- 

F— 1 rj-J 


CN 













^ s 




X 




rt13 


a 


!> O uj 




«'J 


<u 




icooiO'sot-iftocowt-coT-iaQOoocca 


"o 


to 


Qiq^C5l>'tWO*t-lC'*COHCCDClOt- 


o 

Pi 


so 






e 

.2 


Pi tOu 




3 


rt 


C rt 


H 




PQ 


So 


lOOt'COOiOHiMCO'rfiC^Ot'COOOH "si 






HHHHH<N(NM^W(NlM(NiM(MCOCOCO 






fa 





95 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Continued. 





bo 

> 

13 

3 
O 

o 
rt 

4) 

§i 

0) 

c „ 
"" 00 

■a a 

II 

P w 
P..S 

•» s 

m£ 
c 

'is e 

n! S 

■3 & 

§3 

o 

Oi 
rH 
-Q 
S 
fl 
SO 

.9 

o 

J3 

n! 
H 


0) 

_> 
02 

<4H 
O 

rH 

^ 

c 
o 

fi 

EC 

C 

"3 

u 

o 

o 

*h 
Q\) 

2 


1c- 




235.5 
244.9 
254.3 
263.8 
273.2 
282.6 
292.0 
301.4 
310.9 
320.3 
329.7 
339.1 
348.5 
358.0 
367.4 
376.8 
386.2 
395.6 
405.1 
414.5 
423.9 




OPh 

o 


©b^rj* T Hoo*cdco©t~rj"cMc^coco"©o6in'c^cftco'Tt* 
x x ~ z> c rH oi co oo -roo — t- x x o. cd cd rn cm 


O 
0$ 


o 
tr- 




» ffl Tt C| q » O fl< H Si I- C « rl C N lO T. H 00 O 
CS 00 b- CD in 00 01 rH CD X* t^ CO in -}* OI rH © OS X CO ICO 

H OJ CO -f IO C L" CO CI Ci C H OI CO -t Lt ^^t-COO) 
CNCC1CNCNCC1C<IC<1CNCNi.<1COCOCOCOCOC0C0COCOCOCO 


rH 


op-* 


©t-HHOlOSCOOOCOOinCClCSCOHHrHOOinCN©^^ 
XrMrHXrl>rH001OrHXinrHXincM00inCMO5lDCM 
— t- X X O. © © rH 01 CM CO -p-f LOCCt-XXCIO 
rHiHr-li-lr-lcMCNCCICClCClCNCNCNCNCNCNCNCNOqCMCO 


G 


io 




rHC0T}«CO00©rHCMrHCDt-C^rHC<lrcMCOI0-OSr-ICMH« 


U 

♦ 

q 

CO 


HHC^©0OCOrMC0rHCSt-inc0CM©00CDH<CMrHCSt-- 
CHMM CO -M I- ^^NX^Cr^rH oi oo -r m in CD 
CN|CNCM01CC1C<1CMCM01CNCC|OC1COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO 


U 


©CMlCI^©CMrJ<l>.OS^rHCOOSrHH*COCOrHCOcqoq 
©*CM^-cM'rH^CO©inOC*:x'-CM©t-'cOOSinc4o6rJ*c' 
i-O CD CD l-XX-^CHH OI CO CO -CM -M in CD CD t- 00 


o 


-J'o 


iiqioqiOHqc-it^^icccoco^q^qioqqH 

Oo' lO CO i-I 00 CO CO rH CO CO CO i-< 00 CD CO rH 05 CD Tt> rH oi 
X ?. CHHCI CO -CM -CM O CD t- t- X CC O O *-* O-l CO CO 
r-l iH CM CM CM OI CM Ol M OJ CM CNI CM CN CM CO CO CO CO CO CO 


H-» 




OCOiqCOOOOCOCOrHCOCDCOrHCncq^CMCt>;'*cM 
TPC^lOrHt^CMOOT^OljrjrHt^COod^OCOCMt^COCfi 

■t -t o co ct t- t- x o cc c c h rt ci co cc -f -t in in 




•> 


iO 
iO 


*J*o 


t-CDlO-cMCO^CMrHrHOOOOOtr-CDlO'^COCMTHOOCCi 
CMOiCDCOOt--^»HOO'^i-(OOlIOCMC7CiCDCOOt-TjiO 
t- t- 00 CTC CD O rH CM 03 CO -V -M IO CD CD t-XOCOJOrH 
t-( tH tH rH CM CM CM 03 Ol Oa 03 Ol 0-3 CM CM CM CM CM CM CO CO 


a 
.a 

Q 

O 


o=h 
U 


OCOCOOOTHH^t^OCMlOOOTHHjH^CftCMirOoqOCOCD 
CMI^'cMt^COOOCOO-^CTi^OlOOlCOrHCDiHt^CMt^ 

• " ' : -. io z _ i - i - • - r. d r — — : i c i : -. : c 




o 

iO 




qeoqi»TH*^qNio»HH/(DoiNiqooccoq 

t^Co'cilCCM'oo'H^rHt^CO*C7icOcMOCrJHTHt^COOCOcM 

uo cd cd l- x x cr. c ~ rH rH c i co co ^- io in co t- t- oo 


U 


q oo q h^ n q » q rjj n o co co rji oi o co q tjj oi q 

O -CH OI -CM* OS "CM x' CO X CO x' Ol t-^ OI C- OI CD r-< CD rH CO 

oi oi oi co co -r -r m m cd cd i- l- < r r r. c o h h 




-* 




COCDCDCOcqcDCMCJSinCMXinTHOOHHr^t-H^Ot-CO 
rH t-* CM* 00 -i^ OS in O CD* OI t-^ CO OS -d* CD CD tH t-" CO 00 HH 

-h -cm in in cd cd i- x x cr. — co o r- :i:i :: c- -m -t* in 


§hh 
"J 


OCOCOOCOCOOSCMCOOSCMinoOMinXCMTlHoOrHr* 

oo oq cd rH in ~ ro x oi cd rH in os -cm x cm t— th in o rf 

CD rH rH Ol Ol 01 00 CO HH hh 10 in in CD CD t- L- 00 CO OS OS 






G 
O 

»»H 
H-» 

o 
*T5 


o 




cOCCCOt-t-t-t-OOOOCCCOOQCSffiOOCOriH 


LOOincincinoioomoinomHCOHcoHco 

Ol CO CO -CM -M LO in CD CD t- t- X' X DC CO C' O rH rH OI CM 




Of* 

U 


ooqt^inH^c^oosi^-cDH^cciTHOscocq'rHCOTHOoo 

CD* OS* CO t- rH in OS 01 CD CD -CM X* Ol iC OS CO t-^ rH in OS CM 

CSCSOOrHrHrHOlOlCOCOCO-rHHHHiOincOCDCOt- 




O 

rH 

Ql, 


lO 

CO 


«-*"o 
-h'mh' 
2 


OSC0t--rHinc^C0t--THinOSC0t--Cq-CMX M©Ohqo 

crs rf oo* co t^ rH cd o* in ol co x* oi i>" rn in CD HH OS CO t-" 

O rH rH Ol Ol CO CO -CM -H Hi IO in CD CD t- I- X X' X OS OS 






6^ 
o 


Or^t^rH-H^oqCMlCOSCNlcqOCOt-.OrJiCOrHinoOCM 
-CMt^O-^t^OrJ*t-*CDH^t^rH^t^rHHit-.'rH-CM't^rH 

00 00 OS OS O. O CD CD rH rH rH Ol Ol Ol CO CO CO -CM -M -fi lO 








tI°H 


1U0J 




A9^ 


OOOOCOOOOOOOOOOCDOOOOOO 

in "D i- x o. cd rH c-i co -m in cd t- x r. oh :i :o -« 10 

C^C^C^CqC^OOOCCOWCOCOCOCOOOCO-H^THrJiriH^rH 



96 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Drawing Machinery, Concluded* 



,23 

2 
J 



a 

a 



a 
o 

o 

"HO 

o 

Oh 



bo 

P 

'% 
O 

"<3 

3 
O 
.4 

o 
"o 

&■ 

T3 
<U 

o a 
c „ 

s"o 

g M> 

ft.3 

s| 

w u 

m.2 

c 

•S & 

§s 

o 
ft, 

)H 

<D 
.ft 

s 

3 

a 

M) 

'1 
o 

3 

H 


<4-H 

o 

Fh 
cS 

>J 

<D 

S 

o 

.s 

DO 

C 

'3 

m 

O 
o 

Sh 
03 

s 

6 






co co co x' x t^ t~ t>^ d d id ift ift -* -)< co co co oi cm' 1-4 

:t -t- ,o o c- x ~ co y— ci co -r io co t- x co o t-h oi co 

(NO^C^KNCJ^C-lCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO-r^-t 1 '-^ 


s3 

o2i 
O 


179.9 
187.1 
194.3 
201.5 
208.7 
215.9 
223.1 
230.3 
237.5 
244.7 
251.9 
259.1 
2C6.3 
273.5 
280.7 
287.9 
295.1 
302.3 
309.5 
316.7 
323.8 


o 

*- 


^■"o 

£& 


CiaMOOXb-b-OOlOlOlOTtl^CCnNfM^HH 

w^HOCixt-oio^nwHOoxt-oio-tn 
oi o: -r i" i" o c- x r. CH:i::-ft ,o co i- x co cc 

(MC<lC<»C<l!MCQCQ(M(NCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^ 


s3 
6* 


00«OC010NClfflWH(»10NCi^'*HQD10« 


107 
174 
181 
188 
194 
201 
208 
214 
221 
228 
235 
241 
24S 
255 
201 
208 
275 
2K2 
288 

295 
302 


lO 


45 p< 

e5 


207.9 
216.3 
224.6 
232.9 
241.2 
249.5 
257.8 
266.2 
274.5 
282.8 
291.1 
299.4 
307.7 
316.1 
324.4 
332.7 
341.0 
349.3 
357.6 
366.0 
374.3 


s'3 

oft 
U 


155.9 
162.1 
168.3 
174.6 
180.8 
187.0 
193.3 
199.5 
205.8 
212.0 
218.2 
224.5 
230.7 
236.9 
243.2 
249.4 
255.6 
261.9 
268.1 
274.3 
280.6 


o 
o 




Ol^WOt^COCI^-iJO^ilHt-^HCOlOHMlO 

i-h d l- id oi d x' id co t-h x' d -p i-h t. t- -^ oi o r^ id 

~ ~ o w ~i :- :" -v ,- u --^ l- x ~ — — t-^ M :c co -f 
ih in M ?4 c-5 ci c) ;i nn m ^i ci ;i m rc n n co m n 




CiO-^i-(C50-t<rHOO-^lTH!CCit--tH'MC3t»'^C<lC^ 


COOiinHaM»'tC110T-lt-(N00^01QHt-COX 
-f -f O CO -^ t~ L- X X ~ O O ^^ ^^ c 1 :C CO -1- -T uO i-O 
HHHHrtHHHrHHClNNOlCJMlNClNMCl 




45 (^ 


175.9 
183.0 
190.0 
197.1 
204.1 
211.1 
218.2 
225.2 
232.2 
239.3 
246.3 
253.4 
260.4 
267.4 
274.5 
281.5 
288.5 
295.6 
302.6 
309.7 
316.7 


o35 
U 


<33C<llOOOOCOtDC»e^-*t-OC01ftOOrH-*COa>C-lift 

i-< i- oi t-^ co x co x' -* co -# d ift d id t-5 cc i-h co oj t-^ 

co co -r^ -^ ,0 uo c j i - t- ;c r. r. c o ih h 03 oi co co 


o 


"a! 


OCOt^THlftC5COt-;rHlftCOCOtC-rHlftGOCOt--THlftC5 
C CC C<i CO Ift rH xi ■* t-< l-^ cd d ccj co' CO id o! x" id rH t~ 
o cc t- t- x co co co t-, t-h : i :c :c — — ,o — — t- x x 


CJ 


05lc-lftC0r-*a5tc-lftC0rH0it-lftC0rHC0b-lftC<lOXl 
OS Tf CO -f< CO CO XOOXWt-CJhOlt-HOHOHO 
T-H M Ol CO CO -V -p O ICC ^ cc t- L- X X CO CO CO C3 tH tH 


I© 


*: o 


Ob-lOfNOlyiqMOCOlOWHCO^COHCOCOTHH 
^C5 1ftT^l^t>i»rJHdldrHt^O0X-'+ddTHb^CO-CTi 

■ " -" :i-i-j r - : : : i : c : : -r -r lo lo ' 




U 


COC^lftCCC<JlftoqTH'*t-;0-^b.oCOCOCOCOCDCOC<l 

t- ol ;ft cc ,o co :o x o 3 :c th id co -p x* ol d th id co -^ 
chth cicici:: co -r -r ,o to uo — c i- l- ^ x x co 




o 


•J "3 

^5rt 


128.0 
133.1 
138.2 
143.3 
148.4 
153.6 
158.7 
163.8 
168.9 
174.0 
179.1 
184.3 
189.4 
194.5 
199.6 
204.7 
209.9 
215.0 
220.1 
225.2 
230.3 


P o 
U 


CiOO!D10CONOOOt-10'^(MOCJt'0 , *0]Hfflt> 


ICC CO CO t- rH ICC CO 01 CO CC -P x' 0-i UO CO CO t^ rH id 00 d 
02 05 O OHHH 01 01 CO CO CO -t- -f -f UO uO CC Co CO t- 




CO 


ST 


112.0 
116.4 
120.9 
125.4 
129.9 
134.4 
138.8 
143.3 
147.8 
152.3 
156.8 
101.2 
165.7 
170.2 
174.7 
179.1 
183.6 
188.1 
192.6 
197.1 
201.5 


3* 


OC)COt^OT^t^rHlftCO'C5lfta5(NCOOCOt-Ort<t--TH 

edt^d^t^d-#t^OT^i:^d-*t^t-H , TiHrc-TH-Tit^T-i 

CC 00 OS OS Oi O O O t-, Y-, t-, 01 01 01 CO CO CO -f of" -f lO 


1 1I°H 


•mjA 

JUD-l 




" A3 H 


ooooooooooooooooooooo 
.ooi-/: ~ — ^ c i :c -t, o co t- x cc co t-h ol co -t 1 in 

CSCMCqc^iOlCOCOCOC0C0C^COCOC<0C0^-#-Jl-I'-aliCH 



97 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

SLUBBING, INTERMEDIATE, ROVING 
AND JACK FRAMES, 

Manufactured by 

Woonsocket Machine and Press Co, 




For more than twenty years prior to 1S88 these frames were 
built and sold by the City Machine Co. of Providence, 
R. I. 

In 1888 the Woonsocket Machine and Press Co. bought 
and removed to their works in Woonsocket, R. I., all of the 
patents, both old and new style, special machinery, jigs, etc., 
for the manufacture of the frame ; since which time we have 
by way of improvements been able to supply the market 
with a first-class machine. 

Among the most notable of the improvements was the in- 
troduction of the 1891 single gear horse head, doing away 
with a great portion of the (commonly called) back lash, and 
the necessity of small high speed gearing, together with the 
device by which we did away with an enormous amount of 
friction, necessarily caused heretofore by the compound 
sleeve revolving in an opposite direction from the main 
shaft. 

These, as well as a number of other patented improve- 
ments in the same year, were eclipsed in 1894 by the inven- 
tion and introduction of the "vertical shaft," doing away 
with the horse head entirely, and getting a positive drive be- 
tween the main and bobbin shafts, through an angle shaft, 
vertical shaft, and sliding gear, thereby giving an even ten- 
sion to the roving at all points of the traverse — a thing that 
is impossible with the horse head or train of gears following 
the rail up and down. 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery , Continued. 



In 1895 Daly's Differential Motion and our Patent Contact 
Gearing were added, Steel Clearer Covers and Steel Casings 
in 1896, Steel Draft Gear Bonnet and Safety Cone Catch in 
1897, and in 1898 our Patent Self-Oiling Spindle Step and 
Campbell's Ball Bearing Top Roll ; making, as we believe, 
the most complete, up-to-date Fly Frame on the market. 




Vertical ana Angle Shaft. 

One of the important parts in the manipulation of cotton 
is to avoid all possible stretch, especially an uneven stretch, 
which leaves the roving light and heavy at intervals, and it 
has been the object of every machine manufacturer to over- 
come what is known as the '"give and take" on a roving 
frame, which is caused by the horse head. The horse head 
has two motions ; one is the rotary motion given to the gear- 
ing, and one the traverse motion given to the horse head by 
the traverse of the rail to which one end of the horse head is 
attached, while the rail, traversing the intermediate on the 
head, is traveling around the gear on the main shaft, and also 
around the gear on the bobbin shaft, either against the mo- 
tion of said gear or with the motion, according to the direc- 
tion in which the rail is traveling. 



99 



LofC. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 



The makers of what is known as the large intermediate 
gear horse head claim that with that system they set the 
main or jack shaft exactly in the center of the traverse of the 
rail, so that the rail goes the same distance above the shaft 
as it does below, and their claim is that the gear of the bob- 
bin shaft takes up or lets off what the sleeve gear lets off or 
takes up, according to the motion of the rail. Theoretically, 
this may seem correct, but practically it is far from being so, 
especially in frames where the sleeves or bell gear is larger 
than the bobbin-shaft gear, say as a proportion of 50 to 37 ; 
it will be seen that it will be impossible for the 37-tooth gear 
to take up or let off what the 50-tooth gear will give it. The 
result, therefore, is an uneven stretch to the roving, not so 
much noticed on fine as on coarse frames, but nevertheless it 
is there. Also, there is a loss or gain of motion each change 
of the rail at top and bottom, caused by the rail changing its 
direction, which causes a slackness or a stretch of the roving. 

Our Vertical Shaft does away with all gain or loss, as it 
will be seen that the motion of the gears is always continu- 
ous in one direction, regardless of the direction taken by the 
rail. 

Twin Vertical Shaft. — Our new frames are now being built 
with twin vertical shafts ; this construction possesses all the 
advantages of the single vertical shaft, and also the following 
very important additional one, viz. : Each bobbin shaft is 
now driven independently, greatly relieving the small gear 
that formerly drove both bobbin shafts, almost entirely 
eliminating the item of repairs due to breakage and wear and 
tear on these frames. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* 




SECTION BETWEEN HEAD END AND FIRST SAMPSON 
Sftow'ir.e srl~oi.e/\rlo ooooirl S[4A.rT <SC\K||U. 

Twin Vertical Shaft. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 




Contact Gearing. 



Overseers of carding and roving machinery have found it 
very difficult at times to get just the proper tension of the 
cotton on fly frames, on account of the atmospheric changes, 
and also by the extreme change made by changing one tooth, 
which was made absolute when a contact-gear was changed. 
Usually the change is about one-fortieth. This would either 
cause the cotton to run too tight or too slack, as the case 
might be ; therefore, either stretching the cotton and mak- 
ing it run light, or slacking to such an extent as to cause it 
to run heavy, which, of course, means to the mill man un- 
even weight of cloth, besides smaller productions from his 
frames. 

The object of the patented improvement is to overcome, as 
far as practicable, all of the above conditions, and at the 
same time make it convenient for the overseer or his second- 
hand to make the required change without having first to 
look up a gear, and afterward a wrench, beside the disagree- 
able work of having to crawl down under his frame to make 
the desired change, which he does not usually care to do, and 
very often he does not make the change, on account of the 
extra work to which it puts him. 



Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 

With our patent improvement the change is all made from 
the front of the frame, and all that is required to be done is 
to unlock the controlling wheel and turn the handle to the 
right or left, as the case may require, which will make the 
change on coarse frames of one-eightieth, and on fine jack 
frames a change of one ninety-fifth. The change is very 
fine, and the cotton can be controlled to a fineness never 
before acquired by any other arrangement. With this 
arrangement, the cone belt always returns to its proper 
starting point, so that the tension will be proper when start- 
ing on the empty bobbin. 




Safety Stop Motion. 

This stop motion is to prevent accident to the machine. 
Should the reverse motion fail to work the rail would travel 
beyond its limit ; this would allow the projections B and E 
on the lifting rack to come in contact with figures C or D, 
which would cause the rod A to move upward and come in 
contact with and lift the knock-off latch by the projection F, 
thereby stopping the frame and preventing serious break- 
down of machine. 



103 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued, 




Daly's Differential Motion. 

This overcomes entirely what every maker in the country 
has struggled to overcome, viz: The great amount of friction 
and breakage caused by the several bevel gears of the old- 
style differential moving at double the speed of the jack- 
shaft ; as, in the old-style the differential gearing is run- 
ning in opposite direction to the jack-shaft, at about the 
same speed. Hence, with a jack-shaft running at 450 revo- 
lutions you have a set of gearing traveling goo revolutions on 
a fixed bearing, demanding aid, which must come from the 
cone drums before they may effect the work for which they 
are intended ; thus producing an uneven motion. 

Advantages of this gearing : 

(r). The highest speed gear makes less than 100 revolutions 
per minute. 

(2). All motions in one direction, thereby reducing friction 
and saving oil. 

(3) The cone is no longer a driver but is now only a regula- 
tor, as the power is taken direct from the main shaft ; there- 
fore there is no more trouble caused by cone belts breaking 
or slipping. 

(4). The gearing is covered from dust. 

(5). Oil chambers for oil. 



104 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N, C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued, 




Self=OiIing Spindle Step. 

This step offers great advancement over the old style. Con- 
taining a reservoir for oil, it needs oiling but twice a year. 

By holes drilled through partitions between reservoir and 
bearing, oil enters bottom of bearing, and is siphoned back 
into the reservoir through the top ; hence the only loss of 
oil being by wearing out and evaporation, which is very 
slight. 

Another important feature is, owing to the quantity of oil 
we are able to keep constantly in bearing and reservoir, the 
bottom of spindle is never without a cushion, which posi- 
tively guarantees a steady running spindle, thus overcoming 
the unsteadiness so often noticed in many of the mills in this 
country. 

The large plug in back of reservoir is to admit of its being 
cleaned out should the oil become thick from long usage. 

Figure i represents spindle as it appears when running, 
and Figure 2 represents spindle raised as it should be when 
filling reservoir with oil. 

Notice new hook, which prevents unstepping of spindle in 
doffing, also damage to casings. 



105 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 




106 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 



The Leon W. Campbell Ball Bearing Top Roll. 

This roll is adapted to railway heads, drawing frames, slub- 
bing, intermediate, roving, and jack frames. 

Less weight can be used with it than with any other type 
of roll, because there is practically no friction to overcome, 
the roll starting the instant the steel roll revolves. 

Advantages of this roll : 

(i). It runs with a small amount of oil. 

(2). The oil can not damage the leather covers, nor can it 
get on the sliver or roving. 

(3). There is less friction than with any other type of roll. 

(4). Saves wear of both leather and fluted rolls. 

(5). Will run absolutely steady, and thereby produces 
stronger and more even yarn. 



ZINC 



—J, 


CITY 


mvMiHe" 


rLV FF^A IVIES. 


f : j : 1 




! 







'"'tw/q SftE. 



RUL_EI,TO FINO TOTAL LENGTH OF ZINC. mJuti^lV o^ALr t|Je 
rfJ= »pacc, A rJo ^dd p-oJr feet. 



I07 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* 



o 

W 

w 
o 

00 

w 
o 

a 

u 



CO 



5 'S-S E 
-_ _ -o to 

.= O .E LL. 



casj aaa as spa 



iT.CqMJlrtHrl 



<DCPOO»!DOv0001DCO 






oooooooooooo 
comoooicoomooo 
cpt-aoffiO--^a;m-tw[- 



^CO(N(NOOCOtD^(MOCO'-D 



Tl«'*-a<^tOO00C00300000O0 



^ is? ^ ^f\" 



s S •- 

rt '" .rt 

* p^ 

rt o o 



■a c ~ 



n & 



£5 



S3 -. B 

•2 - -° 
S 9 -° 

3 2 



* 3 

4) bo 



2 m 



.3 ju 

00 J3 



£ > 
o 

a, j2 ^ 



6 £ 






o o o £ 



a ^ 

w = « £ 

E u S rt 

£5 5 S 

m 4) 



§ 2 

fl .2 

Jp "L 



U T3 
3 J=i 



« ^ S ^ 



rt rt S = - rt 



Pi Prt 



a a % 

'to v« "3 
^S CO 



.S rt ii to 

'5. K "E, «> 



en u 

1- -° 

O ■£ 

•- 2 o Z 

2 5 f. ° 

3 (D rO rt 

Z J 3 5 2 

•o Jf ° 

13 2 *> 

'a ° rS 



<U c uP 



• =°3 

2 Hi M 

E - || 

u JP o 

„ -rt CO 

- J2 + 

© P. CO 

5 S 



X 



108 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 


























JS 






(fl 












O 






u 






V 


















V 


^t^ti^^ 




U 


VO ^i- o o 




o 












!-i 






o 






o 












u. 


















CQ 


•7T ro N i-< 






















< 


rOrOtOrO 




11 






5 


















fe 






■a -a .r 




o 


§S * 


















n OvCO iO 










®* © I 

a =tEi — -^y* 



Ph 



109 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 



o 


<3 


*£> 


rt 


0$ 


4) 


H 


CO 




S 


-4^ 


P 


C 


>> 


ns 






Q 


G 


J3 


O 




U^ 



CO CO -^ OC CO **l CO 

<"0 CO CS •**« "# tP *-i 

^OHHIQCOOCOOCOM 



COCOCNCOCOtJ<COCOCOCC-JHt3> 



N(NC«HHCq 
CO CO TP CO CO CO 
CNCNI— COODOiCNCMC 



CMCNJr-ICNS^M'^P'^^'^t-i 



)iO»CiCOOOOOOO 



t- L— t- t- t- 00 ( 



: co oo cc oo cc 



05 05 *# t-- OC 00 

OOCOOlOSOiCOCiCiejiOl'-'r-i 
u, co a lO lO CO H H H r^ ffl c. 
cNC^OOddcH-'H-'OCD 
COCC(M'^'tfiiOC~t--tr-t--t<'* 






2 " " s 



x>- - 53 



1) i> 

£.2 

CD +j 

CO n-, 

o « « 

»-> t-i s 

Z c-b^- 
H .5 <u .a « go 

O Jflox , 

£2 •; s « * g, 

H ^^^ ° i 

w ^ n § 2-^ 

^r ^ g u bx 

o fl 5-° ^* 

+> ° <D xi 'I - 

<H4J3+J. . 

° § §.52 8 

3P U U Y 

is « ^ ^ 

P. rt <U y 

OJ^'O I. X 

*^fx 



en O 

^ .. 

¥ - <U 

*>£ g 

6o be-: « 

B *? u 

> S *-i ^ 

fc § « « - 

Z _ -^,rC w 



T3 






-t 



.5^ 

b - ^ x 

£ Jj £ 2 

01 E3 0) n I- 
cJ C 3g I, 

o^ -^ 60^- 
C'« B 3 M 

<u u o ^ -I- 

r^ ^ T3 ,15 LO 

2 .-2^x 

^ - ^' o 



be 



t^ 



be 



3 ^ J7 e « 

cd 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W". CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued, 



TO FIND THE LAY CONSTANT : 

Multiply the square root of the number of roving you are 
making by the number of teeth in your lay gear. 

Example. — What is my lay constant if I am using a 44-tooth 
lay gear in making .20 hank roving ? 

1/.20 X 44 = 19.6768. Ans. 

TO FIND CONTACT CONSTANT: 

Multiply the square root of the number of roving you are 
making by the number of teeth in your contact or tension 
gear. 

Example. — What is my contact constant if I am using a 
67-tooth contact gear in making .20 hank roving ? 

1/.20 X 67 = 29.9624. Ans. 

TO FIND TWIST CHANGE GEAR: 

Divide twist constant by twist per inch required = number 
of teeth in twist gear. 

TO FIND DRAUGHT CHANGE GEAR : 

Divide draft constant by draft required = number of teeth 
in draft gear. 

TO FIND LAY CHANGE GEAR : 

Divide lay constant by the square root of the number of 
roving required = number of teeth in lay gear. 

TO FIND CONTACT CHANGE GEAR: 

Divide contact constant by the square root of the number 
of roving required = number of teeth in contact gear : 



GEARING TABLES AND DIAGRAMS. 

The following tables and diagrams are for our standard 
frames only, and do not apply where special gearing has 
been required. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 



m 



§5 S 

00 ,2 



*; 


_ 


ccf 


cp 


o 


CO 


..... 






a 




_ 










CO 












— i 


CO 


^ 














CO 


o 




~ 


,_ 


1— 


CO 




CD 


-a ca 


i- -a 










a- a. 


co 


_ >^ 


CO 






"cl a 


■J T3 










3= £ 


CO 




>^ 


j2 


a 


CO 


<5 




o- 






3 O 




o « 

> c 

CD O 


o o 
i cc 








_£: 




u 






S 


~~ 


1— 






a. 


■- 


be 


of 
ovin 


z 






ce 














CO 


c 


H- C CO 


Size o 
Bobbi 

Inche 



cococococococococo 



OWCDOlOOt--ACO 



cococococococococo 

COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO 



lOt-cqcco^eMrHO 

rFCOCO<NiMCM<N<M'M 



COCMTt«OOTHi-IOO<£>'* 



O O) CO 00 Ifl « O 00 b- 
CPTtf^COCOCOCOCNiM 



HoacoNioio^co 

L-COHOWt-(NCNOO 
QCr-IrH^^lOCOiHCS 
IQ-«^COCNi-ItHi-Ii-1 



^COh-HOJtNOHCO 

t-^'toioqcoHoo 

rl N (N (M ri H O O OS 



• IQ CO N CC tH l-H C 



COi-HOlOCSTt*^Tj<CO 

OiOWGJl-tOiO^CO 



TUCD'-OlCCOOt-TjiO 
»OCCt-COCiOOH(N 



ooooooooo 
c^co-^iocot-aooso 



QOt-CClO^WCNHO 
CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 



CCOCDOlQOt--*M 



cococococococococo 
cococococococococo 



t-COaO<X>Tfi<Mi-HOOS 
COCOtMC^CQCflC^CNTH 



C ; l-#O0T}iTH0OCD'^HCO 

coio-^-^-^cocococo 



OSCOCOlQCMOOOb-CC 
^"tfCOCOCOcO'M'MlN 



OSOSOSlCOCO^^OO 

OCO(NO©HO«Tf 

a! d f " d tc th in d c 

COWCSIMHHHHH 



COt^-^COCQOCO^CO 

t-tMi-iococooqcoic 
HoJciNHHod a* 



lO0000<NWl£)Tt<CD<N 



CfiiHi-l"*t-iC>C0t-CNl 

ociowcooi>cDioif; 

<NCM<NCNi-Ii-IiH»-<t-I 



©CDWMOh-iiOC 
©t-00 0100r | !N( 



OOOOOOOOO 

CO Tf< Id CD t> 00 Ci O H 



t-OiC#CO(M«-*OOS 
COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO 



?ocoinoi>'f coco 



OOOOOOOOO 



t-rP<MOOSC 
NClNWHi 



COOS<^CO<-HOSb-»lO 

•#COCOC0COCS)<N<N(M 



C0TtlT-(CSt-lOT}<C0<M 
.-OCOCOCS<N(M(N^<N 



!TO;ifl!NCOCOL-lC)0 
COOSOSOTjHCCOSb-t- 

dcc'ddTjIwcoJoc 

tf» <N t-h »H iH rl ,H 



-OSCSOOlOrHOSC-T 
,-1 r-( ~* ,-h ,-J ,-t O O o" 



OCMCNJCOt-COOOOCC 



t->OS0OCOO5l£i0O^^ 

y: co <-" o oo t- to © ir; 

CQCJ(N(MHHHHi-i 



CClOCOOt-^CCDH 
t-OOOSOOi-HiMCMCO 



OOOOOOOOO 
TfirDOC-OOOSOr-fCNt 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* 



(J 


y 

a 


-t-> 


a 


Ti 


u-» 


(J 


hn 


a 


_d 


u 


5 


<\> 


o 


+-> 




a 


nl 



Q CO 


cococococococococo 


CCt>CDiO'ffO(NHO 

cococococococococo 


1 

©©X>t-CDlO-tfC0CN 
TPCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO 


a 


OCO^OiOOI>Tf<CO 

cq t> x c h ro -f — X' 


ococooicot>-trt 

©t-OOOi-lCO'tCDOO 


OW^CDO^OCCM 

io-ot-xcn :n -p — 
^" ^d* Tin -^ iO id iO iQ id 


C3 CO 


ooooooooo 


ooooooooo 


COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO 


— ' CO 


oot-io^eocJHHc 


t-lC^fOCNHHOCJ 


Ob-^OJHOCSCCN 
COCNCNCNCNCMTHr-li-l 




COX^NHOQCOt- 

cococococococncmcn 


CD-f C<IHOfllXt-CD 
CO CO CO CO CO CM CM CM CM 


iC0t--#W031t-w 
■^-^COCOCOCOCMCMCM 


t« 


ooio-i-rir-csxt-co 

COCOCOCOCOCN<M<N:M 


l^eOCMHOJOOt-CDCD 
COCOCOCOOqCNCMCMOJ 


C3£--^tNCS.Q0tD»C^* 


Pounds 
Per Day 

Per 
Spindle 


«OCOH(M^»t-CD 
CI — CJ l> I- ic t> O -f 

id co cn" o* ci od i> t-* cb 


CM^iOCDCOHCMaJH 

o; co 1-- h q m iq co O! 
co c^i ih d ai co t> c u: 


X-^lOb-CO-tfi-ICNeN 
CCOtHOOCDOCNL— CO 
CNOX^'idTjiTjHCOCo" 


Hanks 
Per Day 

Per 
Spindle 


t- N cm t- cd c «;■ * co 

CN N -M rH i-i »-h" O © O 


MCOCDOCOOCOC^'^ 
lOCOCNr-l-^MOC 

o-i oi oi o i i-i «-< i-i i-<* o" 


X iQ 0-1 CM CD H CN CO CD 
XiqCNONr-iC^CJ 

^ N (N Cd" w r-< O O a" 

i-HrHrH*-Hi-lvHi-li-i 


Sets 
Per Day 


TfiOCNCOt-OCOwX 

ascot^tcidid^Tpcc 


HCO-f COCDCOlOCO 
— O50dt>CDCOiciic'TP 


X-*UOt-CO-JiHOK<l 
X©*-HCCCDC5CNt^;0 
0-i © 00 CD id tjh <<& CO CO 


Revolu- 
tions of 

Front 

Roll 


i-« o ~ x i- w u. ic -r 

NHHHHi- IHHr- 


3ib-O^HC5|lOOCOCO 

-OOOJXt-CDCDvD 
MCMNHHHHHH 


HQQt-t-HXHlC 
L- ."O t-H O X X O CC iC 
.NCNfNCMr^HHHH 


"cfl O 

Q_ 


b- -P O CD H H "Mb-Ci 

OtHCNOlCOCOTti-fiO 


■CHOCHt-^hNw 
--^^T'JCOCO-^-J'iOiC 


r-tt-ocooaicox 


i-l,-l,-IWrH,-lT-li-li-l 


,_, ^ ,_, ,_, h rH ^ ,-H r- 


rHr-trHt-CiHr-iTHrHCM 


Number 

of 
Roving 


0=0000000 

oo o © -h r>j co -^ uo -j: 


ooooooooo 

OS O i-« :n CO -? lO CD b- 


OlC ClQOlOOlOC 

© :j c t-; q m o t- c 

iHrHi-lr-tCNCNCNoicO 


= 1 


r-fcq 




O 


Size of 
Bobbin 
Inches 


o 


M 
<35 


M 

CO J 



ii3 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 





3 


a 


a 


<* 


s 




u-> 




&o 


hO 


a 


C 


* 


»VH 


o 


> 




o 


m 


« 






3 




o 




^3 




O 



Oh 



O CO 


OOCOt-CDlO-^rOCN 

■^cocococococococo 


OOlXb-CClf. -tfON 


OCJOCt-CCiO^COW 


a 


OW-f OCf OllOW 

■^ -n* ^' -^ io id ic ic io 


0(M^COO"#0:OCN 
lOCDt'ODOH .-n TjJ CC 

^"^■^Tj-idicidiriir: 


OCN-#CDO"#OiO<M 

C CD l> CO O H W ^ CD 










e3 cd 


ooooooooo 
eccoeoeocococoecco 


ooooooooo 
cccocococqcocqcocc 


OOOOOOOOO 

:ocococococoooecco 


— ' CO 




COeN<M<MCN<MCNi-li-l 


MHCOCOCOb-CDCD 
NWCNHHHHnrl 


O fe- 
C3 


«M f CD Q O -C d C C5 


Tr^cococococcoicM 


tNOOib-CDiOiQCO 
rOCCCO<M<MCN<MCN<M 


« CO 

*cS 


O>t--#<MOCCOI^T}< 
COCOCOCOOJCMfMtNCq 


(Mt-T#CiaiQO®W , t 


SSCOCOlO^CO^ — ' i-i 


Pounds 
Per Day 

Per 
Spindle 


c^^ocoaooaococsi 
CN t- W ^ t> CN q ■■;■ "t 




CO lO 

OOCOCOOiOHCr. c: 
^Ht>lOfCNHC)C 


00 O -^ K M <M H H i-< 










Hanks 
Per Day 

Per 
Spindle 


COOOt-OCOOi-'LO'-l 

C0 1<QCNI>rHQH0C 

•MHOOGOCOCOt- 


■# ^ N IC CO H "' t- (M 

-'HOOaC.COOOCC 


OlOCOOCMt-COOO 
^ ■* Ol W -f H l> Tf "T 
OSOSCOCOOOCOb-t-t- 


" a 
co S 

Q. 


OCDM^COMXt-fC 


OJt-w^coHcowq 
:»o'ic^coco*cncnc4 


W CD CD N « Ifl Ci b- CO 
iCOlCOQCOMOCOt- 


Revolu- 
tions of 

Front 

Roll 


OCDOCCHCmMt- 
COQt-- ..-.«■* ro <M i-* 

C^hHiHHHHt-IH 


X'HlOlOO'#rr*a , t 


lOOOl-f 00«t-(NCN 
OlCKCOCNCNHHrH 


"i 1 

a. 


b-OCSCC^O'^OOi-H 

Trt-xoCNTictoiXi 


t-OOCNTIQCaXCT. 


O-f OOH^COb-OOJ 
I-ICCDCOOOHCNCO 


HHHWNMCqMW 


HHlNWfMOKNCNCN 


C^CMCNCN^COCOCOCO 


Number 

of 
Roving 


ooooooooo 

lOOWOlOOiQClO 


ooooooooo 

omocoiooico 

NNMW'*'*iCiQCO 


OOOOOOOOO 

omciQoiocmc 

TtH^lQlOCDCDb-t-00 


ho 52 

CD ^ 


i-Hi 


lO 


^ ! 


Size of 
Bobbin 
Inches 


CO 

M 

GO 


CO 

M 
1> 


co 
M 
r- 



114 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 



W 3 

(J C 

a "a 



Oh 



3 ._ a: .- 
o a» a. 

a- q_ co 



* 1 



0100b-CDiO-*«^ DC. CCt-COiO'*CO!N ©<K0Ot-<©toTJ«CO<M 
■* CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO -P CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO TP CO CO CO CO CO CO CO «. 



ON'fCOO'f OlOW 



COCOCOCOCOCOCCOCC 

cococococococococo 



o; lO (N O C5 CO l> CD iO 



ocooiiacNoait-Q 

lQTfCOCOCOCOC<l<N<M 



^CSCO-^CNWCSOOOC 
COCNCqCMCN<MTHTHi-( 



•lOCOWlOCOCOt-H 



t-toioooiooqoiioi 



COCO^-icOiQCOqO-^* 



0)H»OCOW«0©OC 
COCD^CO^'HOOC 



OOOCOf t-C500iCO 

OTfcoosiHco^t-a: 

CN CN <N <N CO* CO CO CO" CO 



ooooooooo 



OtN^CDO-^CSlOxN 



'.OCOCOCOCOiOCDCOCC 
COK>COCOCOCOCOCOCO 



COCD»O^CO<NHOO 
C^CN;XCNCN<M!N<MCN 



Ot>lCfOHOiOOCOlO 
■T*TPTtiTjlcOCOCOCO 



co^-t05t-iOT**oq*-(0 
Tr^fcococococococo 



^Ot-OCOt-OlOO 
.MQCCO^L-NCO 
OCSt-COCDiO^ti^CO 



XCTJOlOO^OONrH 



OtDOOiOCOOlCiCO 
r-< CO CO C t- lC W CN H 



OOliMlNrHHHHi 



JO-fOOlOOllflcN 
?:«(NHOOQOJ05 



:^©a>oo<ccoc5"#© 
cocot-aii-jco-^coao 

coco'cocorp^"^'^'^ 



ooooooooo 



OcM"*CDOTt*OiiO{N 



<^eococo*.ocoococo 
cococococococococo 



iCCOrHOCiOOt-CDCO 



lOHCCincOCNOOOO 
■^r-^COCOCOCOCOfMCN 



COCOeOCOCNCNCNlOlCN 



CqCNb-OOb-'NCOCC 

WIM05H10 05CDC0O 
CCCOttItFCOCNCNCNCN 



^cciococn-rfHcoaaio 



C5Cias-^(N05ceco(M 



CO-^u^cClCOOlOcMOO 

MHOOiC5COCOC«Ot> 



aitoaioat-cooocN 

•^rH^Q0OC0<X>CCi-l 

I -^ Tji tp io id ici iri cc 



ooooooooo 
ooooooo > oo 

© <N rj" CC 00* © oi Tfl CD 



§s 



4) V 

a rt 

f S 



MM 

>>.s 



U fl 

■» k> ,0 
<U— ' P3 

a S "- 
u § N 

s 2 « 

WIN « 

x x g 

CD CD JS 

M 



"5 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRA.MER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 




CO In 



o 2 

aj * 
(LP 

o 



n6 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* 




3 



ttl 






g 



"i O 



117 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woon socket Roving Machinery , Continued. 




xiS 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* 







mQ 



m 



Q 



D 
OS 

G 

O 



119 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, R C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued, 



o 



<s 


6.0 &0 ™> 


u 


3 3 3 


Hh 




fc*o 


H^ H-* iS 1 
LO LO ^ 






> 


c c .2 


o 


32-S 


04 


•° • Q *S 




pd pq PQ 






i^ 






MfO"' 


T3 


H M * 


c 


V \ S 


<* 


CO ts b 




CO 




-as 



s 

A 



cd 






120 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued, 










Cd rj 

tu Q 
a 

o 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 




rt bo 

•as 



tu 



.5 

03 jh 
1) R 

OS 

<U Q 
G 

o 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued. 



Roving Table. 

For Numbering by the "Weight, in Grains, of 12 Yards? 
and showing Twist per Inch. 



Grains 


Hank 


Square 


Twist 


Grains 


Hank 


Square 


Twist 


Weight. 


Roving. 


Root. 


per Inch 


Weight. 


Roving. 


Root. 


perlnch 


400.00 


.25 


.500 


.60 


147.06 


.68 


.825 


.99 


334.61 


.26 


.510 


.61 


144.93 


.69 


.831 


1.00 


370.37 


.27 


.520 


.62 


142.86 


.70 


.837 


1.00 


357.14 


.28 


.529 


.63 


140.85 


.71 


.843 


1.01 


344.83 


.29 


.539 


.65 


138.89 


.72 


.849 


1.02 


333.33 


.30 


.548 


.66 


135.99 


.73 


.854 


1.02 


322.58 


.31 


.557 


.67 


135.14 


.74 


.860 


1-03 


312.50 


.32 


.566 


.68 


133.33 


.75 


.866 


1.04 


303.03 


.33 


.574 


.69 


131.58 


.76 


.872 


1.05 


294.12 


.34 


.583 


.70 


129.87 


.77 


.874 


1.05 


285.71 


.35 


.592 


.71 


128.21 


.78 


.883 


1.06 


277.78 


.36 


.600 


.72 


126.58 


.79 


.889 


1.07 


270.27 


.37 


.608 


.73 


125.00 


.80 


.894 


1.07 


263.16 


.38 


.616 


.74 


123.46 


.81 


.900 


1.08 


256.41 


.39 


.624 


.75 


121.95 


.82 


.906 


1.09 


250.00 


.40 


.632 


.76 


120.48 


.83 


.911 


1.09 


243.90 


.41 


.640 


.77 


119.05 


.84 


.917 


1.10 


238.10 


.42 


.648 


.78 


117.65 


.85 


.922 


1.11 


232.56 


.43 


.656 


.79 


116.28 


.86 


.927 


1.11 


227.27 


.44 


.663 


.80 


114.94 


.87 


.933 


1.12 


222.22 


.45 


.671 


.80 


113.64 


.88 


.938 


1.13 


217.39 


.46 


.678 


.81 


112.36 


.89 


.943 


1.13 


212.77 


.47 


.686 


.82 


111.11 


.90 


.949 


1.14 


208.33 


.48 


.693 


.83 


109.89 


.91 


.954 


1.14 


204.08 


.49 


.700 


.84 


108.70 


.92 


.959 


1.15 


200.00 


.50 


.707 


.85 


107.53 


.93 


.964 


1.16 


196.08 


.51 


.714 


.86 


106.38 


.94 


.970 


1.16 


192.31 


.52 


.721 


.87 


105.26 


.95 


.975 


1.17 


138.68 


.53 


.728 


.87 


104.17 


.96 


.980 


1.18 


185.19 


.54 


.735 


.88 


103.09 


.97 


.985 


1.18 


181.82 


.55 


.742 


.89 


102.04 


.98 


.990 


1.19 


178.57 


.56 


.748 


.90 


101.01 


.99 


.995 


1.19 


175.44 


.57 


.755 


.91 


100.00 


1.00 


1.000 


1.20 


172.41 • 


.58 


.762 


.91 


98.04 


1.02 


1.010 


1.21 


169.49 


.59 


.768 


.92 


96.15 


1.04 


1.020 


1.22 


166.67 


.60 


.775 


.93 


94.34 


1.06 


1.030 


1.24 


1G3.93 


.61 


.781 


.94 


92.59 


1.08 


1.039 


1.25 


161.29 


.62 


.787 


.94 


90.91 


1.10 


1.049 


1.26 


158.73 


.63 


.794 


.95 


89.29 


1.12 


1.058 


1.27 


156.25 


.64 


.800 


.96 


87.72 


1.14 


1.068 


1.28 


153.85 


.65 


.806 


.97 


86.21 


1.16 


1.077 


1.29 


151.52 


.66 


.812 


.97 


84.75 


1.18 


1.086 


1.30 


149.25 


.67 


.819 


.98 


83.33 


1.20 


1.095 


1.31 



Twist = i.2 X square root. 



123 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Continued* 



Roving Table. Continued* 

For Numbering by the Weight, in Grains, of J2 Yards; 
and showing Twist per Inch, 



Grains 


Hank 


Square 


Twist 


Grains 


Hank 


Square 


Twist 


Weight. 


Roving. 


Root. 


per Inch 


Weight. 


Roving. 


Root. 


per Inch 


81.97 


1.22 


1.105 


1.33 


48.08 


2.08 


1.442 


1.73 


80.65 


1.24 


1.114 


1.34 


47.62 


2.10 


1.449 


1.74 


79.37 


1.26 


1.122 


1.35 


47.17 


2.12 


1.456 


1.75 


78.12 


1.28 


1.131 


1.36 


46.73 


2.14 


1.463 


1.76 


76.92 


1.30 


1.140 


1.37 


46.30 


2.16 


1.470 


1.76 


75.76 


1.32 


1.149 


1.38 


45.87 


2.18 


1.476 


1.77 


74.63 


1.34 


1.158 


1.39 


45.45 


2.20 


1.483 


1.78 


73.53 


1.36 


1.166 


1.40 


45.05 


2.22 


1.490 


1.79 


72.46 


1.38 


1.175 


1.41 


44.64 


2.24 


1.497 


1.80 


71.43 


1.40 


1.183 


1.42 


44.25 


2.26 


1.503 


1.80 


70.42 


1.42 


1.192 


1.43 


43.86 


2.28 


1.510 


1.81 


69.44 


1.44 


1.200 


1.44 


43.48 


2.30 


1.517 


1.82 


68.49 


1.46 


1.208 


1.45 


43.10 


2.32 


1.523 


1.83 


67.57 


1.48 


1.217 


1.46 


42.74 


2.34 


1.530 


1.84 


66.67 


1.50 


1.225 


1.47 


42.37 


2.36 


1.536 


1.84 


65.79 


1.52 


1.233 


1.48 


42.02 


2.38 


1.543 


1.85 


64.94 


1.54 


1.241 


1.49 


41.67 


2.40 


1.549 


1.86 


64.10 


1.56 


1.249 


1.50 


41.32 


2.42 


1.556 


1.87 


63.29 


1.58 


1.257 


1.51 


40.98 


2.44 


1.562 


1.87 


62.50 


1.60 


1.265 


1.52 


40.65 


2.46 


1.568 


1.88 


61.73 


1.62 


1.273 


1.53 


40.32 


2.48 


1.575 


1.89 


60.98 


1.64 


1.281 


1.54 


40.00 


2.50 


1.581 


1.90 


60.24 


1.66 


1.288 


1.55 


39.68 


2.52 


1.587 


1.90 


59.52 


1.68 


1.296 


1.56 


39.37 


2.54 


1.594 


1.91 


58.82 


1.70 


1.304 


1.56 


39.06 


2.56 


1.600 


1.92 


58.14 


1.72 


1.311 


1.57 


38.76 


2.58 


1.606 


1.93 


57.47 


1.74 


1.319 


1.58. 


38.46 


2.60 


1.612 


1.93 


56.82 


1.76 


1.327 


1.59 


38.17 


2.62 


1.619 


1.94 


56.18 


1-78 


1.334 


1.60 


37.88 


2.64 


1.625 


1.95 


55.56 


1.80 


1.342 


1.61 


37.59 


2.66 


1.631 


1.96 


54.95 


1.82 


1.349 


1.62 


37.31 


2.68 


1.637 


1.96 


54.35 


1.84 


1.356 


1.63 


37.04 


2.70 


1.643 


1.97 


53.76 


1.86 


1.364 


1.64 


36.76 


2.72 


1.649 


1.98 


53.19 


1.88 


1.371 


1.65 


36.50 


2.74 


1.655 


1.99 


52.63 


1.90 


1.378 


1.65 


36.23 


2.76 


1.661 


1.99 


52.08 


1.92 


1.386 


1.66 


35.97 


2.78 


1.667 


2.00 


51.55 


1.94 


1.393 


1.67 


35.71 


2.80 


1.673 


2.01 


51.02 


1.96 


1.400 


1.68 


35.46 


2.82 


1.679 


2.01 


50.51 


1.98 


1.407 


1.69 


35.21 


2.84 


1.685 


2.02 


50.00 


2.00 


1.414 


1.70 


34.97 


2.86 


1.691 


2.03 


49.50 


2.02 


1-421 


1.71 


34.72 


2.88 


1.697 


2.04 


49.02 


2.04 


1.428 


1.71 


34.48 


2.90 


1.703 


2.04 


48.54 


2.06 


1.435 


1.72 


34.25 


2.92 


1,709 


2.05 



Twist = i.2 X square root. 



124 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Woonsocket Roving Machinery, Concluded. 



Roving Table. Continued. 

For Numbering by the Weight, in Grains, of M Yards; 
and showing Twist per Inch. 



Grains 


Hank 


Square 


Twist 


Grains 


Hank 


Square 


Twist 


Weight. 


Roving. 


Root. 


per Inch 


Weight. 


Roving. 


Root. 


per Inch 


34.01 


2.94 


1.715 


2.06 


14.29 


7.00 


2.646 


3.17 


33.78 


2.96 


1.721 


2.07 


14.08 


7.10 


2.665 


3.20 


33.56 


2.98 


1.726 


2.07 


13.89 


7.20 


2.683 


3.22 


33.33 


3.00 


1.732 


2.08 


13.70 


7.30 


2.702 


3.24 


32.26 


3.10 


1.761 


2.11 


13.51 


7.40 


2.720 


3.26 


31.25 


3.20 


1.789 


2.15 


13.33 


7.50 


2.739 


3.29 


30.30 


3.30 


1.817 


2.18 


13.16 


7.60 


2.757 


3.31 


29.41 


3.40 


1.844 


2.21 


12.99 


7.70 


2.775 


3.33 


28.57 


3.50 


1.871 


2.24 


12.82 


7.80 


2.793 


3.35 


27.78 


3.60 


1.897 


2.28 


12.66 


7.90 


2.811 


3.37 


27.03 


3.70 


1.924 


2.31 


12.50 


8.00 


2.828 


3.39 


26.32 


3.80 


1.949 


2.34 


12.35 


8.10 


2.846 


3.42 


25.64 


3.90 


1.975 


2.37 


12.20 


8.20 


2.864 


3.44 


25.00 


4.00 


2.000 


2.40 


12.05 


8.30 


2.881 


3.46 


24.39 


4.10 


2.025 


2.43 


11.90 


8.40 


2.898 


3.48 


23.81 


4.20 


2.049 


2.46 


11.76 


8.50 


2.915 


3.50 


23.26 


4.30 


2.074 


2.49 


11.63 


8.60 


2.933 


3.52 


22.73 


4.40 


2.098 


2.52 


11.49 


8.70 


2.950 


3.54 


22.22 


4.50 


2.121 


2.55 


11.36 


8.80 


2.966 


3.56 


21.74 


4.60 


2.145 


2.57 


11.24 


8.90 


2.983 


3.58 


21.28 


4.70 


2.168 


2.60 


11.11 


9.00 


3.000 


3.60 


20.83 


4.80 


2.191 


2.63 


10.99 


9.10 


3.017 


3.62 


20.41 


4.90 


2.214 


2.66 


10.87 


9.20 


3.033 


3.64 


20.00 


5.00 


2.236 


2.68 


10.75 


9.30 


3.050 


3.66 


19.61 


5.10 


2.258 


2.71 


10.64 


9.40 


3.066 


3.68 


19.23 


5.20 


2.280 


2.74 


10.53 


9.50 


3.082 


3.70 


18.87 


5.30 


2.302 


2.76 


10.42 


9.60 


3.098 


3.72 


18.52 


5.40 


2.324 


2.79 


10.31 


9.70 


3.114 


3.74 


18.18 


5.50 


2.345 


2.81 


10.20 


9.80 


3.130 


3.76 


17.86 


5.60 


2.366 


2.84 


10.10 


9.90 


3.146 


3.78 


17.54 


5.70 


2.387 


2.86 


10.00 


10.00 


3.162 


3.79 


17.24 


5.80 


2.408 


2.89 


9.09 


11.00 


3.317 


3.98 


16.95 


5.90 


2.429 


2.91 


8.33 


12.00 


3.464 


4.16 


16.67 


6.00 


2.449 


2.94 


7.69 


13.00 


3.606 


4.33 


16.39 


6.10 


2.470 


2.96 


7.14 


14.00 


3.742 


4.49 


16.13 


6.20 


2.490 


2.99 


6.67 


15.00 


3.873 


4.65 


15.87 


6.30 


2.510 


3.01 


6.25 


16.00 


4.000 


4.80 


15.62 


6.40 


2.530 


3.04 


5.88 


17.00 


4.123 


4.95 


15.38 


6.50 


2.550 


3.06 


5.56 


18.00 


4.243 


5.09 


15.15 


6.60 


2.569 


3.08 


5.26 


19.00 


4.359 


5.23 


14.93 


6.70 


2.588 


3.11 


5.00 


20.00 


4.472 


5.37 


14.71 


6.80 


2.608 


3.13 


4.76 


21.00 


4.582 


5.50 


14.49 


6,90 


2.627 


3.15 


4.27 


22.00 


4.690 


5.63 



Twist=i.2 X square root. 



125 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



WHITIN GRAVITY SPINDLES. 



Over 3,000,000 Gravity Spindles are now in use in many of 
the best mills in the country, a fact which attests their prac- 
tical utility, and the high degree of favor they have received 
from manufacturers. The reputation this spindle has ac- 
quired is based largely upon the fact that it is simple in con- 
struction and durable. Some of the spindles have been run 
at a speed of 12,000 turns a minute for several years without 
any perceptible evidence of wear. The whole structure of 
bolster, spindle, bobbin, and its yarn load rests upon a solid 
pin milled into the bottom of the bolster case. To prevent 
the escapement of oil which the high speed of the spindles 
naturally forces out under the whirl, a small ring, extending 
down a short distance into the bolster, is driven onto the 
spindle under the whirl. When starting up new spindles 
the oil chamber and tube should be completely filled, and 
afterwards, in order to get the best results, a little fresh oil 
should be added every week. An examination of the accom- 
panying cut shows that the oil is admitted to spindle bear- 
ings through two small ducts. Thus the main supply of oil 
is not agitated by the motion of the spindle, and all dirt 
settles at bottom of the bolster case. The spindle is ordi- 
narily built to drive the bobbin from a cone at the base of 
the spindle blade, and by this method of driving, the interior 
of the bobbin is not materially cut away, and its strength is 
maintained. The same spindle can be used for either warp 
or filling yarn, a convenience which will be appreciated by 
those whose work calls for frequent changes. The superiority 



126 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Gravity Spindles, Continued. 




Whitin Gravity Spindle. 



127 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Gravity Spindles, Continued. 



of the Gravity Spindle in running is largely due to the ar- 
rangement of the parts of the bolster and its case opposite 
the center of the whirl. A sliding fit between the interior 
and exterior cylindrical surfaces of the bolster case and 
bolster respectively allows the foot of the bolster sufficient 
play to obviate any tendency to gyrate. Thus it will be seen 
that with these surfaces arranged as described, and with the 
band pull at or near the middle of the same, the spindle is 
kept in a vertical position at all times, as the power of the 
band is exerted to bring these cylindrical surfaces in align- 
ment* even when the unbalanced load tends to throw the 
bottom of the bolster out of its central relation. Thus the 
spindle remains true with the ring ; the band pull does not 
deflect the spindles, whether tight or loose ; and no influence 
is felt on the spinning of yarn by it. The position of the 
whirl is such that an even pressure is exerted upon the whole 
length of the spindle bearing. The spindle is elegant in de- 
sign and finish and is of the best workmanship throughout. 
The Gravity Spindle is made in six different sizes, a table of 
which is appended. 

The Doffer Guard, or latch, as it may be called, consists of 
a combined spindle-stop and oil-cover firmly pivoted to the 
oil-tube in such a manner that the spindle when dropped 
into the bolster is locked automatically without the use of a 
wrench or other device. It will be seen, however, that the 
spindle can be removed only by tilting the latch until the 
spindle is released from the stop, a thing which cannot occur 
in the ordinary process of doffing. 

The following facts we believe will appeal most strongly to 
spinners: 

ist. The spindle may be oiled without waste from the 
front of the frame while running, and the condition of the 
oil in the reservoirs be ascertained at any time by the 
overseer quickly, conveniently, and without previous prepa- 
ration. 



128 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N, G 



Whitin Gravity Spindles, Continued. 




Spooler Spindle. Twister Spindle. 



129 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Gravity Spindles, Concluded. 



2nd. The oil reservoir is always effectively covered, pre- 
venting entrance of lint and dust, and avoiding the possi- 
bility of oil-stained yarn. 

3rd. No wrench is required to remove spindles for in- 
spection. Reference to the accompanying cut will render 
the foregoing description easily understood. 

WEIGHTS OF THE WHITIN GRAVITY SPINDLES. 



Kind of Spindle. 


Dia. of Whirl. 


Weight. 




~ % in. 

if or Yi in. 

% in. 

ifs in- 
iifein. 


4/£ oz. 
6 oz. 


Medium Gravity Spinning Spindle 




9)4 oz. 
13 oz. 
15 oz. 









Whitin Gravity Twisting Spindle. 



The foregoing illustration shows that the construction of 
our Twisting Spindles is almost identical with that of those 
used for spinning, the only difference being the addition of 
driving dogs above the whirl which fit into mortises cut in 
the bottom of the bobbin. This arrangement prevents the 
bobbin from slipping, with the attendant evil of slack 
twisted yarn. Our spindle has the great advantage in run- 
ning, in that it remains perfectly true with the ring, at a low 
as well as a high speed. Bobbins may be used built for 
either long straight wind, long wind with top of bobbin re- 
duced, long wind with taper at top, or cone filling wind. In 
our twisting frame the spindle rail is dropped so low that the 
bobbin having both heads the same size may be used, and is 
the style we recommend. The spindle is made in three 
sizes, which we style the Wet Twister, Heavy, and Extra 
Heavy Gravity Twisting Spindle. These spindles are finished 
in the same thorough manner as those used for spinning, 
are easily cleaned, and present the least possible opportunity 
for the collection of lint. 



130 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



RING SPINNING FRAMES, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works, 




jShf-W 



--. Jk-f^ 



These frames have been particularly designed to embody 
strength and rigidity with neatness of outline and accuracy 
in workmanship. They possess several advantages that are 
appreciated by all who have used them. 

We wish to mention especially the following details of 
construction : — 

The framing generally is substantial with angle roll beams, 
and spindle rails on the double web-rail principle with 
bridge pieces between sampson supports. The head end is 
of the well known " boxed " style, very rigid and of pleasing 
design. 

All twist and builder-motion gearings are located in the 
closed boxed end and operatives are entirely protected from 
accidents. The gearing is readily accessible for cleaning or 
changing by simply removing a panel. The cylinder and 
jack gears are made of coarse pitch which results in few 
breakages. The gears of both the twist and draft motions 
are machine cut thus insuring smooth and easy running. A 
change in either the draft or twist is effected by a single ad- 
justment in each case and a wide range is afforded by the 
different combinations. 

The Fluted Rolls are made of the best roller steel and are 
irregularly fluted to avoid cutting the top rolls. The fluted 
boss on either side of the roll stands is drawn half an inch 
away from the bearing to avoid carrying oil to the top rolls. 
Either long or short boss rolls may be had as desired. 



131 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



The Top Rolls are usually furnished covered, either shell 
or solid, and weighted with any saddle preferred. 

The Roll stands are of such width as to insure long life to 
the neck of rolls. The cap bars are arranged to work inde- 
pendently, the finger at each roll bearing being divided so 
that when the bar is thrown back, only its own particular 
set of rolls is affected. Ample space is left between the 
halves of cap bar finger over the roll bearings for oiling. 

Our patented Roving Traverse Motion is used. It is adjust- 
able as to length of traverse and has a variable motion to 
prevent liability of top rolls becoming creased at any point. 
The trumpet rod is of steel with adjustable brass trumpets. 

The Rings are adjustable with two or three screws accord- 
ing to style of ring holder used. 

The Spindles with which our frames are equipped may be 
any of the following styles : Whitin Gravity, Draper, Rab- 
beth, Sherman or McMullan. 

The Separator furnished is the No. 4 Whitin Automatic 
Separator, a detailed description of which will be found on 
page 134. 

The Builder Motion has been entirely remodelled, the 
parts being strengthened and leverages increased resulting 
in a smooth and even motion of the ring rail. It is arranged 
for either warp or filling or both as desired. The change 
from warp to filling or vice versa is easily accomplished in a 
few minutes time. The traverses are from &,Y 2 " to 8 // . A 
patented device is applied for locking the ring rail when 
doffing. It is located so as to be conveniently operated by 
the foot of the spinner, and consists of an arm pivoted to the 
head cross shaft lifting arm in such a way that when the 
lifting arm is depressed the locking arm locks the ring 
rail at its lowest point automatically; a further slight de- 
pression releases the arm which drops back, and disengages 
the ring rail. 

The Pulleys, varying in size from 6" diameter to 18" 



132 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



diameter by i" to 3" face, are placed on trie head or geared 
end of the frame unless otherwise ordered. The loose pulley 
runs in a fixed bushing which permits of easy and econom- 
ical renewals in case of wear through heating and sticking of 
the pulley. 

The Cylinders are 7" or 8" as ordered. The cylinder boxes 
are made on the self-oiling principle, a little fresh oil once a 
week being all that is required. An improvement in the 
setting of the boxes is applied whereby the cylinders may be 
taken from the frame and put back without any re-adjust- 
ment. The support of the head end pulley arbor bearing 
serves also as a guard for the pulley and the belt. 

The Creels are made either one or two stories for single 
or double roving and are adjustable in height for any length 
of roving bobbin. 

A simple and effective Thread Board Lifter is provided. 

The frames are built in two widths, 36" and 39", and of 
spaces and lengths over all as per the following table : — See 
page 136. 



133 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



New Model 
No. 4 Automatic Separator. 



This form of Separator is designed for use on frames 
having a long traverse. The blades are made of stamped 
steel, combining strength with lightness. The rod on which 
the blades are fastened is also of steel, and is raised up and 
down in its path by auxiliary lifting rods resting upon a 
second set of rolls fastened to the arms of the regular cross 
shafts. The rod on which the blades are fastened is also 
joined to the lifting rods, so that the blades may be con- 
veniently and quickly turned back out of the way when 
doffing. A simple device is also provided which automat- 
ically restores the bla les to their working position after 
doffing, should the operator neglect to do so. As will be seen 
from the cut, the whole device is simple and readily ad- 
justed. 



134 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 





No. 4 Automatic Separator. 



135 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 





Lengths of Spinning Frames. 








2i in . 


2f in. 


2fin. 


3 in. 


3£in. 


3| in. 


No. of 
Spindles. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


ft. 
13 


in. 

8 


ft. 
14 


in. 
3 


ft. 
14 


in. 
10 


ft. 


in. 


ft. 


in. 


ft. 


in. 


112 




128 


15 


4 


16 




16 


8 














144 


17 




17 


9 


18 


6 














160 


18 


8 


19 


6 


20 


4 














176 


20 


4 


21 


3 


22 


2 














192 


22 




23 




24 
















208 


23 


8 


24 


9 


25 


10 














224 


25 


4 


26 


6 


27 


8 














240 


27 




28 


3 


29 


6 














256 


28 


8 


30 




31 


4 














272 


30 


4 


31 


9 


33 


2 














288 


32 




33 


6 


35 
















304 


33 


8 


35 


3 


36 


10 














120 














17 




18 


3 


19 


6 


132 














18 


6 


19 


10A 


21 


3 


144 














20 




21 


6 


23 




156 














21 


6 


23 


H 


24 


9 


168 














23 




24 


9 


26 


6 


180 














24 


6 


26 


4* 


28 


3 


192 














26 




28 




30 




204 














27 


6 


29 


7* 


31 


9 


216 














29 




31 


3 


33 


6 


228 














30 


6 


32 


105 


35 


3 



136 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinnings Continued. 




6E19E 



137 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Draught Table of Ring Spinning Frames. 


-,,. , , | Front Roll, 1 in. 
Diameter of | Back RoU> 7/& in . 


•n;™^, „f \ Front Roll, 1 in. 
JJiameter ot { r, , r> n ■,/ • 
{ Back Roll, y% in. 


Front Roll Gear, 28 T. 


Front Roll Gear, 30 T. 


Back Roll Gear, 84 T. 


Back Roll Gear, 84 T. 


Gear on Stud, 84 T. 


Gear on Stud, 84 T. 


Change on Stud. 


Draught. 


Change on Stud. 


Draught. 


20 T 


11.077 


26 T 


10.338 


28 


10.286 


28 


9.600 


30 


9.600 


30 


8.960 


32 


9.000 


32 


8.400 


34 


8.470 


34 


7.900 


36 


8.000 


36 


7.467 


38 


7.579 


38 


7.074 


40 


7.200 


40 


6.720 


42 


6.857 


42 


6.400 


44 


6.545 


44 


6.109 


40 


6.261 


46 


5.843 


48 


6.000 


48 


5.600 


50 


5.760 


50 


5.376 


52 


5.538 


52 


5.169 


54 


5.333 


54 


4.978 


56 


5.143 


56 


4.800 


58 


4.965 


58 


4.634 


•„. . t i Front Roll, 1 in. 
Diameter of [ Back RoU> % in 


r,- „_ f f Front Roll, 1 in. 
Diameter of { Back RoU ' % {n 


Front Roll Gear, 30 T. 


Front Roll Gear, 30 T. 


Back Roll Gear, 84 T. 


Back Roll Gear, 84 T. 


Gear on Stud, 168 T. 


Gear on Stud, 60 T. 


Change on Stud. 


Draught. 


Change on Stud. 


Draught. 


30 T 


17.920 


26 T 


7.385 


32 


16.800 


27 


7.111 


34 


15.812 


28 


6.857 


36 


14.933 


29 


6.621 


3S 


14.147 


30 


6.400 


41 


13.112 


31 


6.193 


44 


12.218 


32 


6.000 


47 


11.438 


33 


5.818 


50 


10.752 


34 


5.647 


53 


10.143 


35 


5.486 


50 


9.600 


36 


5.333 


59 


9.112 


37 


5.189 


62 


8.671 


38 


5.053 


67 


8.024 


39 


4.923 


72 


7.467 


40 


4.800 


77 


6.982 


41 


4.683 


82 


6.556 


42 


4.571 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Draught Table of Ring Spinning Frames. 



Diameter of 



Front Roll, 1 inch. 
Back Roll, | inch 
Front Roll Gear, 30 T. Back Roll Gear, 84 T. 

Gear on Stud, 120 T. 



Cnange on Stud. 


Draught. 


Change on Stud. 


Draught. 


26 T 


14.770 


39 T 


9.846 


27 


14.222 


40 


9.600 


28 


13.715 


41 


9.366 


29 


13.241 


42 


9.143 


30 


12.800 


43 


8.930 


31 


12.387 


45 


8.533 


32 


12.000 


48 


8.000 


33 


11.636 


50 


7.680 


34 


11.294 


52 


7.385 


35 


10.971 


54 


7.111 


36 


10.666 


56 


6.857 


37 


10.378 


58 


5.621 


38 


10.105 


60 


6.400 



T 39 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinnings Continued. 



r-Q^S 




140 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 




141 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Ring Frame Change Twist Gear Table. 



Cylinder d\ in. Diameter, 
Front Eoll 1 in. Dia. Front Roll Gear 108 Teeth. 





Whirl f in. Dia. 


Whirl i| in. 


Dia. 


Whirl | in. 


Dia 


u 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


L ; 7.44 


Cyl.: 


Whirl : : 


1:7. 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


1 : 6.47 


o 


H H 


H H 


H h 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 






CO -# 


lO lO 


CN 00 


CO ■# 


1Q ICi 


<M 00 


CD T* 


>o m 




<M 00 


co t- 


lO lO 


CM 00 


CO t- 


lO lO 


CM 00 


CO C- 


io m 




• 13 


. 13 


. ia 


. 13 


. 13 


. 13 


. 13 


. 13 


. 13 


o 


"& 3 


">, 3 


">. 3 


*?. 3 


•£ 3 


■"£. 3 


"£ 3 


^ 3 


"£ 3 


V oo 


(J oo 


U 00 


CJ 00 


O oo 


V 00 


U CO 


O OO 


U oo 




Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist . 


16T 


63.92 


32.84 


15.98 


60.14 


30.90 


15.03 


55.58 


28.56 


13.89 


17 


60.16 


30.91 


15.04 


56.60 


29.09 


14.15 


52.31 


26.88 


13.08 


18 


56.81 


29.20 


14.20 


53.45 


27.47 


13.36 


49.41 


25.39 


12.35 


19 


53.82 


27.66 


13.45 


50.64 


26.02 


12.66 


46.81 


24.05 


11.70 


20 


51.13 


26.28 


12.78 


48.11 


24.72 


12.02 


44.47 


22.85 


11.12 


21 


48.70 


25.02 


12.17 


45.82 


23.55 


11.45 


42.35 


21.76 


10.59 


22 


46.48 


23.89 


11.62 


43.74 


22.48 


10.93 


40.42 


20.77 


10.10 


23 


44.46 


22.85 


11.12 


41.83 


21.50 


10.45 


38.67 


19.87 


9.67 


24 


42.61 


21.90 


10.65 


40.09 


20.60 


10.02 


37.05 


19.04 


9.26 


25 


40.91 


21.02 


10.23 


38.49 


19.78 


9.62 


35.57 


18.28 


8.89 


26 


39.33 


20.21 


9.83 


37.01 


19.02 


9.25 


34.20 


17.58 


8.55 


27 


37.88 


19.46 


9.47 


35.64 


18.31 


8.91 


32.94 


16.93 


8.23 


28 


36.52 


18.77 


9.13 


34.36 


17.66 


8.59 


31.76 


16.32 


7.94 


29 


35.26 


18.12 


8.82 


33.18 


17.05 


8.29 


30.67 


15.76 


7.67 


30 


34.09 


17.52 


8.52 


32.07 


16.48 


8.02 


29.64 


15.23 


7.41 


31 


32.99 


16.95 


8.25 


31.04 


15.95 


7.76 


28.69 


14.74 


7.17 


32 


31.96 


16.42 


7.99 


30.07 


15.45 


7.52 


27.79 


14.28 


6.95 


33 


30.99 


15.92 


7.75 


29.16 


14.97 


7.29 


26.95 


13.85 


0.74 


34 


30.08 


15.45 


7.52 


28.30 


14.54 


7.07 


26.16 


13.44 


6.54 


35 


29.22 


15.01 


7.30 


27.49 


14.13 


6.87 


25.41 


13.06 


6.35 


36 


28.41 


14.60 


7.10 


26.73 


13.74 


6.68 


24.70 


12.69 


6.16 


37 


27.64 


14.20 


6.91 


26.00 


13.36 


6.50 


24.03 


12.35 


6.01 


38 


26.91 


13.82 


6.73 


25.32 


13.01 


6.33 


23.40 


12.03 


5.85 


39 


26.22 


13.47 


6.56 


24.67 


12.68 


6.17 


22.80 


11.72 


5.70 


40 


25.57 


13.14 


6.39 


24.05 


12.36 


6.01 


22.23 


11.42 


5.56 


41 


24.94 


12.82 


6.24 


23.47 


12.06 


5.87 


21.69 


11.15 


5.42 


42 


24.35 


12.51 


6.09 


22.91 


11.78 


5.73 


21.17 


10.88 


5.29 


43 


23.78 


12.22 


5.94- 


22.38 


11.50 


5.59 


20.68 


10.63 


5.17 


44 


23.24 


11.94 


5.81 


21.87 


11.24 


5.47 


20.21 


10.39 


5.05 


45 


22.72 


11.68 


5.68 


21.38 


10.99 


5.34 


19.76 


10.16 


4.94 


46 


22.23 


11.42 


5.56 


20.92 


10.75 


5.23 


19.33 


9.93 


4.84 


47 


21.76 


11.18 


5.44 


20.47 


10.52 


5.12 


18.92 


9.72 


4.73 


48 


21.30 


10.95 


5.32 


20.05 


10.30 


5.01 


18.52 


9.52 


4.63 


50 


20.45 


10.51 


5.11 


19.24 


9.89 


4.81 


17.79 


9.14 


4.45 


52 


19.67 


10.11 


4.92 


18.50 


9.51 


4.63 


17.10 


8.79 


4.28 


54 


18.94 


9.73 


4.73 


17.82 


9.16 


4.45 


16.47 


8.46 


4.12 


56 


18.26 


9.38 


4.56 


17.18 


8.83 


4.30 


15.88 


8.16 


3.97 


58 


17.63 


9.06 


4.41 


16.59 


8.52 


4.15 


15.33 


7.88 


3.83 


00 


17.04 


8.76 


4.26 


16.04 


8.24 


. 4.01 


1.4,82 


7.62 


3.70 



142 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued* 



Ring Frame Change Twist Gear Table. 

Cylinder 7 in. Diameter. 
Front Roll 1 in. Dia. Front Roll Gear 108 Teeth. 





Whirl f in. Dia. 


Whirl If in. 


Dia. 


Whirl f in. 


Dia 


c 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


1 : 8.33 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


L : 7.68 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


1 : 7.25 


CD 

o 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H Eh 


H H 


H H 


H H 






co -* 


m in 


<N CO 


CO -& 


m \a 


CM CO 


CO -^ 


io m 




IN CO 




lO IQ 


CM CO 


cc t- 


IO IO 


CT CO 


CO t- 








■ "3 


• T) 


. T) 


. Tl 


. T3 


. TS 


. -a 


• -o 


J3 

u 


">> 3 


* 3 


">. 3 


"£_ 3 


% 3 


->. 3 


" 3 


% 3 


■>> 3 


U co 


U w 


U CO 


V co 


U co 


U CO 


U co 


O co 


U CO 




Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


IfiT 


71.56 


36.77 


17.89 


65.98 


33.91 


16.50 


62.28 


32.00 


15.57 


17 


67.35 


34.61 


16.84 


62.09 


31.91 


15.52 


58.62 


30.12 


14.65 


18 


63.61 


32.69 


15.90 


58.65 


30.14 


14.66 


55.36 


28.45 


13.84 


19 


60.26 


30.97 


15.07 


55.56 


28.55 


13.89 


52.45 


26.95 


13.11 


20 


57.25 


29.42 


14.31 


52.78 


27.12 


13.20 


49.83 


25.60 


12.46 


21 


54.52 


28.02 


13.63 


50.27 


25.83 


12.57 


47.45 


24.39 


11.86 


22 


52.04 


26.74 


13.01 


47.98 


24.66 


12.00 


45.30 


23.28 


11.32 


23 


49.78 


25.58 


12.45 


45.89 


23.59 


11.50 


43.33 


22.26 


10.83 


24 


47.71 


24.52 


11.93 


43.98 


22.60 


11.00 


41.52 


21.33 


10.38 


25 


45.80 


23.54 


11.45 


42.23 


21.70 


10.56 


39.86 


20.48 


9.97 


26 


44.04 


22.63 


11.01 


40.60 


20.86 


10.15 


38.32 


19.70 


9.58 


27 


42.41 


21.79 


10.C0 


39.10 


20.09 


9.77 


36.91 


18.97 


9.23 


28 


40.89 


21.01 


10.22 


37.70 


19.37 


9.43 


35.59 


18.29 


8.89 


29 


39.48 


20.29 


9.87 


36.40 


18.71 


9.10 


34.36 


17.66 


8.59 


30 


38.17 


19.61 


9.54 


35.19 


18.08 


8.80 


33.22 


17.07 


8.30 


31 


36.93 


18.98 


9.23 


34.05 


17.50 


8.52 


32.15 


16.52 


8.04 


32 


35.78 


18.39 


8.95 


32.99 


16.95 


8.25 


31.14 


16.00 


7.78 


33 


34.70 


17.83 


8.67 


31.99 


16.44 


8.00 


30.20 


15.52 


7.55 


34 


33.68 


17.30 


8.42 


31.04 


15.95 


7.76 


29.31 


15.06 


7.33 


35 


32.71 


16.81 


8.18 


30:16 


15.21 


7.54 


2S.47 


14.03 


7.12 


36 


31.80 


16.34 


7.95 


29.32 


15.06 


7.33 


27.68 


14.22 


6.92 


37 


30.94 


15.90 


7.74 


28.53 


14.66 


7.13 


26.93 


13.84 


6.73 


38 


30.13 


15.48 


7.54 


27.78 


14.28 


6.95 


26.22 


13.48 


6.55 


39 


29.36 


15.08 


7.34 


27.06 


13.91 


6.77 


25.55 


13.13 


6.38 


40 


28.62 


14.71 


7.16 


26.39 


13.56 


6.60 


24.91 


12.80 


6.23 


41 


27.93 


14.35 


6.98 


25.74 


13.23 


6.44 


24.30 


12.49 


6.08 


42 


27.26 


14.00 


6.82 


25.13 


12.91 


6.28 


23.73 


12.19 


5.93 


43 


26.63 


13.68 


6.66 


24.55 


12.61 


6.14 


23.17 


11.91 


5.80 


44 


26.02 


13.37 


6.51 


23.99 


12.33 


6.00 


22.65 


11.64 


5.66 


45 


25.44 


13.07 


6.36 


23.46 


12.05 


5.87 


22.14 


11.38 


5.53 


46 


24.89 


12.79 


6.22 


22.95 


11.79 


5.74 


21.66 


11.13 


5.42 


47 


24.36 


12.52 


6.09 


22.46 


11.54 


5.62 


21.20 


10.89 


5.30 


48 


23.85 


12.26 


5.97 


21.99 


11.30 


5.50 


20.76 


10.67 


5.19 


50 


22.90 


11.77 


5.72 


21.11 


10.85 


5.28 


19.93 


10.24 


4.98 


52 


22.02 


11.31 


5.50 


20.30 


10.43 


5.08 


19.16 


9.85 


4.79 


54 


21.20 


10.90 


5.30 


19.55 


10.04 


4.89 


18.45 


9.48 


4.62 


56 


20.45 


10.51 


5.11 


18.85 


S.68 


4-72 


17.79 


9.14 


4.45 


58 


19.74 


10.14 


4.93 


18.20 


9.35 


4.55 


17.18 


8.83 


4.29 


60 


19.08 


9.81 


4.77 


17.59 


9.04 


4.40 


16.61 


8.53 


4.15 



143 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Ring Frame Change Twist Gear Table. 

Cylinder 8 in. Diameter. 

Front Roll 1 in. Dia. Front Roll Gear 108 Teeth. 





Whirl | in. Dia. 


Whirl i| in. 


Dia. 


Whirl | in. 


Dia. 


c 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


L : 9.52 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 1 : 8.91 


Cyl. : Whirl : : 


1 : 8.28 


<u 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 


H H 






CD tF 


lO lO 


N 00 


cd -# 


O lO 




CO -Jl 


lO 1C 


60 


CN 00 




lO lO 


<M 00 




ia io 


(M CO 


CO t- 


Id IO 




. -a 


. T3 


. -d 


. TS 


. -d 


. T3 


. T3 


. T3 




">> 3 


^ 3 


">> 3 


"£ 3 


"£ 3 


->- 3 


^ 3 


^ 3 


-Z. 3 


O w 


U co 


O m 


U co 


U W 


U W 


cj w 


U in 


u en 




Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


16T 


81.78 


42.03 


20.45 


76.55 


39,93 


19.13 


71.13 


36.55 


17.78 


17 


76.97 


39.56 


19.24 


72.04 


37.02 


18.01 


66.95 


34.40 


16.74 


18 


72.70 


37.36 


18.17 


68.04 


34.96 


17.01 


63.23 


32.49 


15.81 


19 


68.87 


35.39 


17.22 


64.46 


33.12 


16.11 


5S.90 


30.78 


14.97 


20 


65.43 


33.62 


16.36 


61.24 


31.46 


15.31 


56.91 


29.24 


14.22 


21 


62.31 


32.02 


15.58 


58.31 


29.97 


14.58 


54 20 


27.85 


13.55 


22 


59.48 


30.56 


14.87 


55.67 


28.61 


13.92 


51 73 


26.58 


12.93 


23 


56.89 


29.23 


14.22 


53.25 


27.36 


13.31 


49.48 


25.42 


12.37 


9A 


54.52 


28.02 


13.63 


51.03 


26.22 


12.76 


47.42 


24.37 


11.86 


25 


52.34 


26.90 


13.08 


48.99 


25.17 


12.25 


45.52 


23.39 


11.38 


w 


50.33 


25.86 


12.58 


47.10 


24.21 


11.77 


43.77 


22.49 


10.94 


27 


48.46 


24.90 


12.12 


45.36 


23.31 


11.34 


42.15 


21.66 


10.54 


28 


46.73 


24.01 


11.68 


43.74 


22.48 


10.93 


40.65 


20.89 


10.16 


?,9 


45.12 


23.19 


11.28 


42.23 


21.70 


10.55 


39.24 


20.17 


9.81 


30 


43.62 


22.41 


10.90 


40.82 


20.98 


10,21 


37.94 


19.49 


9.48 


31 


42.21 


21.69 


10.55 


39.51 


20.30 


9.88 


36.71 


18.87 


9.18 


32 


40.89 


21.01 


10.22 


38.28 


19.67 


9.57 


35.57 


18.28 


8.89 


33 


39.65 


20.38 


9.91 


37.12 


19.07 


9.28 


34.49 


17.72 


8.62 


34 


38.49 


19.78 


9.62 


36.02 


18.51 


9.01 


33.47 


17.20 


8.37 


35 


37.39 


19.21 


9.35 


35.14 


17.98 


8.75 


32.52 


16.71 


8.13 


36 


36.35 


18.68 


9.09 


34.02 


17.48 


8.51 


31.61 


16.24 


7.90 


37 


35.37 


18.17 


8.84 


33.10 


17.01 


8.27 


30.76 


15.81 


7.69 


38 


34.44 


17.69 


8.60 


32.23 


16.55 


8.05 


29.95 


15.39 


7.49 


39 


33.55 


17.24 


8.38 


31.40 


16.13 


7.85 


29.18 


15.00 


7.29 


40 


32.71 


16.81 


8.18 


30.62 


15.73 


7.65 


28.45 


14.62 


7.11 


41 


31.91 


16.40 


7.98 


29.88 


15.35 


7.47 


27.76 


14.26 


6.94 


42 


31.16 


16.01 


7.79 


29.16 


14.98 


7.29 


27.10 


13 92 


6.77 


43 


30.43 


15.64 


7.61 


28.48 


14.64 


7.12 


26.47 


13.60 


6.62 


44 


29.74 


15.28 


7.43 


27.84 


14.30 


6.96 


25.87 


13.29 


6.47 


45 


29.08 


14.94 


7.27 


27.21 


13.98 


6.80 


25.29 


13.00 


6.32 


46 


28.45 


14.62 


7.11 


26.62 


13.68 


6.65 


24.74 


12.71 


6.18 


47 


27.84 


14.31 


6.96 


26.06 


13.39 


6.51 


24.21 


12.44 


6.05 


48 


27.26 


14.01 


6.81 


25.52 


13.11 


6.38 


23.71 


12.18 


5.93 


50 


26.17 


13.45 


6.54 


24.49 


12.59 


6.12 


22.76 


11.70 


5.69 


52 


25.16 


12.93 


6.29 


23.56 


12.10 


5.89 


21.89 


11.25 


5.47 


54 


.24.23 


12.45 


6.06 


22.68 


11.66 


5.67 


21.08 


10.83 


5.27 


56 


23.37 


12.01 


5.84 


21.87 


11.24 


5.46 


20.32 


10.44 


5.08 


58 


22.56 


11.59 


5.64 


21.12 


10.85 


5.28 


19.62 


10.08 


4.91 


60 


21.81 


11.21 


5.45 


20.41 


10.49 


5.10 


18.97 


9.75 


4.74 



144 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued* 



Twist Tables. 



1*1 
u 1 


1° 


IN 


Extra 
Mule 
Warp 
Twist. 


6 .3 .a 

23,* 




hi) 
H o 




.2 c 

O ns 


i 


1.0000 


4.75 


4.00 


3.50 


3.25 


2.75 


2.50 


2 


1.4142 


6.72 


5.66 


4.95 


4.60 


3.89 


3.53 


3 


1.7320 


8.23 


6.93 


6.06 


5.63 


4.76 


4.33 


4 


2.0000 


9.50 


8.00 


7.00 


6.50 


5.50 


5.00 


5 


2.2360 


10.62 


8.94 


7.83 


7.27 


6.15 


5.59 


6 


2.4494 


11.63 


9.80 


8.57 


7.96 


6.73 


6.12 


7 


2.6457 


12.56 


10.58 


9.26 


8.60 


7.27 


6.01 


8 


2.8284 


13.43 


11.31 


9.90 


9.19 


7.78 


7.07 


9 


3.0000 


14.25 


12.00 


10.50 


9.75 


8.25 


7.50 


10 


3.1622 


15.02 


12.65 


11.07 


10.27 


8.69 


7.90 


11 


3.3166 


15.75 


13.26 


11.61 


10.78 


9.12 


8.29 


12 


3.4641 


16.45 


13.86 


12.12 


11.26 


9.52 


8.66 


13 


3.6055 


17.12 


14.42 


12.62 


11.72 


9.91 


9.01 


14 


3.7416 


17.77 


14.96 


13.10 


12.16 


10.29 


9.35 


15 


3.8729 


18.39 


15.49 


13.56 


12.59 


10.65 


9.68 


16 


4.0000 


19.00 


16.00 


14.00 


13.00 


11.00 


10.00 


17 


4.1231 


19.58 


16.49 


14.43 


13.40 


11.34 


10.31 


18 


4.2426 


20.15 


16.97 


14.85 


13.79 


11.66 


10.60 


19 


4.3588 


20.70 


17.43 


15.26 


14.17 


11.98 


10.89 


20 


4.4721 


21.24 


17.89 


15.65 


14.53 


12.30 


11.18 


21 


4.5825 


21.76 


18.33 


16.04 


14.89 


12.60 


11.46 


22 


4.6904 


22.27 


18.76 


16.42 


15.24 


12.89 


11.73 


23 


4.7958 


22.78 


19.80 


16.79 


15.59 


13.19 


11.99 


24 


4.8989 


23.27 


19.59 


17.15 


15.92 


13.47 


12.25 


25 


5.0000 


23.75 


20.00 


17.50 


16.25 


13.75 


12.50 


26 


5.0990 


24.22 


20.39 


17-85 


16.57 


14.02 


12.75 


27 


5.1961 


24.68 


20.78 


18.19 


16.89 


14.29 


12.99 


28 


5.2915 


25.13 


21.16 


18.52 


17.20 


14.55 


13.23 


29 


5.3851 


25.58 


21.54 


18.85 


17.50 


14.81 


13.46 


30 


5.4772 


26.02 


21.91 


19.17 


17.80 


15.06 


13.69 


31 


5.5677 


26.44 


22.27 


19.49 


18.10 


15.31 


13.92 


32 


5.6568 


26.87 


22.63 


19.80 


18.38 


15.55 


14.14 


33 


5.7445 


27.28 


22.98 


20.11 


18.67 


15.80 


14.36 


34 


5.8309 


27.69 


23.32 


20,41 


18.95 


16.03 


14.58 


35 


5.9160 


28.10 


23.66 


20.71 


19.23 


16.27 


14.79 


36 


6.0000 


28.50 


24.00 


21.00 


19.50 


16.50 


15.00 


37 


6.0827 


28.89 


24.33 


21.29 


19.77 


16.72 


15.21 


38 


6.1644 


29.28 


24.66 


21.58 


20.03 


16.95 


15.41 


39 


6.2449 


29.66 


24.98 


21.86 


20.30 


17.17 


15.61 


40 


6.3245 


30.04 


25.30 


22.14 


20.55 


17.39 


15.81 


41 


6.4031 


30.42 


25.61 


22.41 


20.81 


17.61 


16.01 


42 


6.4807 


30.78 


25.92 


22.68 


21.06 


17.82 


16.20 


43 


6.5574 


31.14 


26.23 


22.95 


21.31 


18.03 


16.39 


44 


6.6332 


31.50 


26.53 


23.22 


21.56 


18.24- 


16.58 


45 


6.7082 


31.86 


26.83 


23.48 


21.80 


18.45 


16.77 


46 


6.7823 


32.21 


27.13 


23.74 


22.04 


18.65 


16.96 


47 


6.8556 


32.56 


27.42 


23.99 


22.28 


18.85 


17.14 


48 


6.9282 


32.90 


27.71 


24.25 


22.52 


19.05 


17.32 


49 


7.0000 


33.25 


2 s .00 


24.50 


22.75 


19.25 


17.50 


50 


7.0710 


33.58 


28.28 


24.75 


22.98 


19.44 


^17.68 



145 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W, CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Twist Tables. Continued. 



w e' 


« 


22 D.-*-* 


rf d; a.^ 


<D MJ 


v b0„- 


Mi 


£ . 


° 1 




e J3-2 


i- 3 Jh™ 


E.s.a 


Ill 


'5 o5 

H o 

Q 


.a c 

o rt 


51 


7.1414 


33.92 


28.56 


24.99 


23.21 


19.64 


17.85 


52 


7.2111 


34.25 


28.84 


25.24 


23.44 


19.83 


18.03 


53 


7.2801 


34.58 


29.12 


25.48 


23.66 


20.02 


18.20 


54 


7.3484 


34.90 


29.39 


25.72 


23.88 


20.21 


18.37 


55 


7.4161 


35.22 


29.66 


25.96 


24.10 


20.39 


18.54 


56 


7.4833 


35.54 


29.93 


26.19 


24.32 


20.58 


18.71 


57 


7.5498 


35.86 


30.20 


26.42 


24.53 


20.76 


18.87 


58 


7.6157 


36.17 


30.46 


26.66 


24.75 


20.94 


19.04 


59 


7.6811 


36.48 


30.72 


26.88 


24.96 


21.12 


19.20 


CO 


7.7459 


36.79 


30.98 


27.11 


25.16 


21.30 


19.36 


CI 


7.8102 


37.10 


31.24 


27.34 


25.38 


21.48 




62 


7.8740 


37.40 


31.49 


27.56 


25.59 


21.65 




03 


7.9372 


37.70 


31.74 


27.78 


25.79 


21.83 




64 


8.0000 


38.00 


32.00 


28.00 


26.00 


22.00 




65 


8.0622 


38.29 


32.25 


28.22 


26.20 


22.17 




66 


8.1240 


38.59 


32.49 


28.43 


26.40 


22.34 




67 


8.1853 


38.88 


32.74 


28.65 


26.60 


22.51 




63 


8.2462 


39.16 


32.98 


28.86 


26.80 


22.68 




6) 


8.3066 


39.46 


33.22 


29.07 


26.99 


22.84 




70 


8.3666 


39.74 


33.46 


29.28 


27.19 


23.01 




71 


8.4261 


40.02 


33.70 


29.49 


27.38 


23.17 




72 


8.4852 


40.30 


33.94 


29.70 


27.58 


23.33 




73 


8.5440 


40.58 


34.17 


29.90 


27.77 


23.50 




74 


8.6023 


40.86 


34.41 


30.11 


27.96 


23.65 




75 


8.6602 


41.14 


34.64 


30.31 


28.14 


23.81 




76 


8.7177 


41.41 


34.87 


30.51 


28.33 


23.97 




77 


8.7749 


41.68 


35.09 


30.71 


28.51 


24.13 




78 


8.8317 


41.95 


35.32 


30.91 


28.70 


24.28 




79 


8.8881 


42.22 


35.55 


31.11 


28.89 


24.44 




80 


8.9442 


42.48 


35.77 


31.30 


29.07 


24.60 




81 


9.0000 


42.75 


36.00 


31.50 


29.25 


24.75 




82 


9.0553 


43.01 


36.22 


31.69 


29.43 


24.90 




83 


9.1104 


43.27 


36.44 


31.89 


29.61 


25.05 




84 


9.1651 


43.53 


36.66 


32.08 


29.79 


25.20 




£5 


9.2195 


43.79 


36.88 


32.27 


29.96 


25.35 




£6 


9.2736 


44.05 


37.09 


32.46 


30.14 


25.50 




87 


9.3273 


44.30 


37.31 


32.65 


30.31 


25.65 




88 


9.3808 


44.56 


37.52 


32.83 


30.48 


25.79 




89 


9.4339 


44.81 • 


37.73 


33.02 


30.66 


25.94 




90 


9.4868 


45.06 


37.95 


33.20 


30.83 


26.09 




91 


9.5393 


45.31 


38.16 


33.39 


31.00 


26.23 




92 


9.5916 


45.56 


38.36 


33.57 


31.17 


26.37 




93 


9.6436 


45.80 


38.57 


33.75 


31.34 


26.52 




94 


9.6953 


46.05 


38.78 


33.93 


31.51 


26.66 




95 


9.7467 


46.30 


38.98 


34.11 


31.67 


26.80 




96 


9.7979 


46.54 


39.19 


34.29 


31.84 


26.94 




97 


9.8488 


46.78 


39.39 


34.47 


32.01 


27.08 




98 


9.8994 


47.02 


39.60 


34.65 


32.17 


27.22 




99 


9.9498 


47.26 


39.80 


34.82 


32.33 


27.36 




100 


10.0000 


47.50 


40.00 


35.00 


32.50 


27.50 





146 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued, 



Twist Tables. Continued. 



Is- 2 

U 3 






Extra 
Mule 
Warp 
Twist. 


m 









101 


10.0499 


47.74 


40.20 


35.17 


32.66 


27.64 




102 


10.0995 


47.97 


40.40 


35.35 


32.82 


27.77 




103 


10.1489 


48.21 


40.60 


35.52 


32.98 


27.91 




101 


10.1980 


48.44 


40.79 


35.69 


33.14 


28.04 




105 


10.2470 


48.67 


40.99 


35.86 


33.30 


28.18 




106 


10.2956 


48.90 


41.18 


36.03 


33.46 


28.31 




107 


10.3441 


49.13 


41.38 


36.20 


33.62 


28.44 




108 


10.3923 


49.36 


41.57 


36.37 


33.78 


28.58 




109 


10.4403 


49.59 


41.76 


36.54 


33.93 


28.71 




110 


10.4881 


49.82 


41.95 


36.71 


34.09 


28.84 




111 


10.5357 


50.04 


42.14 


36.87 


34.24 


28.97 




112 


10.5830 


50.27 


42.33 


37.04 


34.39 


29.10 




113 


10.6301 


50.49 


42.52 


37.21 


34.55 


29.23 




111 


10.6771 


50.72 


42.71 


37.37 


34.70 


29.36 




1J5 


10.7238 


50.94 


42.90 


37.53 


34.85 


29.49 




116 


10.7703 


51.16 


43.08 


37.70 


35.00 


29.62 




117 


10.8167 


51.38 


43.27 


37.86 


35.15 


29.75 




118 


10.8628 


51.60 


43.45 


38.02 


35.30 


29.87 




119 


10.9087 


51.82 


43.63 


38.18 


35.45 


30.00 




120 


10.9545 


52.03 


43.82 


38.34 


35.60 


30.12 




121 


11.0000 


52.25 


44.00 


38.50 


35.75 


30.25 




122 


11.0454 


52.47 


44.18 


38.66 


35.90 


30.27 




123 


11.0905 


52.68 


44.36 


38.82 


36.04 


30.50 




124 


11.1355 


52.89 


44.54 


38.97 


36.19 


30.62 




125 


11.1803 


53.11 


44.72 


39.13 


36.34 


30.75 




126 


11.2250 


53.32 


44.90 


39.29 


36.48 


30.87 




127 


11.2694 


53.53 


45.08 


39.44 


36.63 


30.99 




128 


11.3137 


53.74 


45.25 


39.60 


36.77 


31.11 




129 


11.3578 


53.95 


45.43 


39.75 


36.91 


31.23 




130 


11.4018 


54.16 


45.61 


39.91 


37.06 


31.35 




131 


11.4455 


54.37 


45.78 


40.06 


37.20 


31.48 




132 


11.4891 


54.57 


45.96 


40.21 


37.34 


31.60 




133 


11.5326 


54.78 


46.13 


40.36 


37.48 


31.71 




134 


11.5758 


54.99 


46.30 


40.52 


37.62 


31.83 




135 


11.6190 


55.19 


46.48 


40.67 


37.76 


31.95 




136 


11.6619 


55.39 


46.65 


40.82 


37.90 


32.07 




137 


11.7047 


55.60 


46.82 


40.97 


38.04 


32.19 




138 


11.7473 


55.80 


46.99 


41.12 


38.18 


32.31 




139 


11.7898 


56.00 


47.16 


41.26 


38.32 


32.42 




140 


11.8322 


56.20 


47.33 


41.41 


38.45 


32.54 




141 


11.8743 


56.40 


47.50 


41.56 


38.59 


32.65 




142 


11.9164 


56.60 


47.67 


41.71 


38.73 


32.77 




143 


11.9583 


56.80 


47.83 


41.85 


38.86 


32.89 




144 


12.0000 


57.00 


48.00 


42.00 


39.00 


33.00 




145 


12.0416 


57.20 


48.17 


42.15 


39.14 


33.11 




146 


12.0830 


57.39 


48.33 


42.29 


39.27 


33.23 




147 


12.1244 


57.59 


48.50 


42.44 


39.40 


33.34 




148 


12.1655 


57.79 


48.66 


42.58 


39.54 


33.46 




149 


12.2066 


57.98 


48.83 


42.72 


39.67 


33.57 




150 


12.2474 


58.18 


48.99 


42.87 


39.80 


33.68 





147 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued* 



Twist Tables. Concluded. 



u 1 




Frame 
Warp 
Twist. 


Extra 
Mule 
Warp 
Twist. 


E.2.3 


Mule 
Filling 
Twist. 


H § 





151 


12.2882 


58.37 


49.15 


43.01 


39.94 


33.79 




152 


12.3288 


58.56 


49.32 


43.15 


40.07 


33.90 




153 


12.3693 


58.75 


49.48 


43.29 


40.20 


34.02 




154 


12.4097 


58.95 


49.64 


43.43 


40.33 


34.13 




155 


12.4499 


59.14 


49.80 


43.57 


40.46 


34.24 




156 


12.4900 


59.33 


49.96 


43.72 


40.59 


34.35 




157 


12.5300 


59.52 


50.12 


43.86 


40.72 


34.46 




158 


12.5698 


59.71 


50.28 


43.99 


40.85 


34.57 




159 


12.6095 


59.90 


50.44 


44.13 


40.98 


34.68 




160 


12.6491 


60.08 


50.60 


44.27 


41.11 


34.79 




161 


12.6886 


60.27 


50.75 


44.41 


41.24 


34.89 




162 


12.7279 


60.46 


50.91 


44.55 


41.37 


35.00 




163 


12.7671 


60.64 


51.07 


44.68 


41.49 


35.11 




164 


12.8062 


60.83 


51.22 


44.82 


41.62 


35.22 




165 


12.8452 


61.01 


51.38 


44.96 


41.75 


35.32 




166 


12.8841 


61.20 


51.54 


45.09 


41.87 


35.43 




167 


12.9228 


61.38 


51.69 


45.23 


42.00 


35.54 




168 


12.9015 


61.57 


51.85 


45.37 


42.12 


35.64 




169 


13.0000 


61.75 


52.00 


45.50 


42.25 


35.75 




170 


13.0384 


61.93 


52.15 


45.63 


42.37 


35.86 




171 


13.0767 


62.11 


52.31 


45.77 


42.50 


35.96 




172 


13.1149 


62.30 


52.46 


45.90 


42.62 


36.07 




173 


13.1529 


62.48 


52.61 


46.04 


42.75 


36.17 




174 


13.1909 


62.66 


52.76 


46.17 


42.87 


36.27 




175 


13.2288 


62.84 


52.92 


46.30 


42.99 


36.38 




176 


13.2665 


63.02 


53.07 


46.43 


43.12 


36.48 




177 


13.3041 


63.19 


53.22 


46.56 


43.24 


36.59 




178 


13.3417 


63.37 


53.37 


46.70 


43.36 


36.69 




179 


13.3791 


63.55 


53.52 


46.83 


43.48 


36.79 




180 


13.4164 


63.73 


53.67 


46.96 


43.60 


36.90 




181 


13.4536 


63.90 


53.81 


47.09 


43.72 


37.00 




182 


13.4907 


64.08 


53.96 


47.22 


43.84 


37.10 




183 


13.5277 


64.26 


54.11 


47.35 


43.97 


37.20 




184 


13.5647 


64.43 


54.26 


47.48 


44.09 


37.30 




185 


13.6015 


64.61 


54.41 


47.61 


44.20 


37.40 




186 


13.6382 


64.78 


54.55 


47.73 


44.32 


37.51 




187 


13.6748 


64.96 


54.70 


47.86 


44.44 


37.61 




188 


13.7113 


65.13 


54.85 


47.99 


44.56 


37.71 




189 


13.7477 


65.30 . 


54.99 


48.12 


44.68 


37.81 




190 


13.7840 


65.47 


55.14 


48.24 


44.80 


37.91 




191 


13.8203 


65.65 


55.28 


48.37 


44.92 


38.01 




192 


13.8564 


65.82 


55.43 


48.50 


45.03 


38.11 




193 


13.8924 


65.99 


55.57 


48.62 


45.15 


38.20 




194 


13.9284 


66.16 


55.71 


48.75 


45.27 


38.30 




195 


13.9642 


66.33 


55.86 


48.87 


45.38 


38.40 




196 


14.0000 


66.50 


56.00 


49.00 


45.50 


38.50 




197 


14.0357 


66.67 


56.14 


49.12 


45.62 


38.60 




198 


14.0712 


66.84 


56.28 


49.25 


45.73 


38.70 




199 


14.1067 


67.01 


56.43 


49.37 


45.85 


38.79 




200 


14.1421 


67.17 


56.57 


49.50 


45.96 


38.89 





Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued » 



Table for Numbering Yarn by Grains. 



No. of 


Grains 


No. of 


Grains 


No. of 


Grains 


Yarn. 


per Hank. 


Yarn. 


per Hank. 


Yarn . 


per Hank. 


9 


777.77 


20% 


344.44 


31% 


222.22 


9% 


756.75 


20% 


341.46 


31% 


220.47 


9% 


736.84 


20% 


337.34 


32 


218.75 


9% 


720.51 


21 


333.33 


32% 


217.05 


10 


700.00 


21% 


329.41 


32% 


215.38 


io% 


682.92 


21% 


325.58 


32% 


213.74 


io% 


666.66 


21% 


321.83 


33 


212.12 


10% 


651.16 


22 


318.18 


33% 


210.52 


H 


636.36 


22% 


314.60 


33% 


208.95 


n% 


622.22 


22% 


311.11 


33% 


207.40 


n% 


608.69 


22% 


307.69 


34 


205.88 


n% 


595.74 


23 


304.34 


34% 


204.30 


12 


583.33 


23% 


301.07 


34% 


202.89 


12J< 


571.42 


23% 


297.87 


34% 


201.43 


12% 


560.00 


23% 


294.73 


35 


200.00 


12% 


549.01 


24 


291.66 


35% 


198.58 


13 


546.15 


24% 


288.65 


35% 


197.32 


13i< 


526.11 


24% 


285.71 


35% 


195.80 


13% 


518.51 


24% 


282.82 


36 


194.44 


13% 


509.09 


25 


280.00 


36/ 


193.10 


14 


500.00 


25% 


277.22 


3C% 


191.78 


141/ 


491.22 


25% 


274.50 


3f% 


190.47 


14% 


482.75 


253/ 


271.84 


37 


189.18 


14% 


474.57 


26 


269.23 


37% 


187.91 


15 /+ 


466.66 


2C% 


266.66 


37% 


186.66 


15% 


459.01 


2C% 


264.15 


37% 


185.42 


15% 


451.61 


2e% 


261.68 


38 


184.21 


15% 


444.44 


27 


259.25 


38% 


183.00 


16 /4 


437.50 


27% 


256.88 


38% 


181.81 


16% 


430.76 


27% 


254.54 


38% 


180.63 


16% 


424.24 


27% 


252.52 


39 


179.48 


16% 


417.91 


28 


250.00 


39% 


178.34 


n 


411.76 


28% 


247.78 


39% 


177.21 


17% 


405.79 


28% 


245.61 


39% 


176.10 


17% 


400.00 


28% 


243.46 


40 


175.00 


17% 


394.36 


29 


241.37 


40% 


173.91 


18 


388.88 


29% 


239.31 


40% 


172.83 


.18% 


383.56 


29% 


237.28 


40% 


171.77 


18% 


378.37 


29% 


235.29 


41 


170.73 


18% 


373.33 


30 


233.33 


41% 


169.(i9 


19 


368.42 


30% 


231.40 


41% 


168.07 


19% 


363.63 


30'/ 


229.50 


41% 


167.66 


19% 


358.97 


30% 


227.64 


42 


166.66 


19% 


354.43 


31 


225.80 


42% 


165.68 


■ 20 /4 


350.00 


31% 


224.08 


42% 


164.70 



149 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Table for Numbering Yarn by Grains. 



No. of 


Grains 


No. of 


Grains 


No. of 


Grains 


Yarn. 


per Hank. 


Yarn. 


per Hank. 


Yarn. 


per Hank. 


42% 


163.74 


54 


129.62 


81 


86.40 


43 


162.79 


544 


129.03 


82 


85.40 


43% 


161.84 


54i4 


128.44 


83 


84.30 


434 


160.91 


54% 


127.85 


84 


83.30 


43% 


160.00 


55 


127.27 


85 


82.40 


44 


159.09 


55% 


126.69 


86 


81.40 


44% 


158.19 


55-4 


126.12 


87 


80.40 


444 


157.41 


55% 


125.56 


88 


79.50 


4434 


156.42 


56 


125.00 


89 


78.60 


45 


155.55 


56% 


124.49 


90 


77.80 


45% 


154.69 


564 


123.89 


91 


76.90 


454 


153.84 


56% 


123.34 


92 


76.10 


4534 


152.95 


57 


122.80 


93 


75.30 


46 


152.17 


57% 


122.27 


94 


74.50 


46% 


151.30 


574 


121.73 


95 


73.70 


464 


150.53 


57% 


121.21 


96 


72.90 


463^ 


149.73 


58 


120.68 


97 


72.30 


47 


148.93 


58% 


120.17 


98 


71.40 


47% 


148.14 


584 


119.65 


99 


70.70 


474 


" 147.34 


58% 


119.14 


100 


70.00 


4734 


146.59 


59 


118.47 


105 


66.70 


48 


145.83 


59% 


118.14 


110 


63.60 


48% 


145.07 


59% 


117.64 


115 


60.90 


484 


144.32 


59% 


117.15 


120 


58.30 


48% 


143.58 


60 


116.66 


125 


56.00 


49 


142.85 


61 


114.80 


130 


53.80 


49% 


142.13 


62 


112.90 


135 


51.80 


49% 


141.41 


63 


111.10 


140 


50.00 


49% 


140.70 


64 


109.30 


145 


48.30 


50 


140.00 


65 


107.70 


150 


46.70 


50% 


139.30 


66 


106.10 


155 


45.20 


50% 


138.61 


67 


104.40 


160 


43.80 


50% 


137.93 


68 


102.90 


165 


42.40 


51 


137.29 


69 


101.40 


170 


41.20 


51% 


136.58 


70 


100.00 


175 


40.00 


51 4 


135.92 


71 


98.60 


180 


38.90 


51% 


135.26 


72 


97.20 


185 


37.80 


52 


134.61 


73 


95.90 


190 


36.80 


52% 


133.97 


74 


94.60 


195 


35.90 


52% 


133.33 


75 


93.30 


200 


35.00 


52% 


132.70 


76 


92.10 






53 


132.07 


77 


90.90 






53% 


131.45 


78 


89.70 






53% 


130.84 


79 


88.60 






53% 


130.23 


80 


87.50 







15° 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Sizes of Rings and Bobbins 

Recommended for Spinning Frames on Different Yarns. 



WARP. 



Number 
of 


Space 
of 


Diam. 
of 


Length 
of 


Length 
of 


Diam. 
of 


Gravity 
Spindle. 


Yarn. 


Frame. 


Ring. 


Traverse. 


Bobbin. 


Bobbin. 


i- 5 


3^" 


2^" 


7&" 


m" 


\" TiT/i" 


Large. 


6- ii 


3'*" 


2#" 


7^" 


&M" 


\" -x.1%" 


Large. 


12- 15 


3 '+" 


2/ 8 " 


7# 


8%" 


\" XI l i" 


Large. 


16- 19 


3 " 


2 ' 


7 " 


%%" 


\" xiit" 


Medium. 


20- 24 


3 ' 


I&" 


7 " 


m" 


i"xi%" 


Medium. 


25- 29 


2 V 


i£" 


b%" 


n%" 


W' x i T V 


Medium. 


30- 39 


■2%," 


ifc" 


£>%" 


i%" 


%" xi y%" 


Standard. 


40- 49 


*%" 


itf" 


6 " 


7K" 


%" xiy s " 


Standard. 


50- 59 


2%" 


itf" 


6 " 


l)i" 


\l" XIx 1 /' 


Standard. 


60-120 


2%," 


iH" 


5^" 


6%" 


\%" XI T V' 


Standard. 



FILLING. 



1- 9 


2%" 


iH" 


1)4." 


8&" 


%," XI%" 


Medium. 


10- 19 


2%," 


iH" 


7 " 


8^" 


%" xi 3 /s" 


Medium. 


20- 29 


2l" 


ift" 


(>%." 


7X" 


W xiA" 


Medium. 


30- 35 


*%" 


6%" 


7%" 


^s" xi#" 


Medium. 


36- 39 


2\" 


1*" 


6 " 


7%" 


y 8 " xi A" 


Standard. 


40- 49 


2%" 


i%" 


6 " 


7%" 


Yi" xiYs" 


Standard. 


50- 59 


2\" 


i%" 


5^" 


6%" 


y%" xiYs" 


Standard 


60- 79 


2%" 


iA" 


5^" 


m" 


y%" xiJg" 


Standard 


80-120 


2%" 


i/s" 


5^" 


6%" 


y 8 "xi " 


Standard. 



Note: — Warp and Filling Rings for Numbers above No. 50, use No. 1 
Flange. 



151 



Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Production Table of Ring Warp Yarn, 

Front Roll \ in. Diameter. 



Number 
of 


Twist 
per 
Inch. 


Rev. of 
Front Roll 


Rev. of 

Spindles 


Hanks 
per Day 


Pounds 
per day 


Number 
of 


Yarn. 


per 
Minute. 


per 

Minute. 


per 

Spindle. 


per 

Spindle. 


Yarn. 


4 


9.50 


166.0 


4950 


9.115 


2.279 


4 


5 


10.62 


163.2 


5450 


8.962 


1.792 


5 


6 


11.63 


161.4 


5900 


8.863 


1.477 


6 


7 


12.56 


159.6 


6300 


8.764 


1.252 


7 


8 


13.43 


157.6 


6650 


8.654 


1.082 


8 


9 


14.25 


156.3 


7000 


8.583 


.954 


9 


10 


15.02 


153.6 


7250 


8.530 


.853 


10 


11 


15.75 


151.5 


7500 


8.413 


.765 


11 


12 


16.45 


150.0 


7750 


8.330 


.694 


12 


13 


17.12 


147.8 


7950 


8.208 


.631 


13 


14 


17.77 


145.9 


8150 


8.103 


.579 


14 


15 


18.39 


143.6 


8300 


7.975 


.532 


15 


18 


19.00 


141.5 


8450 


7.858 


.497 


16 


17 


19.58 


139.7 


8600 


7.758 


.468 


17 


18 


20.15 


138.1 


8750 


7.670 


.429 


18 


19 


20.70 


136.0 


8850 


7.553 


.398 


19 


20 


21.24 


134.0 


8950 


7.525 


.376 


20 


21 


21.76 


132.3 


9050 


7.430 


. .354 


21 


22 


22.27 


130.0 


9100 


7.301 


.332 


22 


23 


22.78 


127.8 


9150 


7.177 


.312 


23 


24 


23.27 


125.8 


9200 


7.065 


.294 


24 


25 


23.75 


124.6 


9300 


6.998 


.280 


25 


26 


24.22 


123.7 


9400 


7.024 


.270 


26 


27 


24.68 


121.9 


9450 


6.922 


.256 


27 


28 


25.13 


120.2 


9500 


6.825 


.244 


28 


29 


25.58 


118.2 


9500 


6.712 


.231 


29 


30 


26.02 


116.2 


9500 


6.598 


.220 


30 


31 


26.44 


114.4 


9500 


6.496 


.210 


31 


32 


26.87 


112.5 


9500 


6.388 


.200 


32 


33 


27.28 


111.4 


9550 


6.326 


.192 


33 


34 


27.69 


110.3 


9600 


6.263 


.184 


34 


35 


28.10 


108.7 


9600 


6.240 


.178 


35 



Allowance has been made for cleaning, oiling and doffing. 



152 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 
Production Table of Ring Warp Yarn* 

Front Roll 1 in. Diameter. 



Number 
of 


Twist 
per 
Inch. 


Rev. of 
Front Roll 


Rev. of 

Spindles 


Hanks 
per Day 


Pounds 
per day 


Number 
of 


Yarn. 


per 
Minute. 


per 

Minute. 


per 
Spindle. 


per 

Spindle. 


Yarn. 


36 


28.50 


108.3 


9700 


6.217 


.173 


36 


37 


28.89 


106.8 


9700 


6.131 


.166 


37 


38 


29.28 


106.5 


9800 


6.114 


.161 


38 


39 


29.66 


105.2 


9800 


6.039 


.155 


39 


40 


29.07 


106.2 


9700 


6.097 


.152 


40 


41 


29.44 


104.9 


9700 


6.022 


.147 


41 


42 


29.80 


103.6 


9700 


5.947 


.142 


42 


43 


30.13 


102.5 


9700 


5.884 


.137 


43 


44 


30.49 


101.2 


9700 


5.810 


.132 


44 


45 


30.82 


100.2 


9700 


5.815 


.129 


45 


40 


31.18 


99.0 


9700 


5.745 


.125 


46 


47 


31.51 


98.0 


9700 


5.687 


.121 


47 


48 


31.83 


97.0 


9700 


5.629 


.117 


48 


49 


32.20 


95.9 


9700 


5.565 


.114 


49 


50 


32.52 


94.9 


9700 


5.508 


.110 


50 


55 


33.34 


91.6 


9600 


5.373 


.098 


55 


60 


34.83 


87.7 


9600 


5.199 


.087 


60 


65 


36.27 


84.2 


9600 


4.991 


.077 


65 


70 


37.62 


81.2 


9600 


4.814 


.069 


70 


75 


38.10 


79.4 


9500 


4.707 


.063 


75 


80 


39.33 


76.9 


9500 


4.606 


.058 


80 


85 


39.64 


74.0 


9100 


4.433 


.052 


85 


90 


40.76 


71.0 


9100 


4.297 


.048 


90 


95 


41.88 


68.5 


9000 


4.146 


.044 


95 


100 


42.00 


65.9 


8700 


4.030 


.040 


100 


110 


44.01 


61.5 


8500 


3.761 


.034 


110 


120 


44.89 


58.1 


8200 


3.553 


.030 


120 


130 


46.74 


53.1 


7800 


3.281 


.025 


130 


140 


47.32 


47.1 


7000 


2.910 


.021 


140 


150 


48.96 


42.9 


6600 


2.650 


.018 


150 


160 


50.56 


37.8 


6000 


2.335 


.015 


160 


170 


52.12 


33.6 


5500 


2.076 


.012 


170 



Allowance has been made for cleaning, oiling and doffing. 



153 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinning, Continued. 



Production Table of Ring Filling Yarn. 



Front Roll \ in. Diameter. 



Number 

of 

Yarn. 


Twist 
per 
Inch. 


Rev. of 
Front Roll 


Rev. of 
Spindles 


Hanks 
per Day 


Pounds 
per day 


Number 
of 


per 
Minute. 


per 
Minute. 


per 

Spindle. 


per 
Spindle. 


Yarn. 


4 


7.00 


182.0 


4000 


9.656 


2.414 


4 


5 


7.83 


178.8 


4400 


9.483 


1.897 


5 


6 


8.57 


178.3 


4800 


9.568 


1.594 


6 


7 


9.26 


176.9 


5150 


9.494 


1.356 


7 


8 


9.90 


175.3 


5450 


9.407 


1.176 


8 


9 


10.50 


172.7 


5700 


9.267 


1.030 


9 


10 


11.07 


171.0 


5950 


9.283 


.928 


10 


11 


11.61 


168.6 


6150 


9.153 


.832 


11 


12 


12.12 


166.7 


6350 


9.154 


.763 


12 


13 


12.62 


164.0 


6500 


9.005 


.693 


13 


14 


13.10 


162.7 


6700 


8.934 


.638 


14 


15 


13.56 


160.7 


6850 


8.825 


.588 


15 


16 


14.00 


158.0 


6950 


8.676 


.542 


16 


17 


14.43 


156.6 


7100 


8.599 


.506 


17 


18 


14.85 


154.3 


7200 


8.473 


.471 


18 


19 


15.26 


152.5 


7300 


8.374 


.441 


19 


20 


15.65 


150.4 


7400 


8.352 


.418 


20 


21 


16.04 


148.8 


7500 


8.264 


.394 


21 


22 


16.42 


147.3 


7600 


8.181 


.372 


22 


23 


16.79 


145.9 


7700 


8.103 


.352 


23 


24 


17.15 


144.7 


7800 


8.034 


.335 


24 


25 


17.50 


142.8 


7850 


7.930 


.317 


25 


26 


17.85 


140.0 


7850 


7.862 


.302 


26 


27 


17.64 


141.6 


7850 


7.952 


.295 


27 


28 


17.99 


139.7 


7900 


7.845 


.280 


28 


29 


18.29 


137.4 


7900 


7.717 


.266 


29 


30 


18.35 


136.9 


7900 


7.774 


.259 


30 


31 


18.62 


135.0 


7900 


7.666 


.248 


31 


32 


18.64 


134.9 


7900 


7.660 


.239 


32 


33 


18.94 


133,3 


7900 


7.569 


.229 


33 


34 


18.95 


132.7 


7900 


7 535 


.222 


34 


35 


19.23 


130.7 


7900 


7.503 


.214 


35 



Allowauce has been made for cleaning, oiling and doffing. 



154 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spinnings Concluded. 



Production Table of Ring Filling Yarn, 

Front Roll J in. Diameter. 



Number 
of 


Twist 
per 
Inch. 


Rev. of 
Front Roll 


Rev. of 
Spindles 


Hanks 
per Day 


Pounds 
per day 


Number 
of 


Yarn. 


per 
Minute. 


per 

Minute. 


per 

Spindle. 


per 

Spindle. 


Yarn . 


30 


19.50 


128.9 


7900 


7.400 


.206 


36 


37 


19.77 


127.2 


7900 


7.302 


.195 


37 


38 


20.03 


125.5 


7900 


7.205 


.190 


38 


39 


20.30 


123.8 


7900 


7.107 


.182 


39 


40 


20.55 


122.3 


7900 


7.098 


.177 


40 


41 


20.81 


120.8 


7900 


7.010 


.171 


41 


42 


21.00 


119.4 


7900 


6.929 


.165 


42 


43 


21.31 


117.9 


7900 


6.842 


.159 


43 


44 


21.56 


116.6 


7900 


6.767 


.154 


44 


45 


21.80 


115.3 


7900 


6.691 


.149 


45 


4G 


22.04 


114.1 


7900 


6.622 


.144 


46 


47 


22.28 


112.8 


7900 


6.546 


.139 


47 


48 


22.52 


111.6 


7900 


6.477 


.135 


48 


49 


22.75 


110.5 


7900 


6.412 


.131 


49 


50 


22.98 


109.4 


7900 


6.417 


.128 


50 


55 


24.10 


104.3 


7900 


6.183 


.112 


55 


00 


25.16 


99.9 


7900 


5.985 


.100 


60 


05 


25.79 


96.2 


7800 


5.760 


.088 


05 


70 


26.75 


92.8 


7800 


5.559 


.079 


70 


75 


27.71 


89.6 


7800 


5.367 


.072 


75 


80 


28.16 


87.0 


7700 


5.266 


.066 


80 


85 


29.04 


83.3 


7600 


5.042 


.059 


85 


90 


29.39 


80.1 


7400 


4.899 


.054 


90 


95 


30.19 


78.0 


7400 


4.770 


.050 


95 


100 


30.50 


75.1 


7200 


4.639 


.046 


100 


110 


31.44 


69.8 


6900 


4.312 


.039 


110 


120 


32.85 


63.0 


0500 


3.892 


.032 


120 


130 


34.20 


57.7 


6200 


3.564 


.027 


130 


140 


35.49 


52.9 


5900 


3.248 


.023 


140 


150 


36.72 


48.6 


5600 


3.002 


.029 


150 


1C0 


37.92 


44.5 


5300 


2.750 


.017 


160 


170 


39.09 


40.8 


5000 


2.520 


.015 


170 



Allowance has beeu made for cleaning, oiling and dofuag. 



T 55 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Production Table for Self-Acting Mule* 





64-inch 

Stretches 

per Minute. 


Production per day of ten hours. 


Number 
of 


Calculated 


Actual (to per ct. Stoppages.) 


Yarn. 












Hanks 


Hanks 


Pounds 






per Spindle. 


per Spindle 


per Spindle. 


4 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 


1. 71 


5 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 


1 


37 


6 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 


1 


14 


7 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 




980 


8 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 




85S 


9 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 




762 


10 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 




686 


ii 


6.00 


7-i ; 2 


6.86 




624 


12 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 




572 


13 


6.00 


7.62 


6.86 




528 


14 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




449 


15 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




419 


16 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




393 


17 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




370 


18 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




349 


19 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




331 


20 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 




315 


21 


5 50 


6.99 


6.29 


3°o 


22 


5-50 


6-99 


6.29 


286 


23 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 


273 


24 


5-50 


6.99 


6.29 


262 


25 


5-50 


6.99 


6 29 


252 


26 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 


231 


27 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 


222 


28 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 


214 


29 


5-25 


6 66 


6.00 


207 


3° 


5.25 


6.66 


6.00 


200 


31 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 




194 


32 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 




188 


33 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 




182 


34 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 




176 


35 


5-25 


6.66 


6.00 




171 


36 


5.125 


6.51 


5-86 




•63 


37 


5-125 


6.51 


5-86 




157 


38 


5-125 


6.51 


5.86 




'54 


39 


5-125 


6.51 


5-86 




150 


40 


5-oo 


6-34 


5-71 




143 


4i 


5-oo 


6-34 


5.71 




139 


42 


5.00 


6-34 


5-7i 




136 


43 


5.00 


6-34 


5-7i 




133 


44 


4-75 


6.03 


5-43 




123 


45 


4-75 


6.03 


5-43 




121 


46 


4-75 


6.03 


5.43 




118 


47 


4-75 


6.03 


5-43 




116 


48 


4-50 


5-72 


5-15 




107 


49 


4-50 


5-72 


5-15 




io5 


50 


4-50 


5-72 


5-15 




1 03 


5i 


4-50 


5.72 


5-15 




101 


52 


4-25 


5-40 


4.86 




093 


53 


4-25 


5-40 


4.86 




091 


54 


4-25 


5-4o 


4.86 




090 


55 


4.25 


5-4o 


4.86 




088 


56 


4-25 


5 -4o 


4.86 


086 


57 


4-25 


5-40 


4.86 


085 



156 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 

Production Table for Self-Acting Mule. 

(Concluded.) 





64-inch 

Stretches 

per Minute. 


Production per day of ten hours 


Number 
of 


Calculated 


Actual (10 per ct. Stoppages.) 


Yarn. 












Hanks 


Hanks Pc 


>unds 






per Spindle. 


per Spindle. per S 


>pindle. 


58 


4-25 


5-40 


4.86 


084 


59 


4-25 


5 


40 


4 


b6 


082 


60 


4-125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


079 


61 


4.125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


077 


62 


4-125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


076 


63 


4.125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


°75 


64 


4.125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


074 


65 


4.125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


073 


66 


4.125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


072 


67 


4-125 


5 


24 


4 


72 


070 


68 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


067 


69 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


066 


70 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


065 


7i 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


065 


72 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


064 


73 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


063 


71 


4.00 


5 


oS 


4 


58 


062 


75 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


061 


76 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


5« 


060 


77 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


059 


78 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


059 


79 


4.00 


5 


08 


4 


58 


058 


80 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


°55 


81 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


°55 


82 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


054 


83 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


053 


84 


3 875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


053 


8s 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


052 


86 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


052 


87 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


051 


88 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


050 


89 


3-875 


4 


92 


4 


43 


050 


90 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


048 


91 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


047 


92 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


047 


93 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


046 


94 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


046 


95 


3 75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


045 


96 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


045 


97 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 , 


044 


98 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


044 


99 


3-75 


4 


76 


4 


28 


043 


100 


3-75 


4.76 


4.28 


o43 



Note:— The production given in the tables is sometimes exceeded by ap- 
plying a " roller motion," which will deliver from 4 per cent, to 7 per cent of 
yarn during the inward run of the carriage, as may be desired; this increased 
production is generally figured at 5 per cent. 



157 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Draper's Table 

of Breaking Weight of American "Warp Yarns, 
per Skein, weight given in Pounds. 







J3 


£x\ 


£> 


be ■ 
.32 


J3 


tuo . 

J4 Ml 


& 




S 




£ 




s 




3 




3 


«£ 


3 




3 


£* 


1 




26 


66.3 


51 


36.6 


76 


25.8 


2 




27 


63.6 


52 


36.1 


77 


25.5 


3 


530.0 


28 


61.3 


53 


35.5 


78 


25.3 


4 


410.0 


29 


59.2 


54 


34.9 


79 


24.9 


5 


330.0 


30 


57.3 


55 


34.4 


80 


24.6 


6 


275.0 


31 


55.6 


56 


33.8 


81 


24.3 


7 


237.6 


32 


54.0 


57 


33.4 


82 


24.0 


8 


209.0 


33 


52.6 


58 


32.8 


83 


23.7 


9 


186.5 


34 


51.2 


59 


32.3 


84 


23.4 


10 


168.7 


35 


50.0 


60 


31.7 


85 


23.2 


11 


154.1 


36 


48.7 


61 


31.3 


86 


22.8 


12 


142.0 


37 


47.6 


62 


30.8 


87 


22.6 


13 


131.5 


38 


46.5 


63 


30.4 


88 


22.4 


14 


122.8 


39 


45.5 


64 


30.0 


89 


22.2 


15 


115.1 


40 


44.6 


65 


29.6 


90 


22.0 


16 


108.4 


41 


43.8 


66 


29.2 


91 


21.7 


17 


102.5 


42 


43.0 


67 


28.8 


92 


21.5 


18 


97.3 


43 


42.2 


68 


28.5 


93 


21.3 


19 


92.6 


44 


41.4 


69 


28.2 


94 


21.2 


20 


88.3 


45 


40.7 


70 


27.8 


95 


21.0 • 


21 


83.8 


46 


40.0 


71 


27.4 


96 


20.7 


22 


79.7 


47 


39.3 


72 


27.1 


97 


20.5 


23 


75.9 


48 


38.6 


73 


26.8 


98 


20.4 


24 


72.4 


49 


37.9 


74 


26.5 


99 


20.2 


25 


69.2 


50 


37.3 


75 


26.2 


100 


20.0 



158 



Atlanta, Ga. t STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Makepeace's Table 

of Breaking Weight of English and American Warp 
Yams, in Pounds per Skein* 













American 








English 


Table. 




Table. 




No. of 












No. of 


Yarn. 


Ordinary. 


Fair. 


Good. 


Extra. 


Average 
Strength. 


Yarn. 


10 


119. 2 


124.3 


128.8 


134-3 


170.1 


10 


ii 


1037 


105.2 


1074 


no. 6 


1583 


n 


12 


99.1 


99.8 


102 1 


104.4 


144.7 


12 


13 


92.8 


95 3 


97 6 


99.8 


132.6 


13 


14 


91. 1 


92.9 


94.8 


96.7 


122. 1 


14 


15 


85.4 


86.5 


88.5 


91.1 


116.8 


15 


16 


82.2 


84.8 


86.3 


88.6 


110.2 


16 


17 


77-3 


79.6 


81.2 


83.1 


104.5 


17 


18 


73-6 


74 8 


76.7 


78.7 


98.9 


18 


20 


68.7 


70.1 


71.8 


73 5 


89.8 


20 


22 


62.5 


64.6 


65-9 


66.8 


80.4 


22 


24 


58.4 


60.8 


61.9 


63.1 


73-6 


24 


26 


54-3 


56.4 


57-8 


59-2 


67.9 


26 


28 


50.6 


519 


528 


54-9 


62.7 


28 


30 


489 


499 


512 


52.8 


58.4 


30 


32 


45 8 


46.8 


48.1 


49.1 


55- 1 


32 


34 


44-3 


45 6 


46.3 


48.1 


52.2 


34 


36 


42 1 


42.8 


43-7 


44-9 


49-9 


36 


38 


39-3 


40.0 


41.7 


42.6 


47.8 


38 


40 


38.4 


39-6 


409 


41.7 


45 7 


40 


42 


37-5 


38.7 


39-6 


40.8 


44-1 


42 


44 


35-i 


36.4 


38.9 


37-9 


42.2 


44 


46 


33-5 


34-9 


35-6 


36.1 


41.4 


46 


48 


32.1 


33-3 


33-9 


34-7 


39- * 


48 


5° 


31 9 


32.7 


33-4 


34-i 


38.4 


5° 


55 


30-7 


31-3 


32 1 


33-2 


35 9 


55 


60 


28.1 


29.8 


30.7 


29.7 


328 


60 


65 


25.0 


26.4 


27 3 


27.8 


30-9 


65 


70 


23.9 


24-3 


25 4 


26.1 


285 


70 


75 


22.4 


23.1 


24 1 


24.7 


27.8 


75 


80 


21.0 


22 7 


23 2 


23-9 


25.6 


80 


85 


19.6 


20.5 


21 1 


22.1 


4-1 


85 


90 


iff.7 


19-3 


20.2 


20 9 


22.3 


90 


95 


17.9 


18.7 


19.1 


20.1 


21 4 


95 


100 


17 3 


18 1 


187 


19.4 


20.8 


100 



159 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



NEW MODEL SPOOLER, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works. 




The accompanying cut shows clearly the general features 
of construction of our new Spooler. The chief departures 
from our former pattern are the adoption of the single rail 
for holding the spindle, and the entire remodeling of the 
spindle itself. The latter runs in a bolster with a closed 
bottom, and being held by the single rail, is always found to 
run freely, any twisting or settling of the frame not affecting 
the spindle, as sometimes happens when two rails are used. 
The bolster case, between the spindle bearings at the 
extreme top and bottom, is enlarged to form a chamber 
holding a considerable quantity of oil. The spindle is fur- 
ther constructed so that all oil is thrown off before reaching 
the top of the bolster, and is then conducted back by chan- 
nels to the oil chamber, thus avoiding waste. The spindle 
virtually runs in a bottle, and a little oil once in a month or 
two will be found sufficient, there being no waste except by 
evaporation. 

To avoid cross-banding at the end of the cylinder, two 
spindles are equipped with double whirls, driving from one 
to the other. 



160 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W, CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C, 



Whitin Spoolers, Continued. 



The single rail supporting the spindles is made extra strong 
and heavy. Our new patent Thread Guide has the hori- 
zontal slot and is easily adjusted both for height and different 
opening of slot. Either adjustment is independent of the 
other, so that in changing, attention need be given only to 
the defective point. The guide is further arranged so that 
the slot will not be closed by an accidental blow, as from a 
spool. We equip the Spooler with either the Wade type of 
bobbin holders, or side spindles as desired. The bobbin 
boxes are of large capacity, and are fitted with shields to 
keep out dirt falling from above, or we apply brackets to re- 
ceive the ordinary doffing boxes as they come from the 
spinning room. The wave or traverse is governed by a 
mangle, and on long machines is driven from both ends thus 
insuring a very positive and steady motion to the guides the 
whole length of the frame, and guaranteeing perfect spools. 
The wave shaft is placed high in the frame, so that the levers 
operating the lifting-rods are well-up from the mill floor. 
This prevents the breakage of the mangle by the levers 
striking any stray spools that may have fallen under the 
frame. Creel and trough are made conveniently for storing 
empty and full spools. The driving pulley is provided with 
shipper-fork for both overhead and underneath belts. 

Floor Space: — Width 4' and 2." and lengths as per table on 
next page. 

The lengths given are outside of driving pulleys. 

Driving Pulleys are 10" diameter, i\" face, and run from 160 
to 260 revolutions per minute. 



161 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Spoolers, Continued. 





«3 




u 


u 


r$ 


(J 

*— 1 

O 




O 




u, 


o 


CO 


jg 



Ul 



.g 3 

Oil) 



•iHt-r-lt-rHt-r-lt-i-lt-iH 



• © C01C CO OCO CO CO ? 



) CO CO t}1 Tji •* -^ ITS 



.5 t- t-l ^ OS CM CO lOOCOt- OOCNt 



.: o cm iri t- o cm no b- cs c<i rt< t— c: r-< -* co as 

■S HHHHNcqnoiwmramcO'*'*'*'* 



cm ic as -* as r^t-T 



■C i-H r-l iH tH r-l 03 CM CM CM CO CO CO CO "C" ■* -* ■ 



S OS H CM 5< CO CO 



1 i-C<J< CO oc o 



xj OS T-< •# CO CO © CO lO 
HH r-l tH t-I t-I CN :N CM 



b-fflHmtODOON-* 
CMCMCOCOCOCOTfTf* 



-3ilQOt-aQOHNC0^10CDt-00CiO 



J CTH-HCOlOt-OSCM-^COCOOCM-^CDCCOCN 
4h tH »H rH tH t-i CM CM IN CM CO CO CO CO CO "* ■# 



& '& 



MOOOOCJOJffl 



SPVK' 4J CSOCM-^COCOOcM^COCCOCMTfCOCO© 
^"J i! tH tH tH rH T-i CM CM CM CM <M CO CO CO CO CO -# 



COOCM"*COb-Cj!THCOIOt-CiiHCO-*COCC 
rtT-HiHr-lt-li-ICMiMCSCMCMCOCOCOCOCO 



COC5rHCOliOt-COOCM-^COt-asiHCOT^CO 
,-1,-H-lT-lT-iCMCMCqCMCMCMCOCOCOCO 



0)10ri01lOHuilOCOHt-f!Ht*COT 



t-CS*-«CM^CDt-CS*-HCM-3<COt-as^CM'3< 
i-ttHi-Hi-HTHiHCMCMCMOJC^CMCOCOCO 



lOHtOHOONO!'*! 



t-CCOCMCO>OC00005 I -ICO^COt-050CM 



• OOClHIMTlllOt-OOOHn^HOt-fflO 
.-li-lrHrHTHT-KNCMCMCMCSCMCMCO 



ooooooooooooooooo 

-i<10COt-00010HN«'flOCOt-00010 



162 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Spoolers, Continued. 



/f lliim- mill 

" III" 11 , , I 

Mil 



s 

o S 

0. 4 

in i 



£i Si 






fe 



i6 3 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Spoolers, Concluded. 



Production Table of Spooler. 



Dimensions of 


a 


Revolutions per Minute of 


No. Whitin 


Spools. 


ft 




Gravity 
Spindles to 


Cyl. 167, 


Cyl. 1S4. 


Cyl. 200, 








Length 


Diameter 
of Heads. 


O 

d 
S25 


Spindle 750 


Spindle 825 


Spindle 900 


one Spooler 
Spindle at 
825 kev. 


Heads. 


Pounds per Day per Spindle. 






r s 


10.8 


11.8 


12.9 ) 








i io 


86 


9-5 


io-3 r 


12 


6 in. 


5 m. 


•< 12 


7.2 


7-9 


8.6) 








1 I4 

L 16 


6.2 


6.8 


7-4 j 








54 


5-9 


6.5 V 


13 






f 18 


4-8 


5-3 


5-8 j 








| 20 


43 


4.8 


5.2 1 




6 in. 


4 in. 


-i 22 


3-9 


4-3 


4-7^ 


14 






1 24 
[ 26 


3-6 


40 


4-3) 








3-3 


3-7 


4.o) 








f 28 


3-i 


3 4 


3-7 > 


15 






1 3° 


2.9 


3-2 


3-5) 




5 in. 


4 in. 


! 32 

1 34 


2.7 
2.6 


30 
28 


3-3 t 
3-1 1 


16 






1 36 


2.4 


2-7 


2.9! 
2.7 f 


17 






I 38 


2.3 


2-5 






1 40 


2,2 


2 4 


2.6 


18 


4% in. 


Z% in. 


i 44 


2.0 


2.2 


2.4 


19 






< 50 


1 8 


1-9 


2 1 


20 






I 60 


i-5 


1.6 


1.8 


21 


3% in. 


ZV\ m. 


< 70 


i-3 


i-4 


i-5 


23 






( 80 


1.1 


1.2 


1-3 


25 


3 in. 


2?4 in. 


J 9° 
j 100 


1.0 
■9 


1.1 
1.0 


1.2 
1.1 


27 
30 



164 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W, CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



WET AND DRY TWISTERS, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works* 




This machine in its general construction closely resembles 
our Ring Spinning Frame. It is built with the box end en- 
closing gearing and outboard bearing for pulley arbor. The 
lifting rods run in protected bushings, and the Twister is fur- 
nished with a patented device for locking the ring rails when 
doffing. The gearing is machine cut, and may be arranged, 
at the option of the purchaser, to drive each side of the 
frame independent of the other, thereby producing two 
different twists at the same time, if desired. The Twister is 
arranged to twist from spools only. 

The delivering rolls are built in two styles, viz : two lines 
of lower rolls with heavy single line of top rolls, generally 
used in heavy Dry twisting, and single line of lower rolls 
with single line of top rolls, which are used in both Dry and 
Water twisting. 

In Water twisting the rolls are brass or brass covered, 
and the yarn is held under water contained in a brass trough 
by a glass rod, which, by a simple device, can be raised to 
free the yarn from the water or for cleaning. 

A simple and effective knee brake is provided for each 
spindle, by means of which any spindle may be stopped in- 
dependently of the rest, while piecing up. The traverse is 
4", 4>£", 5", 5%", 6'' ', 6%". The spindles are driven by 
either 7" or 3" cylinders. 

Driving Pulleys are 6" to 18" in diameter ; width of face, 
2" to 3". 



165 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



** ^ 
tj « 






o 



<D 



s 




O) 


rfi 




& 


rl 


o 


C 




rvl 


C3 






a) 






CS 



o ^ 



H 



B 8 

-rJ rt 

S5" ft 


•2 


CD O CD ©COOCOO 


a 


OS CM ~# t-OSCM-tft- 
,_l ,_( ^n ^h CM CM CM 


«r* a, 
0*W 


^ CO O OS © CO © OS CO 


■ O CO Id CO * t-" rj< © OS 
«£ H rH »H rH CM CM CM CM 




. 0) 

CO ft 

w 


.a 


o o o o © ©© ©©© © 


•on ■* «o oo on -tficeoo o 

<S rH <H rH t-I^tHNNNNNCO 




« «5 

C o 
■" n! 

hw D. 
cow 


i 


CO © © CM ^ CD CO ©©CM 






»<§ 


.a 


-HH CO © •# CO ©-# CO© 


« 


rH CO © CO © CO lO It- © 
rH rH r-i rH CM CM CM CM CO 




^ CO rj* O CO *tf OCO ^ 


* CM lO CO O CO COCO rH 
Hh iH iH rH CM CM CM CM CO 




rH CO CD OS O CO CD OS O 


■CO lO t- O CM -H< CD OS 
,£ H rH rH CM CM CM CM CM 




■ «j' 

.S rt 

"w 


A 


CD © CD © CD © © 


.; *h- t— os cm -^ t- os 

h^tH rH r-i CM CM CM CM 


^ Oh 


j-j CO © •* MOO CO 


£ 


© CO © CM -HH uo f 
rH rHCM CM CM CM CM 


.S rt 


g ooo ooo 


* 00 O CM *# CD CO 
& HCMM CM CM CM 


"o 

6 


C/5 


©Tt<CM©Tt<CO©-HH00CM©COCM'*<©CO©CMCO©-lH© 
©©t-COCOCO©OOrHCM(MCO-t , ©©t-©©rHCM'rr' 



1 66 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



d3£ 



m 



J 

Q I 



Ge\9C- 



167 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



Twister Change Twist Gear Tables. 

Cylinder 7 in. Diameter. Whirl f in. Diameter. 

Speed Ratio of Cylinder to Whirl 1 to 7.25. 



1 


Cyl. 22T. 


Stud 88T. 


Cyl. 36T. 


Stud 74T. 


Cyl. 55T. 


Stud 55T. 




1§ in. Roll 


1£ in. Roll 


is in. Roll 


l£in. Roll 


lg in. Roll 


1J in. Roll 


5° 


108T.Gear 


U2T.Gear 


108T.Gear 


U2T.Gear 


108T.Gear 


112T.Gear 




Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


15 


48.32 


45.93 


24.83 


23.60 


12.08 


11.48 


16 


45.30 


43.06 


23.28 


22.14 


11.02 


10.76 


17 


42.63 


40.53 


21.91 


20.83 


10.66 


10.13 


18 


40.27 


38.28 


20.69 


19.67 


10.07 


9.57 


19 


38.15 


36.26 


19.60 


18.63 


9.54 


9.06 


20 


36.24 


34.44 


18.62 


17.70 


9.06 


8.61 


21 


34.51 


32.81 


17.74 


16.86 


8.63 


8.20 


22 


32.95 


31.32 


16.93 


16.08 


8.24 


7.83 


23 


31.51 


29.96 


16.19 


15.35 


7.88 


7.49 


24 


30.20 


28.71 


15.52 


14.75 


7.55 


7.18 


25 


28.99 


27.56 


14.90 


14.16 


7.25 


6.89 


26 


27.88 


26.50 


14.33 


13.62 


6.97 


6.62 


27 


26.84 


25.52 


13.79 


13.11 


6.71 


6.38 


28 


25.89 


24.61 


13.30 


12.66 


6.47 


6.15 


29 


24.99 


23.75 


12.84 


12.21 


6.25 


5.94 


30 


24.16 


22.96 


12.41 


11.80 


6.04 


5.74 


31 


23.38 


22.22 


12.01 


11.42 


5.84 


5.55 


32 


22.65 


21.53 


11.64 


11.06 


5.66 


5.38 


33 


21.96 


20.88 


11.28 


10.73 


5.49 


5.22 


34 


21.32 


20.26 


10.95 


10.41 


5.33 


5.06 


35 


20.71 


19.68 


10.64 


10.11 


5.18 


4.92 


36 


20.13 


19.13 


10.34 


9.84 


5.03 


4.78 


37 


19.59 


18.62 


10.06 


9.57 


4.90 


4.65 


38 


19.07 


18.13 


9.80 


9.32 


4.77 


4.53 


39 


18.58 


17.69 


9.55 


9.08 


4.64 


4.42 


40 


18.12 


17.22 


9.31 


8.85 


4.53 


4.30 


41 


17.68 


16.80 


9.08 


8.63 


4.42 


4.20 


42 


17.26 


16.40 


8.87 


8.43 


4.31 


4.10 


43 


16.85 


16.02 


8.66 


8.23 


4.21 


4.00 


44 


16.47 


15.66 


8.46 


8.04 


4.12 


3.91 


45 


16.11 


15.33 


8.27 


7.86 


4.03 


3.83 


46 


13.76 


14.98 


8.09 


7.69 


3.94 


3.74 


47 


15.42 


14.66 


7.92 


7.53 


3.85 


3.66 


48 


15.10 


14.35 


7.76 


7.37 


3.77 


3.59 


49 


14.79 


14.06 


7.60 


7.22 


3.70 


3.51 


50 


14.49 


13.78 • 


7.45 


7.08 


3.62 


3.44 


51 


14.21 


13.51 


7.30 


6.94 


3.55 


3.38 


52 


13.94 


13.25 


7.16 


6.81 


3.48 


3.31 


53 


13.67 


13.00 


7.03 


6.68 


3.42 


3.25 


54 


13.42 


12.76 


6i»0 


6.55 


3.35 


3.19 


55 


13.18 


12 54 


6,77 • 


6.44 


3.29 


3.13 


56 


12.94 


12.30 


6.65 


6.32 


3.23 


3.07 


57 


12.72 


12.10 


6.53 


6.21 


3.18 


3.02 


58 


12.50 


11.88 


6.42 


6.10 


3.12 


2.97 


59 


12.28 


11.69 


6.31 


6.00 


3.07 


2.92 


60 


12.08 


11.48 


6.21 


5.90 


3.02 


2.87 



168 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



Twister Change Twist Gear Tables* 

Cylinder 7 in. Diameter. "Whirl l T 5 g in. Diameter. 

Speed Ratio of Cylinder to Whirl 1 to 4.80. 





Cyl. 22T. 


Stud 88T. 


Cyl. 36T. 


Stud 74T. 


Cyl. 55T. 


Stud 55T- 


a « 


If in. Roll 


1J in. Roll 


If in. Roll 


1£ in. Roll 


If in. Roll 


L^ in. Roll 


6$ 


108T.Gear 


112T.Gear 


lOST.Gear 


112T.Gear 


108T.Gear 


L12T.Gear 




Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


15 


32.00 


30.41 


16.44 


15.63 


8.00 


7.60 


16 


30.00 


28.51 


15.41 


14.65 


7.50 


7.13 


17 


28.23 


26.83 


14.50 


13.79 


7.06 


6.71 


18 


26.66 


25.34 


13.70 


13.02 


6.67 


6.33 


19 


25.26 


24.01 


12.98 


12.34 


6.32 


6.00 


20 


24.00 


22.80 


12.33 


11.72 


6.00 


5.70 


21 


22.85 


21.72 


11.74 


11.16 


5.71 


5.43 


22 


21.81 


20.73 


11.21 


10.66 


5.45 


5.18 


23 


20.86 


19.83 


10.72 


10.19 


5.22 


4.96 


24 


20.00 


19.01 


10.28 


9.77 


5.00 


4.75 


25 


19.20 


18.24 


9.86 


9.38 


4.80 


4.56 


26 


18.46 


17.54 


9.49 


9.02 


4.61 


4.38 


27 


17.77 


10.89 


9.13 


8.68 


4.44 


4.22 


28 


17.14 


10.29 


8.81 


8.37 


4.29 


4.07 


29 


16.55 


15.73 


8.50. 


8.08 


4.14 


3.93 


30 


16.00 


15.20 


8.22 


7.81 


4.00 


3.80 


31 


15.48 


14.71 


7.96 


7.56 


3.87 


3.68 


32 


15.00 


14.27 


7.70 


7.33 


3.75 


3.57 


33 


14.54 


13.82 


7.47 


7.10 


3.64 


3.45 


34 


14.11 


13.41 


7.25 


6.89 


3.53 


3.35 


35 


13.71 


13.03 


7.05 


6.70 


3.43 


3.26 


36 


13.33 


12.67 


6.85 


6.51 


3.33 


3.17 


37 


12.97 


12.33 


6.67 


6.33 


3.24 


3.08 


38 


12.63 


12.00 


6.49 


6.17 


3.16 


3.00 


39 


12.30 


11.68 


6.32 


6.01 


3.08 


2.92 


40 


12.00 


11.40 


6.16 


5.86 


3.00 


2.85 


41 


11.70 


11.13 


6.01 


5.72 


2.93 


2.78 


42 


11.42 


10.87 


5.87 


5.58 


2.86 


2.72 


43 


11.16 


10.01 


5.73 


5.45 


2.79 


2.65 


44 


10.90 


10.34 


5.60 


5.33 


2.73 


2.58 


45 


10.66 


10.13 


5.48 


5.21 


2.67 


2.53 


46 


10.43 


9.92 


5.36 


5.09 


2.61 


2.48 


47 


10.21 


9.71 


5.25 


4.99 


2.55 


2.43 


48 


10.00 


9.50 


5.14 


4.88 


2.50 


2.37 


49 


9.79 


9.31 


5.03 


4.78 


2.45 


2.33 


50 


9.00 


9.12 


4.93 


4.69 


2.40 


2.28 


51 


9.41 


8.95 


4.83 


4.60 


2.35 


2.24 


52 


9.23 


8.77 


4.74 


4.51 


2.31 


2.19 


53 


9.05 


8.01 


4.65 


4.43 


2.26 


2.15 


54 


8.88 


8.45 


4.57 


4.34 


2.22 


2.11 


55 


8.72 


8.30 


4.48 


4.27 


2.18 


2.08 


56 


8.57 


8.14 


4.40 


4.19 


2.14 


2.03 


57 


8.42 


8.01 


4.33 


4.12 


2.11 


2.00 


58 


8.27 


7.86 


4.25 


4.04 


2.07 


1.90 


59 


8.13 


7.74 


4.18 


3.98 


2.03 


1.93 


60 


8.00 


7X0 


4.11 


3.91 


2.00 


1.90 



Heavy Gravity Twisting Spindle, weight 13J oz. Extra Heavy 15 oz. 



169 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued, 



Twister Change Twist Gear Tables. 

Cylinder 8 in. Diameter. Whirl | in. Diameter. 

Speed Ratio of Cylinder to Whirl 1 to 8.28. 





Cyl. 22T. 


Stud 88T. 


Cyl. 36T. 


Stud 74T. 


Cyl. 55T. 


Stud 55T. 




Is in. Roll 


1J in. Roll 


11 in. Roll 


L| in. Roll 


If in. Roll 


t \ in. Roll 


go 


108T.Gear 


112T.Gear 


108T.Gear 


U2T.Gear 


108T.Gear 


L12T.Gear 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


15 


55.18 


52.46 


28.36 


26.96 


13.79 


13.11 


16 


51.73 


49.18 


26.58 


25.27 


12.93 


12.29 


17 


48.70 


46.28 


25.02 


23.78 


12.17 


11.57 


18 


45.98 


43.71 


23.63 


22.46 


11.49 


10.93 


19 


43.56 


41.41 


22.38 


21.28 


10.89 


10.35 


20 


41.38 


39.34 


21.27 


20.21 


10.34 


9.83 


21 


39.41 


37.47 


20.25 


19.25 


9.85 


9.37 


22 


37.62 


35.77 


19.34 


18.38 


9.41 


8.94 


23 


35.99 


34.21 


18.49 


17.58 


9.00 


8 55 


24 


34.49 


32.78 


17.72 


16.85 


8.62 


8.19 


25 


33.11 


31.47 


17.01 


16.17 


8.28 


7.87 


26 


31.84 


30.26 


16.36 


15.55 


7.96 


7.56 


27 


30.66 


29.14 


15.75 


14.98 


7.66 


7.28 


28 


29.56 


28.10 


15.19 


14.44 


7.39 


7.02 


29 


28.54 


27.13 


14.67 


13.94 


7.13 


6.78 


30 


27.59 


26.23 


14.18 


13.47 


6.90 


6.56 


31 


26.70 


25.38 


13.72 


13.04 


6.68 


6.34 


32 


25.87 


24.59 


13.29 


12.64 


6.47 


6.15 


33 


25.08 


23.84 


12.89 


12.25 


6.27 


5.96 


34 


24.34 


23.14 


12.51 


11.89 


6.08 


5.78 


35 


23.65 


22.48 


12.15 


11.55 


5.91 


5.62 


36 


22.99 


21.86 


11.81 


11.23 


5.75 


5.46 


37 


22.37 


21.26 


11.49 


10.93 


5.59 


5.31 


38 


21.78 


20.71 


11.19 


10.64 


5.44 


5.18 


39 


21.22 


20.17 


10.91 


10.36 


5.30 


5.04 


40 


20.69 


19.67 


10.63 


10.11 


5.17 


4.92 


41 


20.19 


19.19 


10.37 


9.86 


5.05 


4.80 


42 


19.71 


18.73 


10.12 


9.63 


4.93 


4.68 


43 


19.25 


18.34 


9.89 


9.40 


4.81 


4.58 


44 


18.81 


17.88 


9.67 


9.19 


4.70 


4.47 


45 


18.39 


17.48 


9.45 


8.98 


4.60 


4.37 


46 


17.99 


17.11 


9.25 


8.79 


4.50 


4.28 


47 


17.61 


16.74 


9.05 


8.60 


4.40 


4.18 


48 


17.24 


16.39 


8.86 


8.42 


4.31 


4.10 


49 


16.89 


16.06 


8.68 


8.25 


4.22 


4.01 


50 


16.55 


15.73 • 


8.51 


8.09 


4.14 


3.93 


51 


16.23 


15.44 


8.34 


7.93 


4.06 


3.86 


52 


15.92 


15.13 


8.18 


7.77 


3.98 


3.78 


53 


15.62 


14.86 


8.02 


7.64 


3.90 


3.71 


54 


15.31 


14.57 


7.88 


7.49 


3.83 


3.64 


55 


15.05 


14.32 


7.73 


7.36 


3.76 


3.58 


56 


14.78 


14.05 


7.59 


7.22 


3.69 


3.51 


57 


14.52 


13.82 


7.46 


7.10 


3.63 


3.45 


58 


14.27 


13.56 


7.33 


6.97 


3.57 


3.39 


59 


14.03 


13.35 


7.21 


6.86 


3.51 


3.34 


60 


13.80 


13.11 


7.09 


6.74 


3.45 


3.28 



170 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



Twister Change Twist Gear Tables. 


Cylinder 8 in. Diameter 




Whirl I^b in. Diameter. 




Speed Ratio of Cylinder to Whirl 1 to 5.48. 




Cyl. 22T. Stud 88T.I 


Cyl. 36T. 


Stud 74T. 


Cyl. 55T. 


Stud 55T- 


4) 

bo u 


If in. Roll 


1£ in. Roll 


If in. Roll 


1J in. Roll 


If in. Roll 


I J in. Roll 


U 


108T.Gear 


112T.Gear| 


108T.Gear 


U2T.Gear 


lOBT.Gear 


L12T.Gear 




Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


Twist. 


15 


36.53 


34.72 


18.77 


17.84 


9.13 


8.68 


16 


34.25 


32.55 


17.60 


16.73 


8.56 


8.14 


17 


32.23 


30.63 


16.56 


15.74 


8.06 


7.66 


18 


30.44 


28.93 


15.64 


14.86 


7.61 


7.24 


19 


28.84 


27.41 


14.82 


14.08 


7.21 


6.85 


20 


27.40 


26.04 


14.08 


13.38 


6.85 


6.51 


21 


26.09 


24.79 


13.41 


12.74 


6.52 


6.20 


22 


24.90 


23.67 


12.80 


12.16 


6.22 


5.92 


23 


23.82 


22.64 


12.24 


11.64 


5.95 


5.66 


24 


22.83 


21.69 


11.73 


11.15 


5.71 


5.42 


25 


21.92 


20.83 


11.26 


10.71 


5.48 


5.21 


26 


21.07 


20.03 


10.83 


10.29 


5.27 


5.01 


27 


20.29 


19.29 


10.43 


9.91 


5.06 


4.82 


28 


19.57 


18.60 


10.06 


9.56 


4.89 


4.65 


29 


18.89 


17.95 


9.71 


9.21 


4.72 


4.49 


30 


18.26 


17.35 


9.38 


8.92 


4.56 


4.34 


31 


17.67 


16.80 


9.08 


8.63 


4.42 


4.20 


32 


17.12 


16.28 


8.80 


8.36 


4.28 


4.07 


33 


16.60 


15.78 


8.53 


8.11 


4.15 


3.94 


34 


16.11 


15.31 


8.28 


7.86 


4.03 


3.83 


35 


15.65 


14.88 


8.04 


7.65 


3.91 


3.72 


36 


15.22 


14.46 


7.82 


7.43 


3.80 


3.61 


37 


14.81 


14.07 


7.61 


7.23 


3.70 


3.52 


38 


14.42 


13.70 


7.41 


7.04 


3.60 


3.42 


39 


14.05 


13.35 


7.22 


6.86 


3.51 


3.34 


40 


13.70 


13.02 


7.04 


6.69 


3.42 


3.25 


41 


13.36 


12.70 


6.87 


6.53 


3.34 


3.17 


42 


13.04 


12.40 


6.70 


6.37 


3.26 


3.10 


43 


12.74 


12.11 


6.55 


6.22 


3.18 


3.03 


44 


12.45 


11.83 


6.40 


6.08 


3.11 


2.96 


45 


12.17 


11.57 


6.25 


5.95 


3.04 


2.89 


46 


11.91 


11.32 


6.12 


5.82 


2.98 


2.83 


47 


11.65 


11.08 


5.99 


5.69 


2.91 


2.77 


48 


11.41 


10.85 


5.86 


5.57 


2.85 


2.71 


49 


11.18 


10.63 


5.74 


5.46 


2.79 


2.66 


50 


10.96 


10.41 


5.63 


5.35 


2.74 


2.60 


51 


10.74 


10.22 


5.52 


5.25 


2.68 


2.56 


52 


10.53 


10.01 


5.41 


5.15 


2.63 


2.50 


53 


10.34 


9.83 


5.31 


5.05 


2.58 


2.46 


54 


10.14 


9.65 


5.21 


4.96 


2.53 


2.41 


55 


9.96 


9.48 


5.12 


4.87 


2.49 


2.37 


56 


9.78 


9.30 


5.03 


4.78 


2.44 


2.32 


57 


9.61 


9.14 


4.94 


4.70 


2.40 


2.29 


58 


9.44 


8.98 


4.85 


4.62 


2.36 


2.24 


59 


9.28 


8.83 


4.77 


4.54 


2.32 


2.21 


60 


9.13 


8.66 


4.69 


4.46 


2.28 


2.16 



Heavy Gravity Twisting Spindle, weight 13J oz. Extra Heavy 15 oz. 



171 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Twisters, Continued* 



P-. 

fN 



3 



o 

O 

u 

Ph 



H 
a 

1 

3 



a 

O 

H 






una 



is* 



& 



^ 



^ 



-:i- ^-troHCG X' oo l- w- ^ ^ io -n -r -r :o ro re. c-i oi :n i-i i-i r-( 

C^i^^rHiHrHrHrHOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOodo 



JCOOOOOt-t-L-L-t-t-t-L-^O^OOCOCiQDlCllOlOlO^'f 



d ao d ^' h d - i ic co ^' h j! t' - o o « w h d coV io « h d n* ri -j6 

OC5QOOiC)COWQOCOCOt--t>t-t-t-t-t*l>C£CDCCi | ©^i£iiOO'* 



•CJHiOt-CClO'fCiCOQNNfO-f/jrOX'fHt P <M O <M t H 



1 O O O O Cj ~ Z". Tj ~. n CO CO CO CO CO t- t- I 



• t- CD O "w L-; uO 



IHHHOOOOOGCiQQC:CiC0 000000Q00Dt>t 






t-Mt-OOOOHt-fOHCKNCO^HOfO^OLOi 
OS CO CO lO i-j <T " 

cd cd c4 c4 oi t 



- IQ ■* CO CNi 



i co 03 c; t- cc cn co 



iNr'HHHHOOcccr.- r. r.r. soOMMt-i 



lO ~P -tf ** CO :~ CO 01 ~ 1 M 01 *-H i-l i-( rH O O O O CO OCTJClOSCSCCt-L— 






T3 



o a v 

b- "en 



oooooooooooooooocooco c: — — co o o o o o 

O lO o o o o ■— ■ o O v 3 O lO C 1C O C O C C C C 3 o o — ■ o o 



• owcol- i.o ■-: i 



•* ■* >o iO iO lO i 



•QOOOHHCOlDCOCC'OOOCOOICmO 



in:icioc'©®©!OCiaoa"ot-t-t-t-i>t-L-L- 



COt-OOOlOHC^CO'fia^t-OOClOfM'fCDCCCM-fCOCC'OOOO 



172 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



CO 

u 
O 

£ 



*T3 

o 



+■> 

§ 

(8 

1 

3 



b/> 

o 



JI3 



o OJ v 

" s? a 



^ 



^ 



^ 



>S 



^ 



^ 



r: ;~ O riHwOt-Cit-ifin^Wt-COHfOb-Mt-fOOiOHHiOO 



OaiCSOSCSOlCSOiCSClCOCOaOt 



•I>CDCD^!0©10 10 



o o o o — O O c c *. -. c; ^ O) CO CO c 



- 1- t- t- b- t- cc ' X » o 



x r~ :* x :i h '^ -t :■-. r. -r t. t. x a tixt-n i- 35 re- x -^ o xc-f 






i c c c c c o- o o x x x x x t- t- t- t- ~ :o 



:- :~ m -m ~i ~i ' 



MHHHCC^SC. 35 OT X X CO 00 t- I 



x-*3^t-c.NC-tcx r. -.3 *t o rj-MOH^oojcct-Mt 



l- -f -t -t -f -t -t -t :* ^ :: ^: :i m ri h h h - o 3 c r. r. ~ c. x l- 



i --D ^ CC W »C iO iO iC -t -t -t -t ^ :c ^ M M H h h h 3 3 O Q O CO 






£>** 



00000—0=00000000000000000000 

O O iTi O O O iC O O iC iO- iC O O O O O O i£> o o o o o o o o o 

o :: ut x o m ro ic -.3 l- x x o. o o O' o ■ i-h m -f oioioicifiooo 
Tf tji -f -t io ic mia to m l". it. c u; -_; — . -.3 -.3 » ;e to so «5 — so t- fc- 1- 



C0t-«05OHNM'tlfl!3b-00a>ON'f!0«C!Nf COOC'OOOO 



iC^CNCNCNCNCCiCOCOCOCO'^lOOt' 



173 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued* 



Oh 



3 



8 

3 

O 

PL, 



+-> 

CO 

a 

a 

3 



Ofl 

a 
o 

00 

(2 






>S 



co .5 



NlOb-NrtoOHfO^^HCOt 



flOOJ^OlOffiO) 



OOC5Cna)O^C5Ci050000000000000000t 



■ t- t- t- t- t- t 



HOOOOOOOOfl)0)fflO0i3i00»00000000t-t 



Ph on 



>inCOCD0100uS^01Q001CO©©lC100COl010! 



W1ilOOC00100h;OJ^;HOOW(fiCDOC>Oin«MCD00110 00 
(NNHHHHrlHOOOOOOCCiOOlffiQOOCOOSXOOt-t-t' 

NHoicoid-twdoot-id^cOHoViiinHcit-iocOHCi'^oo 

COMNNWWCTNHHH^HTHOOOOOtr-OOiOlOJOOMOOt- 

COC3©t-C3aOt-CSC£!C5t--t-©!MOO' , *maOTj<*-li-HC<]COOC5b-'*'** 
00t>^O^^^«P3WIN«N(NNHHHHHHHHddddd 



Pi 00 



W't-fff-t , 'f«^COnCO(N«^«^HHHH00000101CO 



O^^lOlOlOlOIO^'f'f-f-fWCOCO^MC-^KNHHHHOOO) 



« Oh & ^3 



oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 

OlOiOOOlOOOOOOOOlCO'lOOOOOiOOiOOOlOlOO 
1 ■ t-OHCO'#COt-OOfflOH(NlM«*fai>*ClC:OOHH^t-OJ 



o a « « 
33 H 



C0t-XQO'HN«*»0fflt-«)OO(M'ft000OM , fOC0OOOO 
rtrtHHHHHHHHOINWWtNCOCOCQfOW^lClOL- 



174 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



P-. 



3 

O 

(2 



n 

O 
PL, 

G 






H 

a 

£ 

a 

a 

o 

>3 



op 

QJ 5 U 



3 e-5 



111 
H 



^ 



■COOfOOOOrHlflHOOiOilOWH'fCDOlMIXMOOC.^ 



OS 00 CC 00 OQ 00 CO c 



•t>ooinwcoco^ioioowio 



iOHObjrijQqoqcooqNSTjjHrjNt^tci^aijqH^i^oqoiN 

COr^<©^C^C3©cil^COlOCO<^iiH©t^idcOi^©aicO«D 
O0iCiOC7i050SC0C0C000C0000000t-t-t-L--t-CDC0 ( ^^ ( X)iOlOlO 



H-fHHHfflO^COiOM^ODWOt-OTtfNWWlOt-H-tOOCDOO 



OOOOOOOJQQQOiOJQCOCOQOCOQOt-t-t-lr-t-t-CCtDCOO 



(HHH^HCOOOOOOlOiQOJQCOOOOOOOCOt-t-t 



b-rfMOHOOON-fCDW^l -<;' X 31 X MHOJOlffiHCONOOOO 



cocococo<mcqc^c<ic 



<HHHHHOOOQClC:Ci^Xa>COt*L- 



©COrHNf-jCCCOCOiqCOt^lOlO 

co©^c^cio6©*-tii-HOt^in"co... 

•t -t -r -f cc co ^ :■: r: :•: : i -i n m -m h h h c c o o ^ ci o: x x x» 



oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 
o©m©©oomo©m©w©io© c i." ~: '.: >r; ~ r ~ ~ o o in 



_ : © t-i co -r< m « i- x ~ © cchhn: 

CMCOCOCOCOCCiO0CCCOCOCO-*-^tP'^'*" 



! *f o LO CD - J - J - r. ^1 -f 



Ot-OOC.CiHWCO-t'LO^b-COQOW-^^yjO.M-tOOOOOOO 
HHilHHHHiHHHCNNMCNNWWCOCOCO^lCCOt' 



175 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 






3 



o 

O 



+-> 
m 

a 
o 

PL, 

1 

3 



bo 

O 






S 2 e 



& 



^ 



JR 



T^C^OlOClOOC<IGOt-aSiHlCtMOOCOCOCiO-^C0^10GOC<lCOOOb-CO 



CO CO CO CO CO t 



.<X>cOcoc£»CD<x>iOiOiOiOiO. 



OCiCiCOCOOOOOOOOOOOOOCOCOQOt-t-t--t-t-t-t-CD^)O l X>CDlOlO 



OW'fO«i-ICO-finOQt*COH^H'f»OQCDlO'*OOOrHOOQ: 



OOQClQCiOiCC^QQClOOOOOOXXOOCOt-b-t't'l-OCDCDCO 



)OOOOOOOOOOJ05GiQQC5QCOCOCOCOCOt*t*L-00 



)CO*#COOi-*OCOHO-ftOCOT 



<OCDCDOCDCO(NM^I>000 



!M:b]^ClHHHHHHHHHOOOOOCO)QO)OOOOCOL-( 



• :o :o f" :~ ~ i ? i " i : i ~"i MNCiHHHHOOooofflOffioooo 



T3 »-. p-j 



oooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 

n in n io ifl lfi O li*- C ■* i* ~ i~ O 1.1 ifl O O C iO O O L'S lO W W id 1Q 

OOOOH'.i ■■. » '■-.: — ' L- hODOOHH M M 



C^^CXJCNICNCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCO^^^^^^^^^^^-^ 






• COOJOrHMn-tlOOt.COCiONrtlOOOOM^(DOOOOOO 
HHHHHHHHHH(N01ININ«CIJ»tOCi5tO-JIOOI> 



176 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. 

Two Ply. 



o 


-a 

b 


>< 

§1 




6 


in H 


1 


.5 


.7071 


2 


1. 


1. 


3 


1.5 


1.2247 


4 


2 


1.4142 


5 


2.5 


1.5811 


6 


3. 


1.7321 


7 


3.5 


1.8708 


8 


4. 


2. 


9 


4.5 


2.1213 


10 


5. 


2.2361 


11 


5.5 


2.3452 


12 


6. 


2.4495 


13 


6.5 


2.5495 


14 


7. 


2.6458 


15 


7.5 


2.7386 


16 


8. 


2.8284 


17 


8.5 


2.9155 


IS 


9. 


3. 


1!) 


9.5 


3.0822 


20 


10. 


3.1623 


21 


10.5 


3.2404 


22 


11. 


3.3166 


23 


11.5 


3.3912 


24 


12. 


3.4641 


25 


12.5 


3.5355 


26 


13. 


3.6056 


27 


13.5 


3.6742 


28 


14. 


3.7417 


29 


14.5 


3.8079 


30 


15. 


3.8730 


31 


15.5 


3.9370 


32 


16. 


4. 


33 


16.5 


4.0620 


34 


17. 


4.1231 


35 


17.5 


4.1833 


36 


18. 


4.2426 


37 


18.5 


4.3012 


38 


19. 


4.3589 


39 


19.5 


4.4159 


40 


20. 


4.4721 


41 


20.5 


4.5277 


42 


21. 


4.5826 


43 


21.5 


4.6368 


44 


22. 


4.6904 


45 


22.5 


4.7434 


46 


23. 


4.7958 


47 


23.5 


4.8477 


48 


24. 


4.8990 


49 


24.5 


4.9497 


50 


25. 


5. 



Square root 
multiplied by 



4 


5 


2.83 


3.54 


4. 


5. 


4.90 


6.12 


5.66 


7.07 


6.32 


7.91 


6.93 


8.66 


7.48 


9.35 


». 


10. 


8.49 


10.61 


8.94 


11.18 


9.38 


11.73 


9.80 


12.25 


10.20 


12.75 


10.58 


13.23 


10.95 


13.69 


11.31 


14.14 


11.66 


14.58 


12. 


15. 


12.33 


15.41 


12.65 


15.81 


12.96 


16.20 


13.27 


16.58 


13.56 


16.96 


13.86 


17.32 


14.14 


17.68 


14.42 


18.03 


14.70 


18.37 


14.97 


18.71 


15.23 


19.04 


15.49 


19.37 


15.75 


19.69 


10. 


20. 


16.25 


20.31 


16.49 


20.62 


16.73 


20.92 


16.97 


21.21 


17.20 


21.51 


17.44 


21.79 


17.66 


22.08 


17.89 


22.36 


18.11 


22.64 


18.33 


22.91 


18.55 


23.18 


18.76 


23.45 


18.97 


23.72 


19.18 


23.98 


19.39 


24.24 


19.60 


24.49 


19.80 


24.75 


20. 


25. 



4.24 
6. 

7.35 
8.49 
9.49 
10.39 
11.22 
12. 
12.73 
13.42 
14.07 
14.70 
15.30 
15.87 
16.43 
16.97 
17.49 
18. 
18.49 
18.97 
19.44 
19.90 
20.35 
20.78 
21.21 
21.63 
22.05 
22.45 
22.85 
23.24 
23.62 
24. 
24.37 
24.74 
25.10 
25.46 
25.81 
26.15 
26.50 
26.83 
27.17 
27.50 
27.82 
28.14 
28.46 
28.77 
29.09 
29.39 
29.70 
30. 






TS 


rj 


CO 


03 


£ £ 


k rt *; 


£ ri 


•g > 




H!5 


« 13 
O «J 

O S 


ojz 


6 


ri.£ 


z 


£ 


w ^ 


51 


25.5 


5.0498 


52 


26. 


5.0990 


53 


26.5 


5.1478 


54 


27. 


5.1962 


55 


27.5 


5.2440 


56 


28. 


5.2915 


57 


28.5 


5.3385 


58 


29. 


5.3852 


59 


29.5 


5.4314 


60 


30. 


5.4772 


61 


30.5 


5.5227 


62 


31. 


5.5678 


63 


31 .5 


5.6125 


64 


32. 


5.6569 


65 


32.5 


5.7009 


66 


33. 


5.7446 


67 


33.5 


5.7879 


68 


34. 


5.8310 


69 


34.5 


5.8737 


70 


35. 


5.9161 


71 


35.5 


5.9582 


72 


36. 


6. 


73 


36.5 


6.0415 


74 


37. 


6.0828 


75 


37.5 


6.1237 


76 


38. 


6.1644 


77 


38.5 


6.2049 


78 


39. 


6.2450 


79 


39.5 


6.2849 


80 


40. 


6.3246 


81 


40.5 


6.3640 


82 


41. 


6.4031 


83 


41.5 


6.4420 


84 


42. 


6.4807 


85 


42.5 


6.5192 


86 


43. 


6.5574 


87 


43.5 


6.5955 


88 


44. 


6.6332 


89 


44.5 


6.6708 


90 


45. 


6.7082 


91 


45.5 


6.7454 


92 


46. 


6.7823 


93 


46.5 


6.8191 


94 


47. 


6.8557 


95 


47.5 


6.8920 


96 


48. 


6.9282 


97 


48.5 


6.9642 


98 


49. 


7. 


99 


49.5 


7.0356 


100 


50. 


7.0711 



Square root 
multiplied by 



20.20 

20.40 

20.59 

20.78 

20.98 

21.17 

21.35 

21.54 

21.73 

21.91 

22.09 

22.27 

22.45 

22.63 

22.80 

22.98 

23.15 

23.32 

23.49 

23.66 

23.83 

24. 

24.17 

24.33 

24.49 



25.25 

25.50 

25.74 

25.98 

26.22 

26.46 

26.69 

26.93 

27.16 

27.39 

27.61 

27.84 

28.06 

28.28 

28.50 

28.72 

28.94 

29.15 

29.37 

29.58 

29.79 

30. 

30.21 

30.41 

30.62 

30.82 

31.02 

31.22 

31.42 

31.62 

31.82 

32.02 

32.21 

32.40 

32.6(1 

32.79 

32.98 

33.17 

33.35 

33.54 

33.73 

33.91 

34.10 

34.28 

34.46 

34.64 

34.82 

35. 

35.18 

35.36 



30.30 

30.59 

30.89 

31.18 

31.46 

31.75 

32.03 

32.31 

32.59 

32.86 

33.14 

33.41 

33.67 

33.94 

34.21 

34.47 

34.73 

34.99 

35.24 

35.50 

35.75 

36. 

36.25 

36.50 

36.74 

36.99 

37.23 

37.47 

37.71 

37.95 

38.18 

38.42 

38.65 

38.88 

39.12 

39.34 

39.57 

39.80 

40.02 

40.25 

40.47 

40.69 

40.91 

41.13 

41.35 

41.57 

41.79 

42. 

42.21 

42.43 



177 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued. 



Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. 

Three Ply. 



o 

c u 


T3 


4 « 


Square root 


o 

CT3 


•a 


ii 


Square root 


h 


o "2 


multiplied by 






o V 
O m 


multiplied by 


"oH 


-o> 


8 2 




oH 


O 1 " 


















1" 


6 


*2 


4 


5 


6 


&* 


6 


*2 


4 


5 





1 


.33 


.5774 


2.31 


2.89 


3.46 


51 


17. 


4.1231 


16.49 


20.62 


24.74 


2 


.67 


.8165 


3.27 


4.08 


4.90 


52 


17.33 


4.1633 


16.65 


20.82 


24.98 


3 


1. 


1. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


53 


17.67 


4.2032 


16.81 


21.02 


25.22 


4 


1.33 


1.1547 


4.62 


5.77 


6.93 


54 


18. 


4.2426 


16.97 


21.21 


25.46 


5 


1.67 


1.2910 


5.16 


6.45 


7.75 


55 


18.33 


4.2817 


17.13 


21.41 


25.69 


6 


2. 


1.4142 


5.66 


7.07 


8.49 


56 


18.67 


4.3205 


17.28 


21.60 


25.92 


7 


2.33 


1.5275 


6.11 


7.64 


9.17 


57 


19. 


4.3589 


17.44 


21.79 


26.15 


8 


2.67 


1.6330 


6.53 


8.16 


9.80 


58 


19.33 


4.3970 


17.59 


21.98 


26.38 


9 


3. 


1.7321 


6.93 


8.66 


10.39 


59 


19.67 


4.4347 


17.74 


22.17 


26.61 


10 


3.33 


1.8257 


7.30 


9.13 


10.95 


60 


20. 


4.4721 


17.89 


22.36 


26.83 


11 


3.67 


1.914 J 


7.66 


9.57 


11.49 


61 


20.33 


4.5092 


18.04 


22.55 


27.06 


12 


4. 


2. 


8. 


10. 


12. 


62 


20.67 


4.5461 


18.18 


22.73 


27.28 


13 


4.33 


2.0817 


8.33 


10.41 


12.49 


63 


21. 


4.5826 


18.33 


22.91 


27.50 


14 


4.67 


2.1602 


8. 64 


10.80 


12.96 


64 


21.33 


4.6188 


18.48 


23.09 


27.71 


15 


5. 


2.2361 


8.94 


11.18 


13.42 


65 


21.67 


4.6547 


18.62 


23.27 


27.93 


16 


5.33 


2.3094 


9.24 


11.55 


13.86 


66 


22. 


4.6904 


18.76 


23.45 


28.14 


17 


5.67 


2.3805 


9.52 


11.90 


14.28 


67 


22.33 


4.7258 


18.90 


23.63 


28.35 


18 


6. 


2.4495 


9.80 


12.25 


14.70 


68 


22.67 


4.7610 


19.04 


23.80 


28.57 


19 


6.33 


2.5166 


10.07 


12.58 


15.10 


69 


23. 


4.7958 


19.18 


23.98 


28.77 


20 


6.67 


2.5820 


10.33 


12.91 


15.49 


70 


23.33 


4.8305 


19.32 


24.15 


28.98 


21 


7. 


2.6458 


10.58 


13.23 


15.87 


71 


23.67 


4.8648 


19.46 


24.32 


29.19 


22 


7.33 


2.7080 


10.83 


13.54 


16.25 


72 


24. 


4.8990 


19.60 


24.49 


29.39 


23 


7.67 


2.7689 


11.08 


13.84 


16.61 


73 


24.33 


4.9329 


19.73 


24.66 


29.60 


24 


8. 


2.8284 


11.31 


14.14 


16.97 


74 


24.67 


4.9666 


19.87 


24.83 


29.80 


25 


8.33 


2.8868 


11.55 


14.43 


17.32 


75 


25. 


5. 


20. 


25. 


30. 


26 


8.67 


2.9439 


11.76 


14.72 


17.66 


76 


25.33 


5.0332 




25.17 


30.20 


27 


9. 


3. 


12. 


15. 


18. 


77 


25.67 


5.0662 




25.33 


30.40 


28 


9.33 


3.0551 


12.22 


15.28 


18.33 


78 


26. 


5.0990 




25.50 


30.59 


29 


9.67 


3.1091 


12.44 


15.55 


18.C5 


79 


26.33 


5.1316 




25.66 


30.79 


30 


10. 


3.1623 


12.65 


15.81 


18.97 


80 


26.07 


5.1640 




25.82 


30.98 


31 


10.33 


3.2145 


12.86 


16.07 


19.29 


81 


27. 


5.1962 




25.98 


31.18 


32 


10.67 


3.2659 


13.06 


16.33 


19.C0 


82 


27.33 


5.2281 




26.14 


31.37 


33 


11. 


3.3166 


13.27 


16.58 


19.90 


83 


27.67 


5.2599 




26.30 


31.56 


34 


11.33 


3.3665 


13.47 


16.83 


20.20 


84 


28. 


5.2915 




26.46 


31.75 


35 


11.67 


3.4157 


13.66 


17.08 


20.49 


85 


28.33 


5.3229 




26.61 


31.94 


36 


12. 


3.4641 


13.86 


17.32 


20.78 


86 


28.67 


5.3541 




26.77 


32.12 


37 


12.33 


3.5119 


14.05 


17.56 


21.07 


87 


29. 


5.3852 




26.93 


32.31 


38 


12.67 


3.5590 


14.24 


17.80 


21.35 


88 


29.33 


5.4160 




27.08 


32.50 


39 


13. 


3.6056 


14.42 


18.03 


21.63 


89 


29.67 


5.4467 




27.23 


32.68 


40 


13.33 


3.6515 


14.61 


18.26 


21.91 


90 


30. 


5.4772 




27.39 


32.86 


41 


13.67 


3.6969 


14.79 


18.48 


22.18 


91 


30.33 


5.5076 




27.54 


33.05 


42 


14. 


3.7417 


14.97 


18.71 


22.45 


92 


30.67 


5.5377 




27.69 


33.23 


43 


14.33 


3.7859 


15.14 


18.93 


22.72 


93 


31. 


5.5678 




27.84 


33.41 


44 


14.67 


3.8297 


15.32 


19.15 


22.98 


94 


31.33 


5.5976 




27.99 


33.59 


45 


15. 


3.8730 


15.49 


19.36 


23.24 


95 


31.07 


5.6273 




28.14 


33.76 


46 


15.33 


3.9158 


15.66 


19.58 


23.49 


96 


32. 


5.6569 




28.28 


33.94 


47 


15.67 


3.9582 


15.83 


19.79 


23.75 


97 


32.33 


5.6862 




28.43 


34.12 


48 


16. 


4. 


16. 


20. 


24. 


98 


32.07 


5.7155 




28.58 


34.29 


49 


16.33 


4.0415 


16.17 


20.21 


24.25 


99 


33. 


5.7446 




28.72 


34.47 


50 


16.67 


4.0825 


16.33 


20.41 


24.49 


100 


33.33 


5.7735 




28.87 


34.C4 



178 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Twisters, Continued* 



Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. 

Four Ply. 



o 


-a 

0) 


■s > 

a "^ 


Square root 


o 

CO 




£ i 


Square root 


<3 s 




multiplied by 






O «J 
O Vl 

U "H 


multiplied by 


"SH 


*3>h 


o 2 




oH 


"3> 
















I- 8 






4 


5 


6 


&* 


6 


j* 


4 


5 


6 


1 


.25 


.5 


2. 


2.5 


3. 


51 


12.75 


3.5707 


14.28 


17.85 


21.42 


2 


.50 


.7071 


2!83 


3.54 


4.24 


52 


13. 


3.6056 


14.42 


18.03 


21.63 


3 


.75 


.8660 


3.46 


4.33 


5.20 


53 


13.25 


3.6401 


14.56 


18.20 


21.84 


4 


1. 


1. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


54 


13.50 


3.6742 


14.70 


18.37 


22.05 


5 


1.25 


1.1180 


4.47 


5.59 


6.71 


55 


13.75 


3.7081 


14.83 


18.54 


22.25 


6 


1.50 


1.2247 


4.90 


6.12 


7.35 


56 


14. 


3.7417 


14.97 


18.71 


22.45 


7 


1.75 


1.3229 


5.29 


6.61 


7.94 


57 


14.25 


3.7749 


15.10 


18.87 


22.65 


8 


2. 


1.4142 


5.66 


7.07 


8.49 


58 


14.50 


3.8079 


15.23 


19.04 


22.85 


9 


2.25 


1.5 


6. 


7.5 


9. 


59 


14.75 


3.8406 


15.36 


19.20 


23.04 


10 


2.50 


1.5811 


6.32 


7.91 


9.49 


60 


15. 


3.8730 


15.49 


19.37 


23.24 


*^ 


2.75 


1.6583 


6.63 


8.29 


9.95 


61 


15.25 


3.9051 


15.62 


19.53 


23.43 


12 


3. 


1.7321 


6.93 


8.66 


10.39 


62 


15.50 


3.9370 


15.75 


19.69 


23.62 


13 


3.25 


1.8028 


7.21 


9.01 


10.82 


63 


15.75 


3.9686 


15.88 


19.84 


23.81 


14 


3.50 


1.8708 


7.48 


9.35 


11.22 


64 


16. 


4. 


16. 


20. 


24. 


15 


3.75 


1.9365 


7.75 


9.68 


11.62 


65 


16.25 


4.0311 


16.12 


20.16 


24.19 


16 


4. 


2. 


8. 


10. 


12. 


66 


16.50 


4.0620 


16.25 


20.31 


24.37 


17 


4.25 


2.0616 


8.25 


10.31 


12.37 


67 


16.75 


4.0927 


16.37 


20.46 


24.56 


18 


4.50 


2.1213 


8.49 


10.61 


12.73 


68 


17. 


4.1231 


16.49 


20.62 


24.74 


19 


4.75 


2.1794 


8.72 


10.90 


13.08 


69 


17.25 


4.1533 


16.61 


20.77 


24.92 


20 


5. 


2.2361 


8.94 


11.18 


13.42 


70 


17.50 


4.1833 


16.73 


20.92 


25.10 


21 


5.25 


2.2913 


9.17 


11.46 


13.75 


71 


17.75 


4.2130 


16.85 


21.07 


25.28 


22 


5.50 


2.3452 


9.38 


11.73 


14.07 


72 


18. 


4.2426 


16.97 


21.21 


25.46 


23 


5.75 


2.3979 


9.59 


11.99 


14.39 


73 


1S.25 


4.2720 


17.09 


21.36 


25.63 


24 


6. 


2.4495 


9.80 


12.25 


14.70 


74 


18.50 


4.3012 


17.20 


21.51 


25.81 


25 


6.25 


2.5 


10. 


12.5 


15. 


75 


18.75 


4.3301 


17.32 


21.65 


25.98 


26 


6.50 


2.5495 


10.20 


12.75 


15.30 


76 


19. 


4.3589 




21.79 


26.15 


27 


6.75 


2.5981 


10.39 


12.99 


15.59 


77 


19.25 


4.3875 




21.94 


26.32 


28 


7. 


2.6458 


10.58 


13.23 


15.87 


78 


19.50 


4.4159 




22.08 


26.50 


29 


7.25 


2.6926 


10.77 


13.46 


16.16 


79 


19.75 


4.4441 




22.22 


26.66 


30 


7.50 


2.7386 


10.95 


13.69 


16.43 


80 


20. 


4.4721 




22.36 


26.83 


31 


7.75 


2.7839 


11.14 


13.92 


16.70 


81 


20.25 


4.5 




22.5 


27. 


32 


8. 


2.8284 


11.31 


14.14 


16.97 


82 


20.50 


4.5277 




22.64 


27.17 


33 


8.25 


2.8723 


11.49 


14.36 


17.23 


83 


20.75 


4.5552 




22.78 


27.33 


34 


8.50 


2.9155 


11.66 


14.58 


17.49 


84 


21. 


4.5826 




22.91 


27.50 


35 


8.75 


2.9580 


11.83 


14.79 


17.75 


85 


21.25 


4.6098 




23.95 


27.66 


36 


9. 


3. 


12. 


15. 


18. 


86 


21.50 


4.6368 




23.18 


27.82 


37 


9.25 


3.0414 


12.17 


15.21 


18.25 


87 


21.75 


4.6637 




23.32 


27.98 


38 


9.50 


3.0822 


12.33 


15.41 


18.49 


88 


22. 


4.6904 




23.45 


28.14 


39 


9.75 


3.1225 


12.49 


15.61 


18.73 


89 


22.25 


4.7170 




23.58 


28.30 


40 


10. 


3.1623 


12.65 


15.81 


18.97 


90 


22.50 


4.7434 




23.72 


28.46 


41 


10.25 


3.2016 


12.81 


16.01 


19.21 


91 


22.75 


4.7697 




23.85 


28.62 


42 


10.50 


3.2404 


12.96 


16.20 


19.44 


92 


23. 


4.7958 




23.98 


28.77 


43 


10.75 


3.2787 


13.11 


16.39 


19.67 


93 


23.25 


4.8218 




24.11 


28.93 


44 


11. 


3.3166 


13.27 


16.58 


19.90 


94 


23.50 


4.8477 




24.24 


29.09 


45 


11.25 


3.3541 


13.42 


16.77 


20.12 


95 


23.75 


4.8734 




24.37 


29.24 


46 


11.50 


3.3912 


13.56 


16.96 


20.35 


96 


24. 


4.8990 




24.49 


29.39 


47 


11.75 


3.4278 


13.71 


17.14 


20.57 


97 


24.25 


4.9244 




24.62 


29.55 


48 


12. 


3.4641 


13.86 


17.32 


20.78 


98 


24.50 


4.9497 




24.75 


29.70 


49 


12.25 


3.5 1 14. 


17.5 


21. 


99 


24.75 


4.9749 




24.87 


29.85 


50 


12.50 


3.5355 14.14 


17.68 


21.21 


100 


25. 


5. 




25. 


30. 



179 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Continued, 



Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. 

Five Ply. 



o 


T3 


&i 


Square root 


o 

CT3 


T3 
0) 




Square root 


* In 




■s >• 

o ^ 


multiplied by 


"1 S 


^ J3 




multiplied by 


oH 




o £ 






"oH 


"SI" 


o V, 


















I'" 8 


d 
25 


*5 

en H 


4 


5 


6 


&* 


6 
7\ 




4 


5 


G 


1 


.2 


.4472 


1.79 


2.24 


2.68 


51 


10.2 


3.1937 


12.77 


15.97 


19.16 


2 


.4 


.6325 


2.53 


3.16 


3.79 


52 


10.4 


3.2249 


12.90 


16.12 


19.35 


3 


.6 


.7746 


3.10 


3.87 


4.65 


53 


10.6 


3.2558 


13.02 


16.28 


19.53 


4 


.8 


.8944 


3.58 


4.47 


5.37 


54 


10.8 


3.2863 


13.15 


16.43 


19.72 


5 


1. 


1. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


55 


11. 


3.3166 


13.27 


16.58 


19.90 


6 


1.2 


1.0954 


4.38 


5.48 


6.57 


56 


11.2 


3.3466 


13.39 


16.73 


20.08 


7 


1.4 


1.1832 


4.73 


5.92 


7.10 


57 


11.4 


3.3764 


13.51 


16.88 


20.26 


8 


1.6 


1.2649 


5.06 


6.32 


7.59 


58 


11.6 


3.4059 


13.62 


17.03 


20.44 


9 


1.8 


1.3416 


5.37 


6.71 


8.05 


59 


11.8 


3.4351 


13.74 


17.18 


20.61 


10 


2. 


1.4142 


5.66 


7.07 


8.49 


60 


12. 


3.4641 


13.86 


17.32 


20.78 


11 


2.2 


1.4832 


5.93 


7.42 


8.90 


61 


12.2 


3.4928 


13.97 


17.46 


20.96 


12 


2.4 


1.5492 


6.20 


7.75 


9.30 


62 


12.4 


3.5214 


14.09 


17.01 


21.13 


13 


2.6 


1.6125 


6.45 


8.06 


9.67 


63 


12.6 


3.5496 


14.20 


17.75 


21.30 


14 


2.8 


1.6733 


6.69 


8.37 


10.04 


64 


12.8 


3.5777 


14.31 


17.89 


21.47 


15 


3. 


1.7321 


6.93 


8.66 


10.39 


65 


13. 


3.6056 


14.42 


18.03 


21.63 


16 


3.2 


1.7889 


7.16 


8.95 


10.73 


66 


13.2 


3.6332 


14.53 


18.17 


21.80 


17 


3.4 


1.8439 


7.38 


9.22 


11.06 


67 


13.4 


3.6606 


14.64 


18.30 


21.96 


18 


3.6 


1.8974 


7.59 


9.49 


11.38 


68 


13.6 


3.6878 


14.75 


18.44 


22.13 


19 


3.8 


1.9494 


7.80 


9.75 


11.70 


69 


13.8 


3.7148 


14.86 


18.56 


22.29 


20 


4. 


2. 


8. 


10. 


12. 


70 


14. 


3.7417 


14.97 


18.71 


22.45 


21 


4.2 


2.0494 


8.20 


10.25 


12.30 


71 


14.2 


3.6783 


15.07 


18.84 


22.61 


22 


4.4 


2.0976 


8.39 


10.49 


12.59 


72 


14.4 


3.7948 


15.18 


18.97 


22.77 


23 


4.6 


2.1448 


8.58 


10.72 


12.87 


73 


14.6 


3.8210 


15.28 


19.10 


22.93 


24 


4.8 


2.1909 


8.76 


10.95 


13.15 


74 


14.8 


3.8471 


15.38 


19.24 


23.U8 


25 


5. 


2.2361 


8.94 


11.18 


13.42 


75 


15. 


3.8730 


15.49 


19.37 


23.24 


26 


5.2 


2.2804 


9.12 


11.40 


13.68 


76 


15.2 


3.8987 




19.49 


23.39 


27 


5.4 


2.3238 


9.30 


11.62 


13.94 


77 


15.4 


3.9243 




19.62 


23.55 


28 


5.6 


2.3664 


9.47 


11.83 


14.20 


78 


15.6 


3.9497 




19.75 


23.70 


29 


5.8 


2.4083 


9.63 


12.04 


14.45 


79 


15.8 


3.9749 




19.87 


23.85 


30 


6. 


2.4495 


9.80 


12.25 


14.70 


80 


16. 


4. 




20. 


24. 


31 


6.2 


2.4900 


9.96 


12.45 


14.94 


81 


16.2 


4.0249 




20.12 


24.15 


32 


6.4 


2.5298 


10.12 


12.65 


15.18 


82 


10.4 


4.0497 




20.25 


24.30 


33 


6.6 


2.5690 


10.28 


12.85 


15.41 


83 


16.6 


4.0743 




20.37 


24.45 


34 


6.8 


2.6077 


10.43 


13.04 


15.65 


84 


16.8 


4.0988 




20.49 


24.59 


35 


7. 


2.6458 


10.58 


13.23 


15.S7 


85 


17. 


4.1231 




20.62 


24.74 


36 


7.2 


2.6S33 


10.73 


13.42 


16.10 


86 


17.2 


4.1473 




20.74 


24.88 


37 


7.4 


2.7203 


10.88 


13.60 


16.32 


87 


17.4 


4.1713 




20.86 


25.03 


38 


7.6 


2.7568 


11.03 


13.78 


16.54 


88 


17.6 


4.1952 




20.98 


25.17 


39 


7.8 


2.7928 


11.17 


13.96 


16.76 


89 


17.8 


4.2190 




21.10 


25.31 


40 


8. 


2.8284 


11.31 


14.14 


16.97 


90 


18. 


4.2426 




21.21 


25.46 


41 


8.2 


2.8C36 


11.45 


14.32 


17.18 


91 


18.2 


4.2661 




21.33 


25.60 


42 


8.4 


2.8983 


11.59 


14.49 


17.39 


92 


18.4 


4.2895 




21.45 


25.74 


43 


8.6 


2.9326 


11.73 


14.C6 


17.60 


93 


18.6 


4.3128 




21.56 


25.88 


44 


8.8 


2.9665 


11.87 


14.83 


17.80 


94 


18.8 


4.3359 




21.68 


26.02 


45 


9. 


3. 


12. 


15. 


18. 


95 


19. 


4.3589 




21.79 


26.15 


40 


9.2 


3.0332 


12.13 


15.17 


18.20 


96 


19.2 


4.3818 




21.91 


26.29 


47 


9.4 


3.0659 


12.20 


15.33 


18.40 


97 


19.4 


4.4045 




22.02 


26.43 


48 


9.6 


3.0934 


12.39 


15.49 


18.59 


98 


19.3 


4.4272 




22.14 


26.50 


49 


9.8 


3.1305 


12.52 


15.65 


18.78 


99 


19.8 


4.4497 




22.25 


26.70 


50 


10. 


3.1623 


12.65 


15.81 


18.97 


100 


20. 


4.4721 




22.36 


26.83 



180 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Twisters, Concluded. 



Twist Tables for Twisting Yarns. 

Six Ply. 



o 


"O 

a) 




Sq 


uare root 



CO 


•o 


& i 


Square root 


* s 
*? 


k 


o "g 


multiplied by 


■3 -s 


Is 


<-. "O 
o <u 

O to 


multiplied by 


*oH 


o>" 








*+4 r. 

on 


0*" 




















d 

IS 


*2 


4 


5 


6 


1" 


6 
IS 


O" fn 


4 


5 


6 


i 


.17 


.4082 


1.C3 


2.04 


2.45 


51 


8.50 


2.9155 


11.66 


14.58 


17.49 


2 


.33 


.5774 


2.31 


2.89 


3.46 


52 


8.67 


2.9439 


11.78 


14.72 


17.66 


3 


.50 


.7071 


2.83 


3.54 


4.24 


53 


8.83 


2.9721 


11.89 


14.86 


17.83 


4 


.67 


.8165 


3.27 


4.08 


4.90 


54 


9. 


3. 


12. 


15. 


18. 


5 


.83 


.9129 


3.65 


4.56 


5.48 


55 


9.17 


3.0277 


12.11 


15.14 


18.17 


6 


1. 


1. 


4. 


5. 


6. 


56 


9.33 


3.0551 


12.22 


15.28 


18.33 


7 


1.17 


1.0801 


4.32 


5.40 


6.48 


57 


9.50 


3.0822 


12.33 


15.41 


18.49 


8 


1.33 


1.1547 


4.62 


5.77 


6.93 


58 


9.67 


3.1091 


12.44 


15.55 


18.65 


9 


1.50 


1.2247 


4.90 


6.12 


7.35 


59 


9.83 


3.1358 


12.54 


15.68 


18.81 


10 


1.67 


1.2910 


5.16 


6.45 


7.75 


60 


10. 


3.1623 


12.65 


15.81 


18.97 


11 


1.83 


1.3540 


5.42 


6.77 


8.12 


61 


10.17 


3.1885 


12.75 


15.94 


19.13 


12 


2. 


1.4142 


5.66 


7.07 


8.49 


62 


10.33 


3.2415 


12.86 


16.07 


19.29 


13 


2.17 


1.4720 


5.89 


7.36 


8.83 


63 


10.50 


3.2404 


12.96 


16.20 


19.44 


14 


2.33 


1.5275 


6.11 


7.64 


9.17 


64 


10.67 


3.2659 


13.06 


16.33 


19.60 


15 


2.50 


1.5811 


6.32 


7.91 


9.49 


65 


10.83 


3.2914 


13.17 


16.46 


19.75 


16 


2.67 


1.6330 


6.53 


8.16 


9.80 


66 


11. 


3.3166 


13.27 


16.58 


19.90 


17 


2.83 


1.6833 


6.73 


8.42 


10.10 


67 


11.17 


3.3417 


13.37 


16.71 


20.05 


Id 


3. 


1.7321 


6.93 


8.66 


10.39 


68 


11.33 


3.3665 


13.47 


16.83 


20.20 


19 


3.17 


1.7795 


7.12 


8.90 


10.68 


69 


11.50 


3.3912 


13.56 


16.96 


20.35 


20 


3.33 


1.8257 


7.30 


9.13 


10.95 


70 


11.67 


3.4157 


13.66 


17.08 


20.49 


21 


3.50 


1.8708 


7.48 


9.35 


11.22 


71 


11.83 


3.4400 


13.76 


17.20 


20.64 


22 


3.67 


1.9149 


7.66 


9.57 


11.49 


72 


12. 


3.4641 


13.86 


17.32 


20.78 


23 


3.83 


1.9579 


7.83 


9.79 


11.75 


73 


12.17 


3.4881 


13.95 


17.44 


20.93 


24 


4. 


2. 


8. 


10. 


12. 


74 


12.33 


3.5119 


14.05 


17.56 


21.07 


25 


4.17 


2.0412 


8.16 


10.21 


12.25 


75 


12.50 


3.5355 


14.14 


17.68 


21.21 


26 


4.33 


2.0817 


8.33 


10.41 


12.49 


76 


12.67 


3.5590 




17.80 


21.35 


27 


4.50 


2.1213 


8.49 


10.61 


12.73 


77 


12.83 


3.5824 




17.91 


21.49 


28 


4.67 


2.1602 


8.64 


10.80 


12.96 


78 


13. 


3.6056 




18.03 


21.63 


29 


4.83 


2.1985 


8.79 


10.99 


13.19 


79 


13.17 


3.6286 




18.14 


21.77 


30 


5. 


2.2361 


8.94 


11.18 


13.42 


80 


13.33 


3.6515 




18.26 


21.91 


31 


5.17 


2.2730 


9.09 


11.37 


13.64 


81 


13.50 


3.6742 




18.37 


22.05 


32 


5.33 


2.3094 


9.24 


11.55 


13.86 


82 


13.67 


3.6969 




18.48 


22.18 


33 


5.50 


2.3452 


9.38 


11.73 


14.07 


83 


13.83 


3.7192 




18.60 


22.32 


34 


5.67 


2.3805 


9.52 


11.90 


14.28 


84 


14. 


3.7417 




18.71 


22.45 


35 


5.83 


2.4152 


9.66 


12.08 


14.49 


85 


14.17 


3.7639 




18.82 


22.58 


36 


6. 


2.4495 


9.80 


12.25 


14.70 


86 


14.33 


3.7859 




18.93 


22.72 


37 


6.17 


2.4833 


9.93 


12.42 


14.90 


87 


14.50 


3.8079 




19.04 


22.85 


38 


6.33 


2.5166 


10 07 


12.58 


15.10 


88 


14.67 


3.8297 




19.15 


22.98 


39 


6.50 


2.5495 


10.20 


12.75 


15.30 


89 


14.83 


3.8514 




19.26 


23.11 


40 


6.67 


2.5820 


10.53 


12.91 


15.49 


90 


15. 


3.8730 




19.36 


23.24 


41 


6.83 


2.6141 


10.46 


13.07 


15.68 


91 


15.17 


3.8944 




19.47 


23.37 


42 


7. 


2.6458 


10.58 


13.23 


15.87 


92 


15.33 


3.9158 




19.58 


23.49 


43 


7.17 


2.6771 


10.71 


13.39 


16.06 


93 


15.50 


3.9370 




19.69 


23.62 


44 


7.33 


2.7080 


10.83 


13.54 


16.25 


94 


15.67 


3.9582 




19.79 


23.75 


45 


7.50 


2.7386 


10.95 


13.69 


16.43 


95 


15.83 


3.9791 




19.90 


23.87 


46 


7.67 


2.7689 


11.08 


13.84 


16.61 


96 


16. 


4. 




20. 


24. 


47 


7.83 


2.7988 


11.20 


13.99 


16.79 


97 


16.17 


4.0208 




20.10 


24.12 


48 


8. 


2.8284 


11.31 


14.14 


16.97 


98 


16.33 


4.0415 




20.21 


24.25 


49 


8.17 


2.8577 


11.43 


14.29 


17.15 


99 


16.50 


4.0620 




20.31 


24.37 


50 


8.33 


2.8868 


11.55 


14.43 


17.32 


100 


16.67 


4.0825 




20.41 


24.49 



181 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



The weeks banding machine. 




(With Waiter's Marker) 

Spindle banding is a very important matter. While it will 
not do to have slack yarn, the method of prevention by tying 
tight bands is very objectionable, for the power taken in- 
creases enormously, and the spindles are rapidly worn out. 
One prominent spinner uses bands as light as 230 to the 
pound, put on at a tension of 2^ pounds, and claims their 
average life to be ten months, running spindles 9400 revolu- 
tions, on 29s warp yarn, 6" traverse, and 1^" rings. He ad- 
vises brushing the cylinder at least every ten days to keep 
bands free from oil and lint, with inspection at the same time 
to detect slack bands, which should be cut off. These bands 
were made from No. 8 hank roving, using 8 strands with a 
core of 8 threads of No. 30 yarn. The bands were not hard 
twisted, about three turns per inch ; they were tied with a 
loop knot, and were marked. 

The above cut shows the Weeks Band Machine, made _ by 
the Draper Co. It is automatic in action so far as changing 
from twisting to doubling is concerned, and stopping itself 
when the band is made. It can be set for any desired amount 
of twist, making either a hard or soft band. It can be fitted 
with a Watter's Marker to automatically make a mark on the 
band at a definite length for the purpose of showing the band 
boy where the knot should be tied. By this means an even 
tension can be had on all the spindles. 

It is usually run by a boy, and its capacity is 1500 bands 
per day, running at a speed of about 2000 revolutions. 

The pulley is 4" x 1 %" . 



182 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



AUTOMATIC BAND MACHINE. 

(Cole Brothers.) 




This is a full automatic loop banding machine. The bands 
are all cut off exactly the same length, and are all twisted 
alike, the twist being governed by cams and gears. As the 
bands are finished, they are taken off automatically and car- 
ried to hooks at the side of the machine, where they are all 
kept neatly straightened, so there is no difficulty in taking 
them off as wanted for use. All the changes are automatic, 
and closely follow each other. A good many mills are mak- 
ing mule bands on this machine, as the loop fastening makes 
them run smoother than the endless band, tied with a knot, 
which makes a jump in the spindle. 

The capacity of the machine is such that it will furnish all 
the bands required for a 50,000 spindle mill. 

The machine occupies a floor space 14/-0" long by 2'-o" 
wide. 

It is driven by two 1^" belts from a countershaft driven 
by one 2" belt ; this countershaft is fitted with tight and 
loose pulleys \o" x 2" ', making 570 revolutions per minute. 



183 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



NEW MODEL REEL, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works, 




The patterns for this machine have been entirely remod- 
eled, the Reel being much lighter than formerly, and also 
easier running and more convenient. The " Wheel " method 
of doffing is employed, and by a simple device the swifts of 
the Reel are closed like a fan during this process. The ma- 
chines are adjustable for 54 // , 60" and 72" skeins and may be 
fitted with either the cross or plain traverse. Spindles are 
usually made with a uniform friction, but may be made, how- 
ever, with independent and adjustable friction for varying 
tension, if desired. A stop-motion is furnished at option of 
purchaser. 



184 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Reels, Continued. 





Reel Stop Motion Diagram. 



185 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Reels, Continued* 



Floor Space. 





'/j in. 


3 


n. 


3| in. 


o£in. 


of in. 


4 in. 




No. of 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


Space. 


No. of 


Spindles 


ft. 


in. 


ft. 


in. 


ft. 


in. 


ft. 


in. 


ft. 


in 


ft. 


in. 


Spindles 


30 


















11 


63/f 


12 


2 


30 


32 














11 


ty 


12 


->v t 


12 


10 


32 


34 










11 


sy< 


12 


VA 


12 


n 


13 


6 


34 


36 






11 


3 


11 


iw t 


12 


ay. 


13 


»>K 


14 


2 


36 


38 






11 


9 


12 


sy 


13 


■av. 


14 


03/i 


14 


10 


38 


40 


11 


5V 


12 


3 


13 


03/f 


13 


10* 


14 


« x 4 


15 


6 


40 


42 


11 


103^ 


12 


9 


13 


iM 


14 


b% 


15 


33/ 4 


16 


2 


42 


44 


12 


w A 


13 


3 


14 


134 


15 


Wo 


lb 


11 % 






44 


46 


12 


W< 


13 


9 


14 


w, 


15 


i% 










46 


48 


13 


•6-% 


14 


3 


15 


•2^4 


16 


W, 










48 


50 


13 


W< 


14 


9 


15 


w< 














50 


52 


14 


'4 


15 


3 


16 


&4 














52 


54 


14 


•13/, 


lb 


9 


















54 


56 


15 


W 


16 


3 


















56 


58 


15 


ty< 






















58 


60 


16 


o% 






















60 



Driving Pulleys:— 12" diameter by 7." face. Speed from 125 to 150 revo- 
lutions per minute. 
Floor Space : — 28" wide and lengths as per above table. 



IS6 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Reels, Continued* 



I 



r 

o 

i 



t . M 

? ILZZ 



187 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Reels, Continued. 



Lea Stop Motion. 

Plain Traverse. 



Yds. 


A 


B 


D 


F 


G 


H 


54" 


Reel. 


60" 


Reel. 


72" 


Reel. 




























C 


E 


C 


E 


C 


E 


120 


33 


63 


20 


42 


16 


21 


21 


133 


20 


114 


20 


95 


240 


3» 


t>3 


20 


21 


16 


42 


21 


i33 


20 


114 


20 


95 


360 


3» 


t>3 


20 


21 


24 


42 


21 


133 


20 


114 


20 


95 


480 


3» 


t>3 


20 


21 


32 


42 


21 


133 


20 


114 


20 


95 


600 


3« 


63 


20 


21 


40 


42 


21 


133 


20 


114 


20 


95 


720 


38 


63 


20 


21 


48 


42 


21 


133 


20 


114 


20 


95 


S40 


3* 


63 


20 


21 


5b 


42 


21 


133 


20 


114 


20 


95 



Gears F and H are interchangeable. 

This motion cannot be used on Cross Traverse. 



Lea Stop Motion. 

Cross Traverse. 















54 


" Reel. 


60 


" Reel. 


72 


" Reel. 


Yds. 


A 


B 


F 


G 


H 












































C 


D 


E 


C 


D 


E 


C 


D 


E 


120 


42 


91 


42 


16 


21 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


108 


39 


21 


135 


240 


42 


9i 


21 


16 


42 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


108 


39 


21 


135 


360 


42 


91 


21 


24 


42 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


108 


29 


21 


135 


480 


42 


91 


21 


32 • 


42 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


ic8 


39 


21 


135 


600 


42 


91 


21 


40 


42 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


108 


39 


21 


135 


720 


42 


9i 


21 


48 


42 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


108 


39 


21 


135 


840 


42 


91 


21 


56 


42 


26 


20 


126 


26 


21 


j 08 


39 


21 


135 



Gears F and H are interchangeable. 

This motion cannot be used on Plain Traverse. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Reels, Continued* 



X/l 



g 

■8 

•3 

o 

U 

(J 

ft 



« 



5'E 



HfNCO'^iOOt-cCClOH^m'tifl'Or'COClOHMM'fuO^t-OOQO 

hhhhhhhhhh^m^:j:)MMM(MWCO 



•CCoOiOOJWffiOOOOiOcOCOC^iOi 



'O co oi T-i i-i r-i 



<-f COiONQOiOlOHMeD 



0»fl'*NC'M:-?lL':Lt-t<HHt-l>HOOI>QWCO'*'MHOH(MCOCC01 

io oj oq coo '•" ~ ~ 

OJHOOd< 
CD CO CO r-i i-( i 



■ r* OS b- CO lO rH -1* O CO QC CM -* i-H CM I- lO i_1 L- CM t )* MHHMCOlOOOH 

Ji-HOOOOC - ' * " 

CDO^tMHHH 



T}<Ml0HHt-fflc0OH00-1 < l>Ot-«C^«-act--ff5^(MC<:O00O'f 

© © co iCi co r " - •- ■- ■ - ■ - - 

co cs as tPt-J c 

0«HilH 



HHO»O^Ct-XOXX I-" Oi * CM C. ~ O ~ r; CD -* CO CO CO id t- O CO CO 

x ~ co a; r-j c ' - - ....._... 

oVcOCOHC 
lO CM r-i rH rH 



t'C5C0OiM«C0OOOt-CDCqC0b-OO00N00O^C0'^OC0aWOO3 
O l> 00 -f l- Ci w L- CTC CO X -t H OO O « H C". OC w O ■+ CO C-l H O O O X t- 

co"co^coocot^cooo^^^cococo'co^cNc4c^c>i 

L.O MHHH 



HTF©C0COCM-tf©CMt 



■CMt--t<CMrHTHCMCOlCi00i-l 



— :- r) ,_| ,_, ,-i 



CO CO CM t- O i-l CO XX' CO OCDCOCOCJ** CO -* t- CM X L0) -f CO' CO -V CO CO i-t -f 



l£i CM l£j t- lC X -f -f l0 rt CI — " CI IC CM rH ~" — ? 1 X " * O l-j LO b- Oi H -t CO 

cmi-h t-;© r* — •- ■ " - .... 

CD CO CO •* i 



-F CM CO CO i- :i •' X CO CO C" *U-OOCVOOMOOCOt-!OCOt-( 



1 M H H H 



^NH<DOrt©WHMOCON«COt-OOOOH0500b-MOJi-('ft-0'* 
^1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ L ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ] C ^ l ~ ° ^ -° ^ ^ — — '^ °° ^ t' 

o4cot^coocdt^coio*iQ^^^cococo"coc4c4c>ic^ 

lO CMrH rH ^H 



- x x c^ co x co x tt -p iO' ~ uo r-t o cc © o ih co co o co : 



H<NCOT}10COb-OOQOrHC-lM-foriNCO^CiHC-"ICO*flOOI>COOJO 
HHHHHi-tHHHnMClMMMri:i:i?i:i.-. 



189 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Reels, Concluded. 



*3 

3 




a 








+j 


-J 


c 


w 


o 


UJ 


U 


ftS 




S 




h- 1 


CO 


o 






>n 




WJ 





H 

c 
o 

•VI 

t> 

O 



rHt^COTFU3COt~COOSOi-iCNCOTt<iOCDt~CCOSO^*^CO^^COt-COO , SO 



HCOOM'flflCCt'Ot-HCOTpOOCOWCCiOrHOiOlH'fCliClNCCiOSffi 
t- CO OS OS t-; OS OS ^ C "~ "■ "■ "■ "■ ■ '~ •-" '"" "- "■" ""■ 

COtlNNHHi-tH 



COQOQOOil>OOOiacO'*HOOO'fCD<MWt>CO(MCOOOlO^QXt-t-CC 

dddddcoHOc 

QO^WNHHHH 



HHt-COO'tfOW^OOWfOO'ttNWClDWlOt-OiOHCOtOiOiOCDI 



t'CONHHHH 



CDCO<ONCOMCOHOit-0't©<DHH , t05COOJH»OHt- HO "# CO CO ^t« CO 

coooiO'tt^eoiqc' "'"'"' --..-...-...«.— .-■ ..,......,.......,,. ., , .,..„., 

cocd^co-^tNO': 

t-COWHHHH 



HCOTfOOXiNlflaHCOOlCOHWClOrfHOWiOOCOMHHHHOW 
t-CQMHHHH 



t-OSG>^Tt<OCOI^b-^OCSCC^OSt-OSTt«CN|COlOOSO»-tOSaOCOCCC^r-ICO 

os rt< cc t- ■* *-i i* "" ■ - " ■'"'■ ■ ' ■"" ■ ~ " "" ■ " * "" """ ' 

CO CO CM CO CO i-H < 
CO CO <M i-H i-H i-H 



COCOHQOt-U5M't^M«COt-h-M(NCO!MH{Nifl(JnOMOCOOOOOOH 



(MCDt(CO^^OC 
t- CO <N i-H i-H iH tH 



lOCO^HMrHlOr-l'tt-CSH^t 



< co o t- 1- as c 



t-coooicoaocsoN 



so^c^^cScodsfc^i^cscoaqcoaacDcoNao 



• OS CO rf<0 CO I 



COCCMHHH 



■Tt*OOJOOW01t-a , *iMC0100lOHO;COCOCOCJHrO 



ffil0C0t>CD(N05rfiO«iaC0^ai0i<NC0NQC ; ]tD^OC0t'h-00OWW 

-^H'tqoo^i "— ■---'■ - - • - ■'- ■- ■■ 

^ « ih to 01 o ( 

SCO tMr-4iHrH 



HH^ONb-COOiacOO^^OHJOCOW^oO-HODOt-l: 



CO CO » i-l i-< i-H 



• iO-*C5i(NNb-inOCDHTf<HMait-OOOiOHCOOtC>tDt-aiHfCN 



W(NHrHi-l 



HCNCCTflOCOt-.OOOOi-INCO'finCOb-OOOJC'HINCO 



3S 






190 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



UNIVERSAL WINDERS. 

(To wind either cones or parallel tubes.) 




This is a Spindle Winder, and the machines are built in 
gangs of six spindles each. 

Heretofore cotton yarn intended for use in the knit goods 
industry has been wound in conical form for shipment by a 
process termed drum winding, so called by reason of the 
yarn being drawn on to the surface of the paper cone through 
frictional contact with the face of a revolving, conical drum. 

A careful investigation of the knit goods industry discloses 
the fact that it has been the custom of the knitters to rewind 
a large part of the yarn received by them on cones. 

In shipping yarn on mule cops there is a large amount of 
waste, owing to the tender condition of the cops, which in 
transportation are subjected to such crushing and straining 
as to displace the yarn and prevent its running off evenly and 
uniformly. Notwithstanding this, .there is an enormous 
amount of yarn shipped to the knitting mills on mule cops, 
to be wound on bobbins, the knitters preferring to lose a 
large amount of waste rather than to have the yarn rewound 
the second time after the arbitrary and radical treatment 
which the yarn has heretofore received in the process of 
winding. 



191 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Universal Winders, Continued. 



The following points are claimed for the Universal system 
of winding : 

i. The yarn is laid from start to finish in a regular succes- 
sion of coils and layers, the same number of coils in each 
layer. 

2. The coils of yarn being laid side by side in close contact, 
form a smooth, hard basis on which the successive coils are 
laid evenly, without crushing or displacing the twist. 

3. Every coil is reversed at each end of the cone, passing 
back at a uniform angle, and placed in position, crossing 
every other previously-laid coil, and binding it into place. 
The guide delivering the varn close to the surface of the cone 
prevents any coils from passing beyond the point of reversal, 
and slipping across the end of cone to produce " cobwebs. " 

4. In winding by the Universal process, the spindle is ro- 
tated at uniform speed and the yarn guide resting lightly 
against the surface of the yarn, lays it in uniform coils, thus 
preventing any slipping of the coils, and protecting the yarn 
against abrasion and straining. 

5. The number of coils in each layer about the cone being 
absolute^' uniform, the same thickness of yarn is built up at 
each end, resulting in a perfectly formed cone of uniform 
taper from start to finish. 

6. The cone of yarn being built upon a uniform taper from 
start to finish, the delivery of yarn to the knitting machine 
is absolutely uniform from start to finish. 



192 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Universal Winders, Continued* 



7. The tension on the yarn in winding is applied by passing 
the yarn between a number of polished steel blades, the pres- 
sure of which is graduated to produce uniform stress upon 
the yarn. 

8. The tension blades throw off from the yarn dirt, specks, 
and slubs, thereby improving the quality of the yarn. • 

9. The spindle is driven positively at high speed, and the 
centrifugal force throws from the surface of the cone any 
dust, dirt, or lint which might have the tendency to accumu- 
late there. 

10. The spindle being positively driven and the guide con- 
trolled in positive relation to the surface of the cone, com- 
pels the absolutely uniform winding, and is adjustable to 
produce cones of exact dimensions. 

11. Owing to the compactness of winding and the uniform- 
ity of tension there is a gain of from one-third to one-half in 
the packing space of the cones, which being of uniform di- 
mensions pack closer and with greater safety for shipment. 

12. The yarn being wound in perfectly cylindrical form 
under uniform tension, with the same number of coils in 
each layer, with no yarns overrunning the ends of the cone, 
and built into cones having a uniform taper from start to 
finish, delivers to knitting machines under the most favor- 
able conditions, insuring uniformity in the fabric, and no 
loss or waste from start to finish. 



193 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRA.MER, Charlotte, N. C 



Universal Winders, Continued. 



Many types of Universal Winders are manufactured to suit 
the demands of different trades. 

The No. 5 Machine answers all the purposes of the average 
cotton mill, whether in winding the tenderest soft, yarn on 
cones for the knitters, or hard twisted warp yarn on tubes. 

The only other machine that might interest a cotton man- 
ufacturer is possibly the No. 7 Machine, for the use of man- 
ufacturers of large cords and twines. The maximum capacity 
is a cone or tube 16" x 16". It is made with only one spindle 
to each machine, which occupies a floor space of 4'~3" x s'-o". 
Its production on large cords is from 1,000 to 1,500 pounds 
per day. 

Machine No. 5. 

This is the machine ordinarily used by the cotton mill 
trade. It is adapted to winding twine, cord, thread, or yarn, 
in packages of from 4" x 4" to 6" x 6" ; and also in conical 
form with 6" traverse. It is built in gangs of six spindles 
each to the frame, which occupies a floor space of 7'-5" x 

2'-o". 

The spindle speed is from 1000 to 1800 turns per minute. 

Length of traverse, 6", 5^", 5", 4%", and \" '. 

The gangs are usually grouped three in a line, making a 
total of 18 spindles, which supplies a proper number for an 
average operator to handle on single 20s yarn. 

The machines are driven from shafting l\Y' diameter, pro- 
vided with tight and loose single flange pulleys, 10" in diam- 
eter and with if£" face ; belting \Y%" wide should be used. 
It is advised that these pulleys be bought with the machines 
to insure the most satisfactory results. 

As this is the standard type of this machine ordinarily used 
in cotton mills, it is the only one for which we show cuts of 
floor plans, etc. 

These cuts, it will be noticed, illustrate the machine both 
driven from above and driven from below ; and also two 
methods of driving, with quarter turn belt and with open and 
crossed belt, depending upon whether the winders are placed 
lengthwise with the mill or across it. 



194 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Universal Winders, Continued. 



3=Way Tension Attachment. — This device is designed 
for winding three ends of yarn on one package at the same 
time. It may be attached to any of the No. 5 Machines. It 
is principally used for winding braider cops, but may be ap- 
plied to other lines, such as twister work. 

When used for Braider Cops, the production of the braider 
is greatly increased, for with two to three times as much yarn 
in the same space, there are fewer cops for doffing. The 
three ends are wound under exactly the same conditions and 
laid perfectly parallel to each other, insuring a perfect deliv- 
ery to the braider or twister. 

This system of winding on cheap paper tubes does away 
with the expensive wooden braider bobbins. An improved 
braider carrier is made especially for this style of cop, which, 
by its construction, will allow of an increase of speed of 20$ 
to 40$. 

No. 13 Multiple Machine. — This is simply a modification 
of the No. 5 Machine, so arranged that each spindle draws 
from six ends or less ; the construction of the machine in- 
sures the yarn's being wound in a perfectly flat band from 
start to Qnish. 



!95 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Universal Winders, Continued* 



Production Table* 

(in lbs. per day of JO hours.) 



Number of 


Pounds 


Number of 


Pounds 


Yarns. 


per Spindle. 


Yarns. 


per bpindle. 


6 


3°-° 


3i 


64 


7 


25-7 


32 


6.2 


8 


22.5 


33 


6.0 


9 


20.0 


34 


5-8 


TO 


19.0 


35 


5-7 


II 


l8.I 


36 


5-5 


12 


16.6 


37 


5-4 


13 


15-3 


38 


5-2 


14 


14 2 


39 


5-1 


'5 


13-3 


40 


5-o 


16 


12.5 


4i 


4.8 


17 


11.7 


42 


4-7 


18 


11. 1 


43 


4.6 


19 


10.5 


44 


4-5 


20 


10.0 


45 


44 


21 


9-5 


46 


4-3 


22 


9 


47 


4.2 


23 


8.7 


48 


4.1 


24 


8-3 


49 


4.0 


25 


8.0 


50 


3-9 


26 


7-7 


60 


3-3 


27 


7-4 


70 


2.8 


28 


7-i 


80 


2-5 


29 


6.9 


90 


2.2 


30 


6.6 


100 


2.0 



The above table is for single yarns ; for 2-ply yarns, the production will be 
about twice that given in the tables, less I2)i% additional for stoppages ; for 
3-ply yarns, multiply the production by three, and allow 10% additional for 
stoppages, etc. 



I96 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Universal Winders, Continued. 




|i-e?-M-J->l<-E8-+<tf-»( 



197 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Universal Winders, Continued. 



AlNSHAFT- 



WITH A 10" DIAM. PULLEY [[ ° 
RUNNING AT 4-25 REV.PER 
MIN. THE WINDING MACHINE 
WILL RUN AT 1000 REV.PER 
MIN. 




DRIVEN FROM ABOVE. 
NO. 5 UNIVERSAL WINDING MACHINE. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART ¥. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Universal Winders, Concluded* 




DRIVEN FROM BELOW. 
NO. 5 UNIVERSAL WINDING MACHINE. 



199 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



FOSTER WINDERS, 

(To wind either cones or parallel tubes. 




Their New " 1900" Machine is the latest improved Drum 
Winder on the market, as well as the fastest running. It 
gives the greatest production per operator and best shaped 
cones. Its greatest advantage over the older types of Drum 
Winders is that no oil or dirt can possibly get on the yarn, 
yet the cylinders can be easily and thoroughly lubricated ; 
the tension and speed are more even, and less power is re- 
quired to drive it. 

The construction of the machine is such that the cylinders 
are covered and it is impossible for any oil or dirt to come in 
contact with the roll on which the yarn rests while being 
wound. 

These shell rolls are made of hard wood and will need no 
covering, thus saving a large expense over the old style, 
which were covered with leather. 

The rolls are strung on a shaft connected with the driving 
end of the machine and independent of the drums, so all that 
is required of the roll is to drive the cone, and the yarn has 
no contact with the cylinder. 

By this new device we hot only get more production with 
the same revolution of the cylinder as before, but a more 
compact body of yarn, thus enabling more yarn to be shipped 
in the same space. 

The Stop Motion acts automatically when a thread breaks 
or runs out ; the yarn body is raised from the roll just enough 
to clear it. The end can be easily found by the operator. 

Machines made in lengths of 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 Spindles. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Foster Winders, Continued. 




Metallic Tension and Slug Catcher. 

The above cuts illustrate a more satisfactory arrangement 
than a cloth tension. No. 2 is a yarn scraper and slug 
catcher. No. 3 is an automatic adjustable piece which gives 
an even tension regardless of variable speeds of the thread 
when winding. The speed of the thread determines the 
amount of frictional surface overcome; when thread runs 
faster, less surface is offered, and when thread runs slower, 
more surface is offered. Any desired tension can be made 
by adding or removing machine weights No. 4. A much 
finer adjustment can be made by tipping casting No. 1, 
thereby getting more or less direct pressure from weights. 



Gear Table* 

Showing Proper Size Gear for Different Speeds per Minute. 



Number of Teeth 
in Gear. 


Theoretical Production in 
feet per Minute. 


Actual feet per Minute, 

with 25% allowance 

for stoppages. 


22 
24 
26 
2S 


685 
610 
543 
482 


514 
458 
408 
365 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Foster Winders, Continued. 



o 



13 
pq 


tn 

S s 

u crj 
Ah 

.a — 

g-a 

•7 B 

<N O 






"3 

a, 

'u 
3 


-o 
1) 
<u 
a 
if) 


500 Revolu- 
tions per 
minute for 
all frames. 




s v-, 

■ HtHHH 


li 

S 

C3 

5 


.c d E 

1- 03 






5 E 

^£ 

o 


8s 8 

u >-. ca 

CO 






c 


a 
C 


O 0) 0\ <N CO 


a) 


M CO IOCO O 
-*■ co N 1-1 m 






o 

u 

V 

.c 
E 

3 


a; 
8£ 

T3 I-, 

fts- 
ft 


OOOOO 
OCOVO -^-N 




ft 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Foster Winders, Concluded. 



Production Table, 

(in lbs, per day of 10 hours.) 



Number of 


Pounds per 


Number of 


Pounds per 


Yarn. 


Spindle. 


Yarn. 


Spindle. 


6 


20.3 


31 


39 


7 


17.4 


32 


3-8 


S 


15.2 


33 


3-7 


9 


13.6 


34 


3-5 


10 


12.2 


35 


3-4 


ii 


11. 


36 


3-3 


12 


10.1 


37 


3-2 


13 


9-4 


3S 


3-i 


H 


8.7 


39 


3-i 


15 


S.i 


40 


3-0 


16 


7.6 


41 


2-9 


17 


7-i 


42 


2.8 


18 


6.7 


43 


2.8 


19 


6.3 


44 


2.7 


20 


6.0 


45 


2.6 


21 


5-7 


46 


2.6 


22 


5-4 


47 


2-5 


23 


5-2 


48 


2-5 


24 


5-0 


49 


24 


25 


4-9 


50 


2.4 


26 


4-7 


60 


1-9 


27 


4-5 


70 


1.6 


28 


4-3 


80 


1.4 


29 


4.2 


90 


1.2 


3° 


4.0 


100 


1.1 



Calculated on a basis of 685 feet per minute, with 255S allowance for stop- 
pages, etc. 

The above table is for one end ; if it is desired to double 
and wind two ends at one time, the production will be about 
twice that given in the tables, less 15$ for stoppages ; for 
three ends, multiply the production by three, and allow 25$ 
for stoppages, etc. 

While 6S5' per minute is the standard speed (or 514' per 
minute net, allowing 25$ for stoppages, etc.), still for very 
tender yarn and under special conditions it is desirable to 
run at slower speeds. The gear table on page 201 will show 
the speeds that correspond to the different size gears. 



203 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



FRANKLIN BALL WINDERS. 




These machines are seldom used, but the following infor- 
mation will be found convenient : 

These winders are for oalling thread, twine, knitting cot- 
ton, etc. They are built with geared flyers unless otherwise 
ordered, and are of three standard sizes : 9, 12 and 16 spindles 
each in length, and of 5", 6", 7" and 8" gauges. 

The standard ball winder is 7" gauge ; the size of the ball 
is regulated by the gauge, being about i\" less in diameter 
than the width of the gauge. Balls, however, may be made 
as small as desired on any gauge, as the diameter and shape 
of the ball are determined entirely by the cam, different balls 
demanding different cams. 

The pulleys are tight and loose, and the speed recom- 
mended in starting up a machine is 200 revolutions per min- 
ute : by experimenting, however, this speed can be increased 
very considerably, depending upon the conditions. Upon 
different classes of work, these machines vary from j6o to 
450 revolutions per minute. 

As to production it is out of the question to do any more 
than give the roughest approximation, as it depends upon 
the size of the ball, the character of the yarn, the speed and 
the attendance. 

In general, — The normal production under ordinary 
conditions is, say 60 lbs. per spindle in 10 hours on No. 1 
yarn, or about 30 lbs. on No. 2 yarn. From this it can be 
figured for any number of yarn. This production may be 
increased by winding from large spools, iticreased tension, 
forced speed, etc. 



204 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Franklin Winders, Concluded. 



be 

S 





,_ 








5J «j 






. 3 




























US 






a ' 




tfl 


.fi . 










cu 


"0 O 




"3 
On 


r; of 






■ 






D 












a) 






g 






of 












a 
























\ 


^Ci** 






CO 


CO CO ■* 




\ \ \ 










<u 








s 






w CO 


rt 
















fe 


u 






c 


be 
3 

nf 










J3 


O 




V V V 










bfl 








1) 




^0 


N CO CO 

1 1 1 


J 






*o r-~ cr\ 








V N V 






\ 


^ _~ M 






in 


m x ■■*■ 
v' v 1 J 

l/l^O CO 








•5S 


-> V \ 




"O of 


rOfOco 










£fc 


"rococo 















•sai 


puidg jo 


0\<N »0 


a 


aquin^, 


[ 





205 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Long Chain Quilling Machine, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works. 




In preparing yarn for colored goods, the advantages gained 
by the chain system of dyeing, over the skein, are so many, 
both in the line of economy as well as in the better quality 
of the yarn produced, it is evident that some good method 
whereby the yarn which has already been dyed or bleached 
in the chain could be directly put on to quills or bobbins 
ready for weaving, must present itself favorably to the atten- 
tion of all manufacturers of colored goods. 

To accomplish this, the machine shown in the accompany- 
ing cut has been constructed. The chain of yarn, that comes 
to the machine from the dry cans or dry room, is placed on a 
turn table and passed over friction drums, same as in ordi- 
nary chain beaming, the whole operation being similar to 
beaming. 

The machine is very simple, and easily operated by girls. 
Any ordinary size quill or bobbin can be used ; those gener- 
ally used contain 1800 yards of No. 28 yarn and 2000 yards 
of No. 33 yarn. 



206 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Quillers, Continued. 



The building motion on the machine has a quick return 
which securely binds the yarn on to the quill, thereby form- 
ing a very solid and compact bobbin. " Lapped ends " can- 
not be made, consequently bobbins will weave from start to 
finish without break of yarn, and also without leaving any 
waste on bobbin. 

The yarn does not come in contact with any friction, thus 
burnishing and burning or changing of color is prevented, 
which is a cause of so much complaint on the old method of 
quilling, colors being left bright and clear as originally dyed. 

Capacity of the machine is about the same as ordinary 
chain beaming. 

Shipper motion is operated by the foot of the operator, 
leaving both hands free. Machine is also provided with a 
"slow motion." Each machine has 378 spindles. Method 
of doffing same as on mules, yarn being depressed below bot- 
tom of quill or bobbin and then wound on bare spindle. 
Time consumed doffing and starting new set of bobbins, 
eight to ten minutes. Two machines can be placed in one 
eight foot bay of a mill. Pulleys are \o" dia., using a 1" 
belt. Speed, 320 revolutions per minute 

Floor Space : — Length outside of driving pulleys, io'-io" 
x4' width. 

We claim the following as being among the many advan- 
tages gained by the use of this machine : 

First. — The putting of the yarn on to quills or bobbins di- 
rect from chain, or, in other words, from chain to quill or 
bobbin ready for weaving without any intermediate process. 

Second. — The greatly increased amount of yarn put on to 
quill or bobbin, the avoidance of lapped ends, and the in- 
creased product per loom gained thereby : the avoidance of 
burnt and burnished yarn, whereby the strength as well as 
the original brightness and clearness of the yarn is fully 
maintained. 



207 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Quillers, Continued. 

Third. — Goods look brighter and better. Second quality 
is largely reduced because of absence of mixed shades of 
color. 

Fourth. — A great saving in waste is effected, and a very 
material reduction in cost is made. 

The following table is composed of actual results reported 
to us from mills using our machines. It must be borne in 
mind, however, that the production varies according to the 
efficiency of the help, and the nature of the yarn, whether 
printed or dyed, hard or soft twisted, and length of chain. 
We recommend using chains 9,000 yards long. It is believed, 
under favorable conditions, most of these figures can be ex- 
celled. 



TABLE OF PRODUCTION. 



No. Spindles. 


No. of Yarn. 


No 


Lbs. 


Quilling per Day of 10 Hours 


378 


12X 






316 


378 


14% 






172 


378 


18 






150 to 200 


378 


25 






133 to 151 


378 


£6 






125 to 150 


378 


28 






125 


378 


29 






98 


378 


33X 






114 


378 


50 






58 



208 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Quillers, Concluded. 




209 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



ENTWISTLE WARPING MACHINERY. 




Slasher Warper. 



These well known machines require but little explanation, 
but attention is called to the following points : 

Cylinders. — These are made of cast iron 18" or 20" diameter, 
and 54 // long. If it is desired to remove the steel shaft for 
any purpose it can be done. 

Stop Motion.— This is very sensitive. It stops the machine in- 
stantly on the breaking of a thread. Besides the stop motion 
there is a slack thread wire which prevents the drop wires 
from falling down and stopping the machine when the threads 
are not broken ; also a drop roll that takes care of the slack 
of the spools in the action of the warper stopping. The stop 
motion is connected with me asuring clock which stops the 
warper at the desired length of warp. 

Slow Motion. — The object of a slow motion is to start the 
machine easily and to bring the threads to an even tension 
before arriving at full speed, thus avoiding breaking of 
thread or yarn. 

All gears in this slow motion are cut gears, which makes 
the running of the motion easy and noiseless. It is impossi- 
ble for the slow motion bracket to get out of line as it is a 
one piece bracket, thus avoiding all tight bearings. We 
claim it is the best ever applied to a warper. 

Drop Wires. — These are placed on slotted shaft over 
which is fitted a shield to hold them in place and also to 
prevent the hinge of drop wire from filling with lint. If it is 
desired to reduce the number of wires this can be done by 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Warpers, Continued. 

slipping wires along the aforesaid slotted shaft. We arrange 
these wires for 750 threads or less on two or three rows. 
The drop wire holder is in sections which allows the wires 
to set more evenly than single wires do. 

Lifter Motion. — The function of this motion is to raise the 
drop wires up in line with the others after an end breaks and 
the machine is stopped, so the operator can easily rethread 
them. 

Creel. — The creel used in connection with these Warpers 
is V-shaped ; wood work made of white wood, stained 
cherry and fitted with iron, porcelain, or glass steps. For 
ordinary use the iron steps are recommended but for fine 
work the porcelain or glass steps are recommended. 

Warper Beams — These are furnished in all the standard 
sizes. Heads from 20 to 27 inches in diameter, made of cast 
iron, turned and faced on the inside, with groove in top for 
friction rope. The barrels are made of wood ; they are nine 
inches in diameter and 54 inches long between heads. The 
shafts in these beams are made of machinery steel i^ inches 
in diameter. 

Expansion Comb. — The old style of comb made by Entwistle 




and other people, as illustrated above, was simply two strips 
of white wood moulding stained cherry. The dents are 
inserted in a spring which is fastened between the two 
pieces of moulding by screws ; a right hand and a left hand 
screw regulating the expansion of the comb. 

Improved Expansion Comb — The expansion comb or reed for 
warpers was invented nearly sixty years ago, and since that 
time many improvements have been made in it to increase 
the convenience in handling and the uniformity with which 
the threads are spread across the beams. The success of the 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Warpers, Continued. 



fabric depends in a great measure upon the uniformity of 
the warping, and a reed expanded irregularly is sure to 
cause trouble by subjecting part of the warp to increased 
tension, thereby making bad work in weaving and conse- 
quent imperfections in the finished goods. One of the chief 
causes of this irregularity is the dust or fly working its way 
into the comb boxes and clogging the wires so as to prevent 
their moving easily when expanding or contracting. A sit is 
obviously impossible to construct a reed box so tight that 
flyings can not get inside, the new improved reed or ex- 
panding comb shown on bottom of the preceding page, 
is built in an open iron frame work, leaving the springs 
and working parts exposed so that they may be readily 
cleaned. As the threads coming from the creel pass over 
the iron frame work of the reed, there is no necessity for 
either brass or glass rods such as are used to protect the 
wood work of the ordinary reed. 

Several improvements have been made in the method of 
adjusting the reed when operated by a tape. Formerly the 
operator loosened the set screw with one hand, and then with 
the other hand wound up the end of the tape by means of a 
wheel ; if during this operation he happened to lose his hold 
of the hand wheel, the spring would jerk the reed in, break- 
ing the ends which are held by the stop motion. This diffi- 
culty has now been entirely obviated and the adjustment 
made easier by the rachet wheel also shown in cut. 

A change has also been made in connection of the tape 
with the reed ; on the new reed the tape runs straight from 
where it is attached to the spring to the roller on which it is 
wound, instead of having the quarter turn in it, as hereto- 
fore. Another improvement is the adjustment of the guide 
wire where it is raised from its usual position at the bottom 
of the reed wires and placed between the two springs ; it 
thus serves to keep the spring apart and at the same time 
to stiffen the reed. 

Leese Warpers* 



The purpose of this machine is to take spooled yarn and 
put it on what is termed a " ball," which is a very conven- 
ient form for dyeing. It can be arranged for 810 threads or 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 




Leese Warpers. 

(Long or Short Chain Warping Machines.) 

less. These machines may be arranged in either one of three 
different ways : 

(i). With the pedestal between the bailer and the warper. 

(2). With the bailer between the pedestal and the warper. 

(3). The pedestal is done away with, the yarn passing 
through an overhead guide and back to the bailer. 

Of course, the first, or tandem, arrangement requires more 
floor space ; the second arrangement is the one usually 
adopted, and the one shown in diagram of floor space ; the 
third arrangement is not quite so convenient as either one 
of the other two, but it occupies even less room than the 
second arrangement. 

The balling machine is made in two widths, to make balls 
30" and 36" long ; any length desired less than 3o // can be 
arranged for by making the traverse of the trumpet screw 
the desired length. 

Double or triple trumpet screws can be furnished with 
bailer so that one, two or three balls can be made at the same 
time, if so desired. 

Leeses can be taken whenever desired by raising a lever 
which separates the threads. One tooth is a yard on the cut 
gear, and four teeth is a cut on the leese gear. For instance, 
if you want fifty yard cuts, ten cuts in a leese, you use a fifty 
tooth cut gear and a forty tooth leese gear. 

The gears on both the bailer and the warper are covered 
with bonnets which are easily removed for cleaning pur- 
poses. 

This warper can be arranged so as to make either beam or 
ball warps by simply removing the bailer and putting in a 
cylinder. 



213 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Warpers, Continued. 



w 
u 
t> 
Ou 

u 

u 

3 

p 
a 

c 

*— I 

o 

o 

a. 

00 





s« 


■ 






•a 


>,«« 




J3 


o^§ 


o o io iO 
N IO00 w 






. 5? tl 


be— ~ 






£° 








U.QJ3 

u.5 


•a 




•C A. 


j3 V 










e 


"o ° 


<O^NO 




° c 






a-- 






P 










c 






u 






nt 






JYO-tf 








o 


2 s 


Q\ N O N 


V 


S « 




S 


"53 °.S 




2 
■3 

a 


£ 




■o 






rt 




10 


« « 




. V 


a a* 




8" 




* 


Us 


«^*« 


w^ 


He 




"3 


P 








Wi 






rt 






XI 






J3 


tfl V 




£ 


H.S 






"o 




c 


U C 


VO \ooo o 


M 




' 1 f l°f 


> 




1 


a 






2T4 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Warpers, Continued. 



Production Table for Warpers. 

(Given in pounds per day of JO hours per J00 ends.) 
33K$ allowance for stoppages. 
<fo should be allowed for colored work.) 



Calculated for 18 inch cylinders. 

36 Revolutions per minute of cylinder. 

180 Revolutions per minute of pulleys. 



Number of 


Pounds 


Number of 


Pounds 


Number of 


Pounds 


Yarn. 


Warped. 


Yarn. 


Warped. 


Yarn. 


Warped. 


4 


673 


23 


117 


42 


65 


5 


538 


24 


112 


43 


64 


6 


448 


25 


107 


44 


62 


7 


384 


26 


103 


45 


61 


8 


336 


27 


99 


46 


59 


9 


299 


28 


96 


47 


58 


10 


269 


29 


92 


48 


57 


11 


244 


3° 


89 


49 


56 


12 


224 


31 


86 


50 


54 


13 


207 


32 


84 


5i 


53 


14 


192 


33 


81 


52 


52 


15 


179 


34 


79 


53 


51 


16 


168 


35 


76 


54 


50 


17 


158 


36 


74 


55 


49 


18 


149 


37 


72 


56 


48 


19 


141 


38 


70 


57 


48 


20 


134 


39 


69 


• 58 


47 


21 


128 


40 


67 


59 


45 


22 


122 


4i 


65 


60 


44 



Rule :— Multiply the figures given in the tables by the number of ends in 
the creel and divide the result by 100. 

Example : — Required the number of pounds of number 20 yarn warped pei 
day of 10 hours, 400 ends in the creel. 

134 X 4°o -s- 100 = 536 lbs. 



215 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Warpers, Continued* 




Pulleys. — h" diameter by 2" face, T. and L., 180 revolutions 
per minute. n" diameter by \" face, slow motion pulley. 



216 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Warpers, Concluded* 




Pulleys: — n" diameter by i" face, T. and L,., 180 revolutions 
per minute. \\" diameter by i" face, slow motion pulley. 



217 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



ENTWISTLE BEAMERS. 




For Long or Short Chain Work. For Single or Double Chains. 

The purpose for which this machine is used is to beam 
yarn from dyed chain warps on to warper beams before siz- 
ing the yarn. Two combs are used in this machine, one is 
an expansion comb, and the other is a swing comb. The 
Chain Warp enters on to the tension end of the beamer 
which holds the yarn taut as it goes to the swing comb. The 
swing comb frees the yarn of all snarls before it goes into 
the expansion comb which lays the yarn evenly on the beam, 
thus giving a perfect beam. 

The machine has four changes of speed so as to reduce the 
speed of yarn as the beam fills. 

The production of beamers depends very largely on how 
the yarn is handled in the dye house, not to mention the skill 
of the operator. Of course, there is no creeling to be done, 
the ends simply being laid in the comb or reerl ; therefore, a 
beamer should do about 25$ more than a slasher warper, un- 
der the same conditions. 



218 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Entwistle Beamers, Concluded. 







-FLAN 




Ml 



Pulleys: — 18" diameter by 3" face, 60 revolutions per min- 
ute. 



2rq 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

SLASHERS, TAPE DRESSING MACHINES, 
AND SIZING MACHINERY, 

Built by 

The Textile-Finishing Machinery Co, 



Cylinder Slashers. 




(The above cut illustrates the old way of building a slasher, with contin- 
uous frame.) 

The absorption of The Thomas Phillips Company by The 
Textile-Finishing Machinery Company carried with it, of 
course, the well-known Phillips Slashers. After a careful 
study of the two or three other makes of slashers on the 
market, the new Company completely redesigned their ma- 
chine so that it now embodies as far as possible the best 
features of the other machines together with its own improve- 
ments. 

These machines are built with either one or two copper 
cylinders, made of Lake Superior Copper, weighing three 
pounds to the square foot (practically No. 16 Stubbs wire 
gauge). The cylinders stand clear of the floor, and are fur- 
nished with steam trap, steam pressure regulator, steam 
gauge, and steam safety valve. No solder is used in the con- 
struction of the cylinders, and they are warranted sound, 
tight, and safe under excessive pressure ; they are designed 
to work at fifteen pounds pressure, but are tested to thirty 
pounds. The copper is turned down on the cylinder so that 
the bolts that hold the ring and steel head go through the 
copper ; they are furnished with one-quarter inch steel plate 
heads thoroughly braced with stay rods and provided with 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



central shaft. The copper shell is braced to prevent collapse 
by 3" x 3" tee iron rings. 

The "spiral scoop" is used to remove condensed water ; 
this is the most efficient device known to the trade for 
handling the condensation from dry cylinders running at 
any speed however slow or fast. The importance of keeping 
the cylinder clear of water is apparent ; for full information 
concerning this device, see description under head of 
"Dyeing and Special Finishing Machinery," in Vol. III. 
In the latest improved slasher the frame is built sectional 
instead of continuous : the four sections are, — the head 
section, cylinder section, size box section, and creel frame 
section. This arrangement admits of a machine's being set 
up without difficulty where floors are uneven ; it also does 
away with the necessity for tearing down the entire frame 
to make repairs. 

The head section is furnished with improved friction wind, 
nine inch diameter tension roll with two pressure rolls run- 
ning on top of same ; the tension roll is geared directly by 
a side shaft to nine-inch diameter size rolls in the size box. 
The head section is built either with improved slow motion 
and friction wind or with cones and friction wind or with 
positive drive. The measuring roll is made of heavy pattern 
of brass eighteen inches in circumference, or one-half yard. 
The cut indicator is connected directly to the measuring 
roll and extra gears are furnished so that cuts of any length 
can be indicated. 

The cylinder section is provided with our improved anti-fric- 
tion bearings for the cylinders, which bearings are furnished 
with the ordinary rolls or with the special construction for 
steel roll and ball bearings. 

The size box section is furnished with size box made 
entirely of copper. This box is shaped rounding on bottom 
made strong and durable. An iron box of similar shape 
can be furnished if desired. The size box is provided with 
one or two nine-inch diameter copper size rolls running in 
bronze bushed bearings located on the outside of the box 
and driven direct from head of section. Also one five-inch 
brass immersion roll lifted by rack at either side. 

Machines are furnished with two size boxes, each contain- 
ing one single size roll for colored work, if desired. Improved 
seamless electro deposited copper size rolls are furnished on 
all machines. These rolls are seamless, the heads being 
covered with copper. They are a vast improvement over 
rolls of any other style, and are guaranteed to outlast 
by many years the old style of brazed sheet copper rolls. 

The creel section is usually made horizontal and to 
accommodate as many beams as desired. When required, 
an upright creel section is furnished, which takes up less 
room. The machine is built to drive overhead or from 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M. Co/s Slashers, Continued. 




(The above cut shows the head, cylinder and size box sections of the latest 
improved type of slashers built with sectional frames.) 

pulley on either side. All wearing parts can be oiled with- 
out oil getting into size or on to yarn. Cut marker is put on 
between the size box and the cylinder to prevent its marking 
off on the warper beams. All rolls throughout the machine 
are made of seamless drawn brass tubing instead of the old- 
fashiond tin rolls formerly provided. 

The Standard Cylinder Slasher is equipped with two copper 
cylinders, 5' and 7' diameter respectively by 5' face, complete, 
with single headway, friction wind, slow motion, tension 
rollers, side shaft and pressure roll, steam trap, reducing and 
vacuum valves, steam gauge, single size box copper lined, 
two copper size rolls, and squeeze rolls, and one immersion 
roller, and creel for eight back beams. 

Extras and Feasible Changes. — Any desired variations from this 
standard will be made ; such as different sizes of cylinders, 
double size boxes, etc. 

The size box section can be furnished with double jacketed 
size box, which enables the size to be heated and kept hot 
without introducing hot water into the size, thus weakening 
the consistency of same. 

A double headway for dressing two beams at the same 
time, especially adapted for fine work and print cloth goods; 
machines so equipped will dress about fifty per cent, more 
goods than single machines. These headways can be applied 
to machines now in use, having only single headways. 

The head section is furnished with an improved friction 
wind, sometimes called the Pacific Wind, which allows the 
beams to be wound of even tension. This is accomplished 
by levers and weights which give positive adjustment. The 
cylinders can be furnished with asbestos or magnesia 
covered heads, which prevent loss of heat from radiation. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M. Co/s Slashers, Continued, 



Also a brush section to brush the yarn between the size 
box and the drying cylinders. This is used more especially 
in the sizing of fine warps ; the brush lays the fiber of the 
thread all one way, thereby greatly improving the weaving. 
The brush frame is furnished with one or two sets of 
brushes, as desired, each 12 inches in diameter and provided 
with small cleaner brushes driven direct from side shaft. 

Roller bearings are furnished for the cylinders when re- 
quired. 

An extra draw roll attachment can be furnished on the cyl- 
inder section, which allows the yarn to come in contact with 
almost the entire surface of both cylinders, thus increasing 
the drying capacity full twenty per cent. 

The McCarthy friction drive can be furnished for the cyl- 
inder section, which will enable the cylinders to be turned 
without tension of the yarn. This arrangement is connected 
direct from side shaft. It is provided with friction attach- 
ments to regulate perfectly the speed of the cylinder to 
accommodate the sets required to be dressed. In making up 
sets for weaving, experience has proven that the ordinary 
arrangement of slasher can do good work to a certain limit. 
When that limit is reached, especially with sets having a 
small number of ends and with light yarn, it becomes neces- 
sary to use some such arrangement to do satisfactory work at 
a certain and constant speed. It can be readily attached to 
any slasher, and requires but little outlay. Its importance 
can be readily understood by those having experience with 
light warps or a small number of ends. 

Sizes of Cylinders. 

Slashers are built with the following sizes of cylinders : 
2-Cylinders 5' and 7' diam. respectively by 60" face. 
2-Cylinders 4' and 7' diam. respectively by 60'' face. 
2-Cylinders 5' and 6' diam. respectively by 60" face. 
2-Cylinders 4/ and 6" diam. respectively by 60" face. 
i-Cylinder 7' diam. by 60" face. 
i-Cylinder 6" diam. by 60" face. 
Kxtra widths of face built to order. 

Slasher Ventilating Outfits.— See Volume III., under the head 
of " Mill Architecture and Engineering." 



223 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M. Co/s Slashers, Continued. 

Technical Data. 

Production. — The production of a slasher varies greatly with 
the number and quality of the yarn and the number of ends 
of warp ; generally speaking, however, one standard machine 
will size the warp for a weave mill on standard sheetings of 
5,000 to 7,000 spindles and on finer grades of cloth up to 
10,000 spindles. 

The driving pulley is 16" in diameter by 8" face, and makes 
200 revolutions per minute. 

The sizes of pipe connections required are as follows : 

Main steam pipe ife" diameter. 

Outlet from trap 1%." diameter. 

Steam supply pipe for size box "$" '. 

There is no steam outlet from the size box. 

Outlet for drawing off the size is 1"; a brass bib is supplied 
for this. 

Outlet from size tank is tapped for a 2" iron pipe. 

Creels made to take more than eight sectional warper 
beams, if desired. 

Machines are built either right or left hand, and to drive 
from either overhead or below. 



Diagrams of Sections. 

(For Floor Plan see page 227.) 




Cylinder Section. 



224 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 




Head Section. 




Double Size Box Section. 




Creel Frame Section. 



225 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M. Co.'s Size Kettles. 




«^% 



For properly mixing and boiling the size used for dressing 
warps, a size kettle is necessary. 

These size kettles are usually of cast iron, made with hol- 
low upright shaft and hollow horizontal stirrers. Both are 
perforated with small holes through which steam is forced 
to all parts of the kettle. 

The steam is supplied through center shaft, the heat being 
distributed uniformly throughout the kettle, thus boiling all 
contents evenly. 

The boiling can be done in one-half the time and one-half 
the expense necessary in any other arrangement now in use. 
The upright shaft is made of cast iron, the stirrers of brass 
tubing. 

Made in the following sizes : 
160 gallons capacity, 
200 gallons capacity, 
250 gallons capacity. 

Driving Pulley, tight and loose, 8 inches diameter x 3 inch 
face. 

Speed, 100 revolutions per minute. 

Copper kettles can be furnished when desired. 

Rotary Force Pumps, 

(For Hot Size.) 

These pumps are made with outside gearing and balance 
wheel if desired. 

Overhead Tramway, 

(With Differential Pulleys.) 

These are for handling the section beams over the creels to 
the slasher, and are usually sixteen to twenty feet long. The 
pulley block travels on a specially designed carriage. 



226 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M. Co.'s Slashers, Concluded. 



63? 




B5i- 



-7U" 



BO 






227 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M. Company's Tape Dressing Machine. 

(For Dressing Warps.) 

The cuts on the opposite page represents the improved 
tape dressing machine, designed especially for dressing 
warps for tickings, ginghams, and all pattern work when it 
is desirable to use a leese reed at size box. It takes the place 
of what is known to the trade as the " Scotch Tape Dresser." 

The head section is similar to that of the slasher, provided 
cone improved friction wind for loom beam, slow motion, 
with driving to regulate speed, measuring roll, cut indicator, 
etc. 

The cylinder section is provided usually with one 6 ft. diame- 
ter cylinder by 60 inch face, although when desired cylinders 
are furnished one 7 ft. or one 5 ft., or pairs of 7 and 5 ft. cyl- 
inders, or 7 and 4 ft. cylinders, or 6 and 4 ft. cylinders, all 
cylinders provided with spiral scoops, steam trap, pressure 
regulator, steam gauge, and safety valve. 

When desired the McCarthy patent friction drive is fur- 
nished for cylinders. See page 223. This is adjustable in 
operation and can be so run as to produce no strain what- 
ever on warp. 

The frame is furnished with Phillips patent anti-friction 
bearings or ball bearings, as desired, same as slasher machine. 

The Brush frame is furnished with one or two sets of 
brushes, as desired, brushes 12 inches diameter, and provided 
with small cleaner brushes both driven from side shaft. 

The size box section is furnished with one double size box, 
with two nine inch copper size rolls and one copper immer- 
sion roll and Phillips all copper size box or cast iron box. Or, 
two single size boxes for colored work with one 9 inch copper 
size roll and one copper immersion roll in each. 

Adjustable brackets are furnished for attaching leese reed. 
The leese reed is not furnished unless specially ordered, as 
parties often prefer to select their own design. 

The beam creel or rack is furnished to take as many beams 
as desired It is mounted on wheels and can be moved to 
any desired position to accommodate the pattern. The ma- 
chine is simple and easily operated. 

Should occasion demand, this machine can easily be turned 
into a convenient slasher for small mills. 

Pulleys, \2)/ z inch x 3 inch. 

Speed, 300 revolutions per minute. 



Extras: 

McCarthy patent friction drive. (See page 223.) 

Pacific Wind. 

Magnesia covered cylinder heads. 

Roller or ball bearings, as desired. 



228 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Textile F. M* Co/s Tape Dressing 
Machines, Concluded. 



Diagram and Floor Plans. 




Tape Dresser, with Two Single Size Boxes, For Colored Work. 



ShI'i .-£ r 







_ 


n 

J 







i u 




Tape Dresser, with Single Size Box, and with Brush Attachment. 



229 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



DRAWING-IN FRAMES. 




These are made of any size desired, but the standard 
frames are : 

Height over all, - - - 55 inches. 
Width for longest beam, 54 inches. 
Overhang, ...... 12^ inches. 

They are, of course, adjustable so as to take in narrower 
beams. 

The beams are put on the frames, the warp threads lead 
over the top rail, and drawn through the eyes of the har- 
nesses which hang suspended below; after which the threads 
are drawn into the reeds. 

Automatic drawing-iri frames have failed so far, owing to 
the difficulty of getting harnesses in which the eyes are per- 
fectly aligned and all hang at the same angle. 



230 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



LOOMS, 

Manufactured by 

The Whitin Machine Works. 




New Heavy Pattern Loom. 

(Designed for Standard Sheetings and Shirtings.) 

The sides and arch of this loom are made very heavy in 
order to stand the high speed of running demanded, and the 
extra strain thereby induced. On account of this extra 
weight it will be found to be an excellent machine for stand- 
ard goods where a large production is required. It has the 
ordinary cam harness motion, and by the use of a short auxil- 
iary cam-shaft, geared to the main cam-shaft, can be readily 
and quickly changed to two, three, four, five or six leaf work 
as needed, the cams being made in sets that are interchange- 
able with each other to further facilitate this arrangement. 
Weavers who have been called upon to make changes in twill 
work can appreciate the advantages of this construction. 
The cam-shaft proper is not disturbed in the least, the neces- 
sary change gears being put on when loom is set up, thus do- 
ing away with all trouble of resetting pick cams, eccentric, 
cam-shaft boxes, etc. The cams themselves have been en- 



231 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



tirely remodeled, so as to give the easiest harness motion 
possible. When desired the loom is made with an adjustable 
arch, by means of which extra harness space may be ob- 
tained. This loom is usually built -to "protect" from the 
breast beam but will, if so ordered, be built to "protect" 
at the side in which case the swell on the shuttle box is 
placed on the back of the lathe. 

Radius of Cranks.— 2" , 2}i" , 1%." i 2i A" ■> Z" • Side shaft 
tappet ball shuttle motion. Brake on driving pulleys. Beam 
heads \i" ', 13", 14", 15", 16", 16%" and 18^" diameter. 
Cut roll stands arranged for cuts 8", 12", 16", 19" and 22" 
diameter. Improved Bartlett geared let-off motion or fric- 
tion let-off. Shuttle boxes 18" to 24" long. Friction driv- 
ing pulleys furnished if desired. Belt from above or below. 
Made to weave plain two-shade work ; also, 3, 4, 5 and 6 shade 
twill. The change pick motion is arranged so that one tooth 
in the gear stands for two picks in the cloth, i. e., 50 teeth in 
the gear give 100 picks in the cloth, etc. The gears range 
from 20 to 54 teeth, varying each one tooth. The pick mo- 
tion may be arranged to give any required number of picks 
to the inch, but where more than 108 or less than 40 picks 
are wanted, the ratio between the change pick gear and the 
number of picks in the cloth, will not be constant as above. 
The tape selvage motion may be conveniently applied. The 
high cloth-roll may be had if desired. 

Pulleys. — io // to 15" diameter, 2" face, and run from 140 to 
210 revolutions per minute. 



Note : — See Tables of Production and Floor Space. Also 
Horse Power and Car Load Lots. 



232 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued, 




New Heavy Pattern Loom* 

(With Outside Cams.) 

It will be seen from the foregoing cut that the general con- 
struction of this loom is the same as that of our regular 
heavy pattern with Ponemah Side. The chief departure 
consists in placing the harness cams and treadles on the out- 
side of the loom ; the great advantage resulting therefrom 
being in the handiness and convenience of making changes 
where they are frequently required. The loom is built to 
weave plain 2 shade work, and also 3, 4, 5 and 6 shade twill. 
When used for 3 or 4 shade twill work, there is still room 
outside of the loom for a plain selvage motion. The outside 
cams are so arranged that they come inside the end of the 
lathe, so that looms built in this way do not require extra 
floor space on this account. 



233 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 




Sateen Loom. 

(For "Weaving Sateens, Sheetings, Twills, Etc.) 

This loom is built with either the Standard or Ponemah 
sides ; the latter having 3 // more harness space permits the 
use of dobbies with a large number of harnesses. The sides 
and girts are extra heavy, thereby reducing vibrations to a 
minimum. 

The crank shaft is of large diameter and runs in boxes 
with caps which permits the removal of the shaft with little 
difficulty. 

The lathe is built in a substantial manner and is provided 
with an extra heavy reed cap, iron race plate, and shuttle 
boxes with iron or wooden backs and adjustable front swells. 

The warp beams are from 12" to 17" diameter, and are 
held in position by an improved retaining device. 



234 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



The let-off motion may be either the Bartlett or friction 
let-off or a combination of both. 

The harness motion is the same as that of the new heavy 
pattern loom. An improved top-rigged harness lifting de- 
vice and also a scroll selvage motion may be conveniently 
applied if desired. 

The take-up motion consists of a side shaft and worm, 
driving a worm ratchet gear ; by the use of this motion the 
chance of skipping a tooth in the ratchet, as is sometimes the 
case with the ordinary ratchet gear, is entirely obviated. 
The pick gearing may be arranged to give any required num- 
ber of picks per inch from 36 to 247 picks. 

The cloth-roll motion consists of a sand-roll, 4^ /V diam- 
eter, placed a short distance below the breast beam, and a 
cloth roll, held in movable bearings, pressed against the 
sand-roll by spiral springs which exert a constantly increas- 
ing pressure as the cloth roll increases in diameter. By the 
use of this motion access to the inside workings of the loom 
is easily had, and besides, wrinkling of the cloth as it is being 
wound is prevented to a great extent. A roll of cloth i3 /r in 
diameter may be wound on this arrangement. The removal 
of the roll of cloth is easily accomplished, and may be done 
while the loom is in operation, by means of a worm, a few 
turns of which depresses the cloth roll holders so that the 
pressure is removed and the roll of cloth may be taken out 
and a new one started. 

Other details same as the new heavy pattern loom. 



235 



-Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



The Wide Loom. 

(Designed for Wide Sheetings, Etc.) 

These looms are intended to take the place of the old 
Lyall loom for weaving goods from 71" to 13c/'' wide. They 
are built with a heavy side and are further strengthened with 
a middle tie. This loom has 4" more harness space than the 
old pattern loom, and much heavier sides. The crank shaft 
is provided with three cranks, radius of which is t ) // . A scroll 
pick motion with tappets is used, and has been made extra 
strong and effective. Looms are built with or without brake 
on driving pulleys. Beam heads I2 // , 13", i/\. // , 15", 16", and 
\d l /z" in diameter. The wide looms are equipped with two 
beams, and to insure even tension of the yarn as it comes off 
both beams, are usually built with a compound let-off motion. 
Shuttle boxes 10" , 22", or 24/' long. Arranged to belt from 
above or below and for plain two-shade work, or for 3, 4 or 
5 shade twill work. When used for twills, the loom is built 
with an auxiliary shaft. The change pick motion is arranged 
in the same manner as in our other looms, that is, one tooth 
in the gear stands for two picks in the cloth, etc. The gears 
range from 20 teeth to 54 teeth, varying each one tooth. 

Pulleys: — 15", 16" and vj ff in diameter, 3" face, and for 
108" loom run 90 revolutions per minute, varying corres- 
pondingly for other sizes. 



236 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 




Duck Loom. 

This loom is designed for weaving sail cloth, canvas and 
other similar goods of 9 to 18 ounces per yard. It has very 
heavy frames, and extra strength is given to the wider pat- 
terns by the addition of a sampson in the centre. An efficient 
rope friction let-off is used which in connection with a nest 
of three fixed whip rolls of large diameters result iu a uni- 
form tension of the warp and of strength sufficient to hold 
the hardest weaves. The take-up motion is of strong and 
substantial design, the take-up or sand roll being of iron 
covered with perforated steel fillet. 



237 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 




The Whitin Dobby. 

(See also Appendix, page 318c.) 

This Whitin Improved Dobby has several features which 
recommend its adoption by manufacturers of fancy cotton 
and silk goods. 

The sides are of a substantial as well as of a pleasing de- 
sign. They are rigidly connected by cross ties at the back 
and further strengthened by the hook racks bolted between 
them. 

The harness levers, connectors and hooks are of ordinary 
construction, common to dobbies of the Hattersley model, 
the two latter being of malleable iron, thus combining light- 
ness with strength. 

The hook racks are so made that both the hooks and con- 
nectors are readily removed without the necessity of taking 
the dobby apart 

The knives are connected to the rocker arms by wrought 
iron eye bars with swivel, adjustable joints whereby all back- 
lash is easily taken up. 



238 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued ♦ 



A harness leveling device is provided of a simple and effect- 
ive nature. 

The power to drive the Dobby is transmitted by gearing 
from the crank shaft of the loom. This gearing is so situ- 
ated that the danger of oil spattering on the warp is entirely 
avoided. 

We build both the single and double index Dobbies of 8, 
10, 12, 16, 20 and 25 harness capacities, and they may have 
either upright or horizontal harness levers. 

Our Dobbies can be attached to any of the various patterns 
of Whitin looms, and also to looms of other makers. Twelve 
harnesses is the capacity of our Standard Pattern Loom, 
and twenty harnesses for our Ponemah Pattern, although six- 
teen harnesses in the former and twenty-five in the latter 
may be used by a little crowding. 

Dobbies with upright harness levers are more generally 
used in preference to the horizontal lever Dobbies. The 
former is attached to the end of the loom and the latter to 
the top of the loom arch. The double index Dobby is more 
desirable for weaving long patterns, as it requires only half 
as many bars of chain as would be necessary to weave the 
same pattern on single index Dobby. 



239 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 



Table of Floor Space Required for 
The Standard Whitin Looms. 



Name 
of 


Length of Lay. 


*Width outside 
Breast Beam to out- 
side 16£" Warp 
Beam. 


Distance 
between 
Swords. 


Reed 
Space. 


Est'm'ed 
Width 

of 
Cloth. 


Loom. 


Feet. 


Inches. 


Feet. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


28in. 

30 

31 

32 

33 

34 

36 

38 

40 

42 

44 

46 

50 

54 

56 

60 

66 

70 

72 

74 

79 

80 

81 

82 

88 

90 

92 

98 

99 
100 
101 
107 
' 108 
124 


6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
6 
7 
7 
7 
7 
7 
8 
8 
8 
9 
9 
9 
10 
10 
11 
11 
11 
11 
11 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
12 
13 
13 
15 


m 

6% 

& a 

Wa 

3y a 

Ws 

l s /a 
f/s 
%i 

6% 

4 

7 



1 

2 

4 
10 



2 

8 

9 
10 
11 

6 

8 




3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 
3 


6% 
6% 
6% 

mi 

m 

63/ 

fA 

634 

634- 

«« 

63/ 

6?4 
634 

% 
% 

" 3 / 
11 3 / 
u& 

1134 

113/ 

"34 

113/ 

lit 

113/ 
H3/ 
1132 


35 

36/ 

38 

39 

40 

41 

43 

45 

47 

49 

51 

53 

57 

61/ 

ff< 

74 

78 

80 

83 

88 

89 

90 

92 

98 
100 
102 
108 
109 
110 
111 
118 
120 
136 


33/ 
35 
36/ 
37/ 
38/ 
39/ 
41/ 
43/ 
45/ 
47/ 
49/ 
51/ 
55/ 
60 
62 
66/ 
72/ 
76/ 
78/ 
82/ 
86/ 
87/ 
88/ 
90/ 
96/ 
98/ 
100/ 
106/ 
107/ 
108/ 
109/ 
116/ 
118/ 
134/ 


31.2 
32.6 
34.0 
34.9 
35.8 
36.8 
38.6 
40.5 
42.3 
44.2 
46.1 
47.9 
51.6 
55.8 
57.7 
61.8 
67.4 
71.2 
73.0 
76.7 
80.4 
81.3 
82.2 
84.1 
89.7 
91.6 
93.4 
99.0 
100.0 
100.9 
101.8 
108.3 
110.1 
125.0 



240 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



Floor Space, Continued. 

To obtain width from outside of Breast Beam to outside of 
16%^ Warp Beam of the following styles of Looms, add the 
following number of inches to the figures given on the 
preceding page : 

Wide Loom, Standard Pattern, - - 5% inches. 

Wide Loom, Dwight Pattern, - - 3^ inches. 

Heavy Pattern Loom, Ponemah Side, - 3 inches. 
Loom with outside Cams, Ponemah Side, 3 inches. 

"Dwight Special," i8'^" Beam, 19" cut Roll, i%" inches. 

Note :— The above table has for its basis our regular stand- 
ard 40" heavy pattern loom. The name of loom in the left 
hand column is so given largely for convenience, and the 
number of inches given is not intended to indicate the exact 
width of cloth, as this will vary according to quality of cot- 
ton used, number of picks, and number of yarn, etc. In the 
list above, 28" to 72" looms, inclusive, are assumed to have 
shuttle boxes 20 r 5 6 " long, which is a suitable length for 15" 
shuttles. From 72" upwards, a 22" box is used. We make 
boxes 18", 19", 20", 21", 22" and 23" long, and when variations 
are made from sizes of boxes assumed as standards above, 
there will be a corresponding variation in the length of lay. 
Looms fitted with back-swell shuttle boxes have 20" boxes. 

Floor Plans:— See next page for floor plan of plain heavy 
pattern loom. The cut accompanies the table on this and the 
preceding page. 



241 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 




r t 



242 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. & 



Whitin Looms, Continued, 



Table of Speeds, 

Recommended for Whitin Looms. 
(On Medium Weight Cloth.) 



Name 


Revolutions per 


Name 


Revolutions per 


of Loom. 


Minute. 


of Loom. 


Minute. 


28 in. 


200 to 210 


72 in. 


116 to 120 


30 


195 to 200 


74 


114 to 116 


31 


190 to 195 


79 


112 to 114 


32 


185 to 190 


80 


no to 112 


34 


180 to 185 


81 


108 to no 


36 


175 to 180 


82 


106 to 108 


38 


170 to 175 


88 


104 to 106 


40 


165 to 170 


90 


102 to 104 


42 


160 to 365 


92 


100 to 102 


44 


154 to 158 


98 


98 to 100 


46 


150 to 154 


99 


96 to 98 


50 


142 to 148 


100 


94 to 96 


54 


140 to 144 


101 


92 to 94 


56 


138 to 140 


107 


88 to 90 


60 


132 to 136 


108 


86 to 88 


66 


126 to 130 


124 


75 to 80 


70 


120 tO 124 


150 


65 to 70 



243 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 
Diagrams of Motions. 



The following pages contain diagrams illustrating common 
styles of take-up and harness motions that may be applied to 
our looms. Diagrams of other styles will be sent on appli- 
cation. 



244 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



Standard Model. 



8", 12" and 14" 

Cloth Roll 
40 to 100 Picks. 



_ 




F.=CAM SHAFT GEAR 
G=CRANKSHAFTG£AR 



A.X C.X E . X F. 
B.X D.XI4.25XG 



= PICKS PER INCH. 



Change x 1.966 = Picks. 
Picks h- 1.966 = Change. 
Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 



245 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



Standard Model. 



19" Cloth Roll 
40 to 100 Picks 




F=CAM SHAFTGEAR 
G=CRANKSHAFTGEAR 



A. X C. X E. — X_R _ P | CKS pER | N cH. 

B. X D. X I4.H5 X & 

Change x 1.966 = Picks. 
Picks ~ 1.966 = Change. 
Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 



246 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 



Old Model. 



8" to 12" Cloth 

Roll. 
24 to 98 Picks. 







14.25 x e. 

CONS T" A. N ' 



PICKS PER INCH. 



A. 


E3. 


CON. || A.. 


B. 


CON 


7 2. 


78 


78G 


84- 


78 


920 


72. 


IOO 


101 1 


64 


IOO 


1179 


72. 


lie 


1172 


84 


1 ie 


1363 



Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 
Constants- Picks = Change. 
Constants- Change = Picks. 



247 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 



Newmarket Model* 



16" Cloth Roll. 
70 to 120 Picks. 



CLO 







F=CAM SHAFT GEAR. 
G=CRANK SHAFT 



A X C X 



X D X 14.25 X G 



-= PICKS Pt'R INCH 



Change x 1.981 = Picks. 
Picks -f- 1. 981 = Change. 
Eccentric on Cam Shaft. 



248 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



i|"dia. 



c=d 



flfe 




l| DIA. 



2 Harness Motion. 




Of 



H 




2 Harness Motion with Auxiliary Shaft. 



249 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, R C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



m 





m ?n 



cftil 



3 Harness Motion. 




2§ DIA. 
/I^DIA. 



IT" 



op 

n 



3 Harness Motion with Auxiliary Shaft. 



250 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 






4 Harness Motion. 





a: 

In 



4 Harness Motion with Auxiliary Shaft. 



251 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



m 



m da. 

Ig DIA. 



, =^fI\ 






Ig DIA. 

NI'dia. 




4 



-54 



40./27 



4 Harness Motion, 2 Up and 2 Down. 



252 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 



m 




w* 



m 





i 



Harness Motion, with Auxiliary Shaft. 
2 Up and 2 Down. 



253 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 





5 Harness Motion. 



254 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 





tzXTtj 



^ 




5 Harness Motion, with Auxiliary Shaft. 



255 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 




6 Harness Motion. 



256 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 




6 Harness Motion, with Auxiliary Shaft. 



257 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 




Spring Harness Motion. 



2 Harness Motion. 
End Cam Loom. 




258 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued, 



3 Harness Motion. 
End Cam Loom. 



4 Harness Motion. 
End Cam Loom. 





259 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued. 




5 Harness Motion. 
End Cam Loom. 




6 Harness Motion. 
End Cam Loom. 



260 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 



o 

o 

-J 

G 
»>« 

-4-> 



*G 





•3 ►»■£ 

o <u o 


OtSHOON*!OOOON*(OtOO(N^!OOOOIS 

cococo-#r*<-a<^-*iiQio>mnio<c50cocac£>i— t- 




o 

CO 


Q 


q^ioooocqiq=oo^cOMcoiqoocN[>coot^ 

10«b^o6u3iH(»lC5MOodcDT)io4cOSt^«10eQ 

©0S00t-C-t-COC0C0C0101OiaiOO'*l'*''#-3<'3< 




o 
o 


co 

a 

> 


o»coo^eqc^iqot-;tccot>;0^osiOr-;o;t-; 

OCOC010rHODiric4ot^lOCOpOOOCDlC^c4rH 




in 

OS 


CO 

P 
> 


10^«HffllO!00110M«N-i;oeNt-;roOOO!0 
t^THHPJoicdcodoDCD^CNdoOt^lCTfmHd 
O5OS00t-COCOCOCO»OlOlOWia'tHTflTS<-^»tfTt<''cP 




o 

03 


CO 

P 


©rHC3MOSCO©^©oqoqaST-Hiq©»qCNOSt^Cq 
0S00t-t-CDCOC0OmiOlOO'3<^Tt<''Cf<-*-#*tfM 




113 

-JO 
1-H 


co 

P 
> 


92.5 
86.7 
77.1 
69.4 
66.0 
63.1 
60.3 
57.8 
55.5 
53.4 
51.4 
49.6 
47.8 
46.3 
44.8 
43.4 
42.0 
40.8 
39.6 
38.5 


3 


o 

00 


CO 

p 


90.0 
84.4 
75.0 
67.5 
64.3 
61.4 
58.7 
56.3 
54.0 
51.9 
50.0 
48.2 
46.6 
45.0 
43.5 
42.2 
40.9 
39.7 
38.6 
37.5 




ia 

b- 


CO 

p 
> 


87.5 
82.0 
72.9 
65.6 
62.5 
59.7 
57.1 
54.7 
52.5 
50.5 
48.6 
46.9 
45.3 
43.8 
42.3 
41.0 
39.8 
38.6 
37.5 
36.5 


co 

B 
3 


O 


CO 

p 


q^MM^qTifHqqNioqOHcoioiO'** 

lOOSOmOOOuicOrHCS^loWicNrHoiaOt^edlQ 

00 t- t- CO toioiaioio -#■*-*•*■*** CO MM CO P3 


to 


CO 

p 


iOMoo^OTM^cqiq<qoo<Nt-;eoa;t-;>a"a;-*!'3< 

C$t^COrH(>0eOMrHCSt~lOTi'<NrHOSCOt^«5lOTl! 

X't-COffllnlOlQlO't^'f^'f^MCOPSCOfOCO 


U 

o 


o 
CO 


CO 

p 
> 


OOt^OrHiqCOOO(N-!iHO>-j;Ot-;iq-*MMM 

di6ddi>'f«dod-d-*tNiHdccNa>in'*» 


^5 
B 
> 


1Q 


CO 

p 


10t^<0»H^C010^10t~;iH10TH001QeOIiJ(N(NeO 

i^N^MidNOMd^mHOooi^ioidiiriiN 

t-tr.tOlQlolQlOTPii^'f^^CCMCOWCOCOCO 


o 
in 


CO 

p 


OWlflMtOHOQOnt-CNWiaWOlHHNCO 


f* 


inoNtDnHccoiflMHomt-oifl'fm^H 

t-t-!OlQlQlfl't^1"t , *r)iC0P;co«C0«COC0 




© 


CO 

p 
>< 


otocijioot-t-oooiioia^otaoocooioffi 

O 1£) 00 CM O b- 1C M <N O 00 t- — IT? M ?1 t-i © O OS 
tr-COlOlOlOT^^t*Tji^^MMMMMMMMMC0 




O 

m 


CO 

p 
>< 


oaiNco^M^toomHoottiiaiociot-oiH 

IflO^OOtDiiCNOQt'OTfCONHOClK't'N 

(ocoiof'jiii'j'jmconnKitonnNisNN 




e 

CM 


CO 

p 
> 


OMOOOCSHOOOCOHOOOHMIOt-O 




OCDOIOCNOCSt-CO-f«MHOacOt?-COlOIO 
COlOlO^-^*^MMMMMMMMC0CNtMCMCMCN 




o 


CO 

p 
> 


0©CCMM1003'*©t-©10-S<10COOO©MCOOS 




LiHioHCit-in'fcOHCc:cot-aioiO'*co« 

IfllO^-tCOOWCOWCOCOCNCMNNCNCNNNCN 




c 


CO 

p 


q»[-;10l>;H<Omqoq(IOOOOiqN*trH*M 
ddHt>d^NiHdooVdlOlO'*KNNHd 






--B 
S.B 


©<NCD©(MTf<tO00©<N-a<:O00©(MTt<CDCG©'N 
MMMTr^-^^^iniOiaiCllOCOCOCOCOCOt-t- 



261 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Whitin Looms, Continued* 



C 

c 

6 



O 










*C0CCCffl^!0»O«T(lffiCCO«')'!D00ON 
t-t-t-00»KKX01010)0)aOOOOOHH 




c 


co 



> 


CD'i'rJ'^^lOCDOOONlOCOHlOO; Mt-N^H 




c4rHOC5oot^coicic-fco-riri^HC o <r. o> go co 

Tf*Ti<-tf<C0COCOCOC0:OC0COC0COC0COCOC^CNlCNlCM 




o 
o 

CO 


CO 

Q 


40.5 
39.5 
38.5 
37.5 
36.6 
35.7 
34.9 
34.1 
33.3 
32.6 
31.9 
31.3 
30.6 
30.0 
29.4 
28.8 
28.3 
27.8 
27.3 
26.8 






CO 

P 


39.5 
38.5 
37.5 
36.6 
35.7 
34.8 
34.0 
33.2 
32.5 
31.8 
31.1 
30.5 
29.8 
29.3 
28.7 
28.1 
27.6 
27.1 
26.6 
26.1 




o 

OS 


X 




38.5 

37.5 

36.5 

35.6 

34.8 

33.9 

33.1 

32.4 

31.7 

31.0 

30.3 

29.7 

29.1 

28.5. 

27.9 

27.4 

26.9 

26.4 

25.9 

25.4 




Id 

00 


CO 




37.5 
36.5 
35.6 
34.7 
33.8 
33.0 
32.3 
31.5 
30.8 
30.2 
29.5 
28.9 
28.3 
27.8 
27.2 
26.7 
26.2 
25.7 
25.2 
24.8 


a 
c 


o 
■f- 


CO 

p 
> 


36.5 
35.5 
34.6 
33.8 
32.9 
32.1 
31.4 
30.7 
30.0 
29.3 
28.7 
28.1 
27.6 
27.0 
26.5 
26.0 
25.5 
25.0 
24.5 
24.1 




CO 

p 


35.5 
34.5 
33.7 
32.8 
32.0 
31.3 
30.5 
29.8 
29.2 
28.5 
27.9 
27.3 
26.8 
26.3 
25.7 
25.2 
24.8 
24.3 
23.9 
23.4 


a. 
13 


o 


CO 

p 
1* 


34.5 
33.6 
32.7 
31.9 
31.1 
30.4 
29.7 
29.0 
28.3 
27.7 
27.1 
26.6 
26.0 
25.5 
25.0 
24.5 
24.1 
23.6 
23.2 
22.8 




in 


CO 

p 


33.4 
32.6 
31.7 
30.9 
30.2 
29.5 
28.8 
28.1 
27.5 
26.9 
26.3 
25.8 
25.3 
24.8 
24.3 
23.8 
23.3 
22.9 
22.5 
22.1 


u 

o 


o 


CO 

p 


32.4 
31.6 
30.8 
30.0 
29.3 
28.6 
27.9 
27.3 
26.7 
26.1 
25.5 
25.0 
24.5 
24.0 
23.5 
23.1 
22.6 
22 2 
21.8 
21.4 


^5 

> 

(5 


in 

in 


CO 

p 


31.4 
30.6 
29.8 
29.1 
28.4 
27.7 
27.0 
26.4 
25.8 
25.3 
24.7 
24.2 
23.7 
23.3 
22.8 
22.4 
21.9 
21.5 
21.1 
20.8 


e 
m 
*-< 


CO 

p 


30.4 
29.6 
28.8 
28.1 
27.4 
26.8 
26.2 
25.6 
25.0 
24.5 
23.9 
23.4 
23.0 
22.5 
22.1 
21.6 
21.2 
20.8 
20.5 
20.1 




o 
-r 


CO 

p 


28.4 
27.6 
26.9 
26.3 
25.6 
25.0 
24.4 
23.9 
23.3 
22.8 
22.3 
21.9 
21.4 
21.0 
20.6 
20.2 
19.8 
19.4 
19.1 
18.8 




o 

CO 


CO 

p 
>* 


26.4 
25.7 
25.0 
24.4 
23.8 
23.2 
22.7 
22.2 
21.7 
21.2 
20.7 
20.3 
19.9 
19.5 
19.1 
18.8 
18.4 
18.1 
17.7 
17.4 




o 


CO 

p 
>< 


ntrHiQO^C:mo!DHcO'tO(Onot^'#H 

^COWfNWHOdooiflicOOOCOt-t-t-O CD<D 




C 


CO 

p 

> 


22.3 
21.7 
21.2 
20.6 
20.1 
19.6 
19.2 
18.8 
18.3 
17.9 
17.6 
17.2 
16.8 
16.5 
16.2 
15.9 
15.6 
15.3 
15.0 
14.7 




o 
o 


CO 

p 


20.3 
19.7 
19.2 
18.8 
18.3 
17.9 
17.4 
17.0 
16.7 
16.3 
16.0 
15.6 
15.3 
15.0 
14.7 
14.4 
14.2 
13.9 
13.6 
13.4 




.3 


3. S3 


t-t-t-OOOOCOOOXOOOOOCOCCOHH 



262 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Whitin Looms, Concluded. 



*T3 

G 
O 

u 



a 

o 
o 



(J 





^2 1--C 


^OOOONilCDCOON^OOOONi'OXO 
HHHC) Ol CM M CM CO CO CO CO CO -P -f -t< -p -P IO 




01 


CO 
Q 

> 


27.6 
27.2 
26.7 
26.3 
25.8 
25.4 
25.0 
24.6 
24.2 
23.9 
23.5 
23.2 
22.8 
22.5 
22.2 
21.9 
21.6 
21.3 
21.0 




o 
— 

CM 


X' 

a 
>< 


26.3 
25.9 
25.4 
25.0 
24.6 
24.2 
23.8 
23.4 
23.1 
22.7 
22.4 
22.1 
21.7 
21.4 
21.1 
20.8 
20.5 
20.3 
20.0 




— 




25.7 
25.2 
24.8 
24.4 
24.0 
23.6 
23.2 
22.9 
22.5 
22.2 
21.8 
21.5 
21.2 
20.9 
20.6 
20.3 
20.0 
19.8 
19.5 




33 


co 

> 


25.0 
24.6 
24.2 
23.8 
23.4 
23.0 
22.6 
22.3 
21.9 
21.6 
21.3 
21.0 
20.7 
20.4 
20.1 
19.8 
19.5 
19.3 
19.0 






X 

a 
>■ 


24.3 
23.9 
23.5 
23.1 
22.7 
22.4 
22.0 
21.7 
21.3 
21.0 
20.7 
20.4 
20.1 
19.8 
19.5 
19.3 
19.0 
18.8 
18.5 


6 

1 
a 

V 


O 


CO 

P 
> 


23,7 
23.3 
22.9 
22.5 
22.1 
21.8 
21.4 
21.1 
20.8 
20.5 
20.1 
19.9 
19.6 
19.3 
19.0 
18.8 
18.5 
18.2 
18.0 




CO 

a 
> 


OCD«0510IMOOiaNOCOCOOI»10(N10t-10 


CO CM CM rH rH r-t O CO ~ ~ cr. 00 ~ X X X 00 b- t- 




o 


X 

p 

> 


22.4 
22.0 
21.6 
21.3 
20.9 
20.6 
20.2 
19.9 
19.6 
19.3 
19.0 
18.8 
18.5 
18.2 
18.0 
17.7 
17.5 
17.2 
17.0 




SI 


CO 

p 


t-CO©C£>COOCCC000010CMClt-'3<CNOt-10 
HHHCOC~~^ X X X t- t- t- t- b- CO <£> 


u 

"3 


o 
a: 


CO 

p 


21.1 
20.7 
20.3 
20.0 
19.7 
19.4 
19.0 
18.8 
18.5 
18.2 
17.9 
17.6 
17.4 
17.1 
16.9 
16.7 
16.4 
16.2 
16.0 


> 

Pi 




CO 

p 


20.4 
20.0 
19.7 
19.4 
19.1 
18.8 
18.5 
18.2 
17.9 
17.6 
17.4 
17.1 
16.8 
16.6 
16.4 
16.1 
15.9 
15.7 
15.5 


O 

to 


CO 

p 
>< 


t-^rlCO^HffiCOCOOQOlOCOrJOOCO^Ciq 

d o ccc! x co oo t^ i> i> t> ci 'i c c' o iri io 10 10 




o 

-1" 


CO 

p 
;* 


18.4 
18.1 
17.8 
17.5 
17.2 
16.9 
16.7 
16.4 
16.2 
15.9 
15.7 
15.4 
15.2 
15.0 
14.8 
14.6 
14.4 
14.2 
14.0 




o 

cc 


X 

p 


17.1 
16.8 
16.5 
16.3 
16.0 
15.7 
15.5 
15.2 
15.0 
14.8 
14.6 
14.3 
14.1 
13.9 
13.7 
13.5 
13.4 
13.2 
13.0 




CO 
01 


CO 

p 
> 


COlOMOCOlOCOrHOOCDTtHNOCt-LOCONC 
110 UO 1C lO "tP rj< ^p ~P CO CO CO CO CO M 01 Ol CM Ol Ol 




CO 


CO 

p 


14.5 

14.2 
14.0 
13.8 
13.5 
13.3 
13.1 
12.9 
12.7 
12.5 
12.3 
12.1 
12.0 
11.8 
11.6 
11.5 
11.3 
11.1 
11.0 




— 


X 

a 
>< 


Cqat-IOMrtOJNlOtClOCBt-OtCIJHO 
COCINCJOJIHHHHHHOOOOOOO 






J u 

^.5 


^COCOON'fCOMOOl^cDOOON'^CDOOO 
i-i i-f iH Ol M Cl Cl c t :: :: :c re :0 -t< -^ tJh -* ^t* 10 







263 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



The Northrop loom, 

Manufactured by 

The Draper Company* 




(Although the Whitin Machine Works do not make this 
loom, a number of our customers using our other machinery 
have them in their mills, and therefore it seems desirable to 
have a chapter devoted to them in this book. The following 
is published by courtesy of the Draper Company.) 



The essential points of difference between this and the or- 
dinary types of looms are that it automatically supplies its 
filling and mechanically prevents faults in the warp. 

The ordinary loom stops when the filling carried by its. 
shuttle is broken or exhausted. It does not stop when warp 
threads break. The supply of filling in a shuttle will last, in 
usual weaving, from one minute to ten, depending on the size 
of shuttle, fineness of yarn, speed of loom and width of cloth. 
Warp threads will break with varying regularity according 
to conditions, averaging at least twenty per loom per day on 
ordinary goods. 



264 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Draper Looms, Continued, 



A Filling Changer involves the following mechanisms : 
A filling fork to detect fault or absence in the filling. 
A hopper to hold an extra supply of filling. 
A transferrer to transfer extra filling from the hopper. 
A peculiar shuttle which will release the old filling carrier 
and properly receive the new, threading the yarn in its 
eye automatically. 
A device to receive the spent filling carrier, involving a 

chute and box. 
A device to protect the apparatus from damage in case the 
shuttle is not in proper position to receive a new filling 
supply. 
A thread cutter to' sever the thread extending from the 

hopper to the cloth when fresh filling is inserted. 
A device to stop the loom in case filling is all absent from 
the hopper, or in case the shuttle fails to thread more 
than once successively. 
The Warp Stop Motions are in several forms, all involving 
the same idea of stopping the loom in case any individual 
thread breaks or becomes unduly slack. They include drop 
wires, detectors and heddles, acting as follows : 
In the Harness. 
Back of the Harness. 
Back of the Lease Rods. 
In front of the Harness. 
On the Lay. 
In the Reed. 

The stop motions largely in use are those in the Harness 
and immediately back or in front of them. 



Dealing with the more important parts of the loom in 
turn, we first consider the Filling Changer, or Hopper, or 
Battery, or Magazine, as it is termed. This attachment fur- 
nishes the great element of labor saving. As recently im- 
proved, the hopper is designed to hold twenty-five extra 
bobbins, or cops, of filling, in place of fifteen as formerly. 
The new hopper is also much simplified in the detail of its 
mechanism, so that fewer and simpler parts perform the 
same work and with even greater accuracy than before. 

The devices which co-operate with the Filling Changer, 
such as the shuttle, the bobbins, the cop skewers, the shut- 
tle position detector, etc., have also been modified with 
good results. The shuttles are specially designed so as to be 
less liable to split or to be damaged, and the bobbins are 



265 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Draper Looms, Continued. 



specially made with large butts, so that they wear better 
and change less in reaming. 

The Warp Stop Motion is of various types. The now 
familiar steel harness style is probably superior for two- 
harness weaving on ordinary goods. It will not do for very 
close sley, for very wide goods, or for goods woven with a 
heavy strain on the warp, however. The drop-wire system, 
in which one detector operates for more than one thread, 
has been the most popular form for miscellaneous goods. 
There is also a single-thread stop motion, so called, which 
can be used with any number of harnesses. 

There are various devices for matching the pick. The 
only sure method of making absolutely perfect cloth is to 
supply new filling before the old filling is absolutely ex- 
hausted. This is accomplished by the use of what is termed 
a " Feeler," which positively engages the filling in the shut- 
tle while weaving, to determine when it has lost volume 
sufficiently to warrant the operation of the filling changer to 
insert a new supply. The objection that would naturally be 
raised to this is the amount of waste yarn left on the expelled 
bobbin ; this is met by removal as waste, or by piecing up 
from these bobbins on the spinning frame. 

Points of Importance : 

For proper operation, the hopper must be positioned so as 
to deliver the bobbin, or cop skewer, properly into the shuttle. 
As left by the erecting men, the position is correctly gauged. 
The lay bearings may change, however, and if there is any 
fault in the operation of changing filling, the loom should be 
turned over by hand, to note just where the fault is. Dupli- 
cate gauges should be kept by the overseer, by which to 
check up any errors in position. Note carefully the delivery 
of the new bobbin by the transferrer, to see that it is put 
properly into place, without any contact of the transferrer 
with the shuttle. The adjusting screw on the latch, attached 
to the transferrer, allows considerable lee-way for adjust- 
ment. If the lay does not come forward sufficiently, the 
throw may be set by the eccentric bearing at the lay end of 
the pitman. If the pitman becomes too badly worn to allow 
proper adjustment, it should be replaced. If a badly worn 



266 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Draper Looms, Continued. 



picker allows the shuttle to enter the box too far, an 
additional strip of leather should be placed in the box, 
behind the picker stick. It is better to keep the hopper 
continuously filled ; that is, not allow gaps between the bob- 
bins, although it may work all right without this care. The 
spring on the transferrer should be set with sufficient tension 
to prevent the blow of the lay from forcing the bobbin too 
far in the shuttle, by extra momentum. 

If the shuttle spring gets loosened, tighten up the retain- 
ing screw. While this is a self-evident proposition, con- 
tinual attention has to be called to it. With long bobbins, 
it is necessary to put some form of friction in the shuttle, 
such as bristles or slasher waste, inserted through holes in the 
sides. If the shuttle fails to thread, take pains to see 
whether the slot has become jammed, or the eye filled with 
lint. Shuttles often get broken because the protector is not 
properly set, allowing the side of the shuttle to be smashed 
in by the temple, when banging off. Another reason for 
shuttle splitting, is due to bobbins catching during transfer. 
This trouble is almost always due to improper position of 
the hopper, or to improper position of the shuttle with rela- 
tion to the hopper. The shuttle position detector should 
protect one end, and the suitable insertion of leather back of 
the picker stick, the other end. 

Greater care than usual must be taken with the pick of the 
Northrop looms, for many serious troubles with the filling 
are due to a hard pick, which will not only tend to snap the 
filling thread when picking the shuttle, after transfer, but 
will also tend to make the filling throw off of the bobbin, 
loop over the eye point, or get caught in cracks or on pro- 
jections near the shuttle box. A proper check will, of 
course, counteract the effect of a harsh pick, more or less, 
and so will a tight shuttle box. The proper method, how- 
ever, is to use as light a pick as possible. 

Error in the warp-stop motion is easily detected by test 
with a drop detector at various portions of the warp. Faults 
in action will be found due to improper set of parts, damaged 
parts, or worn parts. Necessary repairs should be promptly 
attended to. Slack threads often cause trouble by stopping 
the loom too often. This may be due to improper tension 
of the let-off. or the position of whip roll with relation to the 
harness. The greater part of warp breakage is due to knots, 
and especially knots with long ends. 



267 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Draper Looms, Continued* 



Most of the trouble with a loom is due to lack of oiling 
and lack of care in keeping parts properly adjusted. There 
is so much jar and shock with this machine, that nuts are 
apt to become loose, and bolts to slip. It is poor economy 
to allow badly worn parts to continue in use. If a change of 
goods is made, care must be taken to see that the let-off 
gearing is properly proportioned for the new work ; also 
that the take-up shall let back the proper amount. The 
position of the take-up roller and whip roll with relation to 
the lay is of vital importance, necessarily changing as the 
conditions change. In order to get face on the goods, sac- 
rifices must be made in other directions. 

Cloth Defects. 

If Northrop loom cloth shows warp runs or pick-outs, 
there is no excuse, as the warp-stop motion should properly 
protect against such errors. Thin places would prove either 
that the filling fork was out of order, or that the shuttle eye 
has become clogged so as to continue mis-threading, unless 
a dragging end of filling (when coarse) has held the fork 
from action. Thick places would be caused by the let-off 
not working properly, or by the take-up failing to act. 
Other general defects ma}- be due to oil stains, which are 
inexcusable, poor set of pick or harness cams, need of fric- 
tion in the shuttle, improper templing, improper choice of 
harness cams for the goods, and improper position of the 
parts over and through which the warp threads run. 



SPEED RECOMMENDED FOR DRAPER LOOMS FOR MEDIUM 
WEIGHT GOODS. 



28" 


190 to 195 


60" 


128 to 132 


30" 


185 to 190 


64" 


124 to 128 


32" 


180 to - 185 


68" 


120 to 124 


34" 


175 to 180 


72" 


116 to 120 


36" 


170 to 175 


76" 


112 tO Il6 


38" 


165 to 170 


80" 


108 tO 112 


40" 


160 to 165 


84" 


104 to 108 


42" 


154 to 158 


88" 


100 to 104 


44" 


148 to 152 


92" 


96 to 100 


46" 


144 to 148 


*„ 


94 to 96 


48" 


140 to 144 


100 


90 to 94 


52" 


136 to 140 


104" 


88 to 90 


56" 


132 to 136 


108" 


86 to 88 



268 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Draper Looms, Continued^ 



Instructions for Filling Out Specifications. 

(Make out separate specifications for each size loom.) 

Reed.— Send half a dozen pieces of different reeds, to help 
fit lay. Reeds vary so much, one piece is not sufficient. 
As the contraction on our high roll take-up is considerably 
less, on certain classes of weaves, than on other looms, it 
would be well to write the builders before ordering new 
reeds. The maximum reed space is 5" wider than the size 
of the loom. 

Bobbin or Cop.— It is necessary to send several sample cops 
with mule spindle, or bobbin and spindle. The regular 
sizes of bobbins take 5%, 6% and 6%" inch traverse. The 
regular cop sizes are 5^, 6% and 6^f inch traverse. At least 
200 to a loom should be provided. When cops are used, 
twenty skewers are sent with each loom. These are charged 
extra. Special patented bobbins are required and must be 
ordered from the Draper Co. 

Let=Off.— Bartlett, Shepard, Friction, or Bartlett and Friction 
combined is furnished. On F Model looms, Compound let- 
off is furnished. 

Take=Up.— The " High Roll " construction admits of wind- 
ing any diameter cloth roll up to 18 inches. Embodied with 
this are three separate styles of Take-up. 

The regular pattern takes up with every pick, and lets 
back to prevent thin places. 

The Worm Take-up is a positive take-up, without the let- 
back feature, and is especially designed for corduroys, velvets 
and similar fabrics, which require 200 picks per inch and 
above. 

The Worm Take-up with Let-back is designed for those 
who require a positive take-up, and still desire the let-back 
feature. 

Harness-Motion.— The regular top harness-motion or the side- 
top compensating motion is furnished. 



269 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Draper Looms, Continued, 

This loom is also adapted to take the Stafford or Crompton 
Dobby. 

Warp Stop=Motlon.— There are three styles. 

Steel harness for 2-shade work only, using one steel hed- 
dle for every warp thread. 

Drop-wire stop-motion for cotton harness, which requires 
one drop-wire for every two warp threads in a two harness 
loom adapted for 2, 3, 4 and 5 harness work. 

Single Thread or Lease Rod stop-motion for cotton har- 
ness, using one drop-wire for every warp thread. This stop- 
motion is adapted for any number of harness from 2 up. 

Drop-wires and heddles are extras, and should be ordered 
in sufficient quantities for extra drawing-in sets. It is well 
to order about 20 per cent, more drop-wires or heddles than 
the looms figure for this purpose. 

Pulleys.— Regular size 12 inch diameter, 2% inch face, for 28 
inch loom. 14 inch diameter, 2% iuch face, for 40 inch loom. 
This width of face is strongly recommended as wider pulleys 
are much more troublesome in shifting belts. 

Equipment.— Looms are furnished with filling-changer, warp 
stop-motion, check stands, shuttle-guard, filling-forks, one 
shuttle, one and one-half beams per loom. No leather parts. 

Pickers.— Pickers must be of short pattern, not projecting 
above shuttle box. Sample sets of strapping and pickers are 
furnished without charge. 



The different Loom Models are as follows : 

A node!.— Like those at Queen City Mill and other early or- 
ders. 

B Model.— Standard up to 1898. 

D Model.— Heavy Pattern. Present standard. 

E Model.— Regular Pattern. Present standard. 

F Model.— Extra Heavy Pattern. Recommended for 72-inch 
goods and wider. 

H Model.— Heavy Pattern. Side Cam Loom. 



270 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Draper Looms, Concluded* 



o 



c 
Q 



g 

G 
ti 

a 

Q 

a 

o 
o 

Oh 

o 

»G 

-4— > 

O 



■3S 

£ -V 
.cm 

ft^S 

£ 01 



£14 



01 O 

u 

o 



^. ^ m 



•B jJXI 



►J a .S 

tv" 4 " 1 *£. 



Jr .XI 

be j- (fi •"* 

a ° it 

J vo 



a a a a a a 

« -*VO O •* ■* 

co CO co ^- ^- lO 



.5.S.S.S.S.S 

m co 10 CTv co to 
CO CO CO CO ^t" LO 



.S.S.S.S.S.S 

*tf-vo CO CN vo vo 
CO CO CO ^J- ^t- LO 



r^co oo oo ov o 



f^ O M LO CTV C^ 

r^ t^co co oo o\ 



vo cc o ^t-co CO 
i-^ t^co co co Ov 



a E a a a C 
CO O CN vo O O 



"0 E 

B Ji 

QE 
o 

*8 



o o 01 

S N o> 

« fc 

^ e 

x! ta E 

0-= ° 

X! Cg 

° E 



tf - i* 
oi ■" oi 
W ^S 
c oi fe 

ca™ oi 
>ajd 

-52^ 

e pa •~ 
'" -is? 
<2g.o 
— i> <* 
e£E 

*"' 01 ™. 

E^m 

<t! « o> 

c^ ° 
B-r a 
o ? ft 

O , 01 

J 3j nj 

■~ S-i 
c £* 

ft !_ be 
0) o B 

QtVC 



a 

o 

O 

o 



fe 



£•3 

m « ■ 

aj 01 
Bug 

oi a 

ft 0)v*-l 

01 o 


78 in. 
82 in. 
88 in. 
96 in. 
106 in. 


L+H . 

<y 

£"»• 

•S s 

tn * 

idx: 
So 


B C B E C 
LO Ov LO CO CO 

r^r^oo ov 


o 

01 HH 

ci a 

cdXI 

fttn 
<n m 

id $ 

x a 

rB ca 

< 


79 in. 
83 in. 
89 in. 
97 in. 
107 in. 


< 

> 

o 

Xj 

M 

c 

01 


B c a" c a" 

VO OvO 't^ 
CN CO co ^t" LO 


55 


72 in. 
76 in. 
82 in. 
90 in. 
100 in. 



«E m 
;oo 
x: o > 

a 



i" 
l^s 



>E„- 



01—0 

1=J"X 



u 01 „ 

71 O 01 

01 ^oq 



K C3vo 
•S B^! 
Xi 01 3 

o ^^ 

*o «J § 

n O 

i-, >- 

Z 01 r, 

01 a a 
a m o 

~ +-' o 

.5 .2 j 



271 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

CURTIS & MARBLE 

CLOTH ROOM AND FINISHING 

MACHINERY, 




Railway Sewing and Rolling Machine* 

The cloth from the loom is placed in the cradle in front, the 
ends are stitched together as fast as it is unrolled from the 
loom-bolt, and then as many pieces as desired are rolled up in 
a large roll ready for the Brushing, Shearing, Folding Ma- 
chines, etc., or for shipment to the bleachery. Before being 
sewed, the cloth is drawn out to its full width, and held 
smooth and straight by steel pins on the machine. The sew- 
ing-machine head then travels across it (the cloth remaining 
stationary), and sews. the ends together with a continuous 
chain-stitch, making a perfectly straight and even seam all 
the way across. 

The machines are adjustable for different widths of cloth. 

The cloth-cradle in front will take in any size roll up to 18" 
diameter. 

A folding attachment may be put on to lay the goods off in 
loose folds, if desired. Also a measuring attachment. 



See "Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



272 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* 




Railway Sewing Machine* 

The sewing is done on the same principle as on the ma- 
chine already described, and the same style of sewing-ma- 
chine head is used. The sewing-machine head then travels 
across it and sews the two ends together with a continuous 
chain-stitch, stopping automatically at the end of each seam ; 
a small hand-wheel is then turned, and the sewing-machine 
head drawn back to the starting-point at the left-hand side 
of the machine ready for the next seam. The machine is 
readily adjusted for different widths of goods. 

This style of machine is very convenient for stitching to- 
gether the goods, where they are not to be rolled up after- 
ward. 

A countershaft to go overhead, with hangers, tight and 
loose pulleys and pulley for driving the sewing machine, is 
regularly furnished with each machine. 

See "Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



273 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




Inspecting Machine. 



This machine is for the convenient and rapid inspection of 
the goods, whether in single pieces as the}' come from the 
loom, or when running from a large roll during the various 
processes of manufacture. It is intended more especially 
for use on goods that are put through a Brushing or Shearing 
Machine where the threads .and dirt are removed. The cloth 
is placed in the cradle, or on stands in front of the machine, 
and is then drawn over the table in full view of the operator 
and rolled up on brackets at the back of the machine ; or, if 
preferred, a folding arrangement may be put on to lay the 
goods off in loose folds. The pulley on the draft roll is pro- 
vided with a friction clutch, and this roll is quickly stopped 
and started by the foot of the operator on the treadle-board 
in front. There is also a reverse motion operated by the side 
treadle by which the direction of the draft roll is reversed, 
when desired, and the goods run back over the table ; this is 
a very desirable and convenient feature, enabling any imper- 
fections which may be noticed near the upper part of the 
table to be run back and more carefully examined. 



See " Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



274 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* 




Calender-Rolling Machine. 

(With Hot Rolls and Steam Vapor Cylinder.) 

These machines are intended for smoothing out cotton 
goods and rolling them up in a smooth, hard and even roll. 
They are generally used with a steam vapor cylinder, and as 
the cloth enters the machine it is drawn over spreader bars 
and slightly dampened ; it then passes down under the bot- 
tom roll, up between the two rolls, and around the top roll 
to the wooden roll, on which it is wound up. The iron rolls 
are driven by heavy gearing, and two sets of connecting gears 
are furnished with each machine ; one set drives the rolls at 
the same surface speed, while the other set drives the top 
roll a trifle faster than the lower one, sufficient to draw out 
wrinkles, puckers and temple marks before rolling up. By 
treating the goods in this way and letting them remain on 
the rolls for a few hours, or over night, when taken off the 
rolls they present a much smoother and better appearance 
and finish to place on the market. A pair of long racks rests 
on the ends of the wooden roll on which the cloth is wound, 



275 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



and the requisite amount of pressure for making as hard a 
roll as desired is obtained by a friction strap and cam at the 
top ; the amount of pressure is easily regulated as required 
for different classes of goods. 

The machines are made to be run either with cold rolls or 
are fitted with stuffing boxes, piping and valves ready for 
connections so as to let steam inside both rolls and have them 
hot when running. The machines with the steam rolls are 
usually made considerably heavier than the cold ones, and 
on almost all classes of goods will give a better and softer 
finish, as they have a hot ironing effect instead of a cold one. 
The steam rolls may also be used cold if desired. 

The Steam Vapor Cylinder lets a light vapor of steam onto 
the goods just before entering the machine, and aids in 
smoothing out the goods and giving them a softer finish and 
feel. The amount of steam is easily regulated, so that the 
goods may be dampened in this way without giving them the 
harsh feeling often occasioned by the use of water. A cut- 
off valve is attached to the steamer to shut off the steam 
when the machine is stopped, and thus avoid excessive 
steaming or wetting in one place. 

These machines are run either in connection with a Shear- 
ing or Brushing Machine where the processes of cleaning and 
brushing the goods and then rolling them up in a hard roll 
are done atone operation, or they may be used independently 
with tight and loose pulleys. 

These Calender-Rolling Machines are of decided advantage 
for all goods that are sold in the brown, or that are not fur- 
ther treated and finished. 



See " Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, size and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



276 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* 




Calender-Rolling Machine. 

(With Measuring Roll, Steamer and Revolving Stretch Roll.) 

The above cut shows our Calender-Rolling Machine, the 
same as previously described, with the addition of an adjust- 
able measuring attachment, and revolving stretch roll in the 
front. 

The Adjustable Measuring Attachment consists of a meas- 
uring roll usually made one yard in circumference, with an 
expansion pulley on the end, and attached to the side of the 
machine is the measuring dial, which is generally made to 
register 2,500 or 5,000 yards, as desired ; the expansion pul- 
ley may be varied in diameter, and as some goods are more 
elastic than others and consequently stretch more in run- 
ning, the size of the pulley may be so adjusted as to give an 
accurate measurement of any kind of goods as they are rolled 

up. . . . 

The Revolving Stretch Roll is made with wooden slats on 
the outside and brass trucks and slides on the inside, so as 
to turn easily. 



See " Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



277 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




Cotton Brusher» 

(With Calender-Rolling Machine.) 

The Cotton Brushing Machine shown in above cut is 
arranged with one pair of Emery Rolls and one pair of Beat- 
ers in front, and with two Card Rolls and one stiff Brush on 
top for each side of the goods to finish them by once running 
through. It may also be made with other arrangements of 
Card Rolls and Brushes, or with all Brushes, if desired. On 
nearly all new machines made at the present time, we attach 
the Emery Rolls and Beaters, which are valuable additions 
for more thoroughly cleaning the goods, and require almost 
no additional floor space. The Emery Rolls do good service 
in removing motes, leaf, chits, etc., and are used especially 
for the medium and heavier classes of goods, such as sheet- 
ings, shirtings, drills, ducks, etc. ; for finer goods, brushes 
may be put on in place of the emery rolls, or only the beat- 
ers used in front. The Beaters have steel blades with sharp 
edges, which run against the goods and knock off many of 
the knots and knubs which it is almost impossible to get off 
by other means, as well as loosen much of the other dirt so 
that the card rolls and brushes which follow may take it off. 
They have proved very effective in connection with the other 
cleaning appliances, and are used to advantage on quite fine 
goods as well as on coarser grades. The Emery Rolls and 
Beaters may also be added in similar manner to older ma- 
chines to enable them to do more effective work. 



278 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



The Brushes are set with the very best quality of Russian 
stiff bristles, which are the only bristles that will do effective 
work on cotton goods ; softer and cheaper bristles are some- 
times used in cotton brushing machines, but, beyond brush- 
ing off loose lint and dirt, are of but little service for cleaning 
the goods. The Card Rolls are covered with fillet made ex- 
pressly for this work, with straighter teeth than usual, and 
are run with the bend of the teeth pointing backwards, mak- 
ing good appliances for removing chits, motes, specks, etc., 
without raising a nap. The machine is entirely covered on 
top, and around the emery rolls and beaters (the covers be- 
ing removed in the cut in order to show the different rolls, 
etc.), and has a powerful Exhaust Fan underneath to carry 
off dust and lint, leaving the room free from anything arising 
from the machine. The Brushing Machines are made with 
rolling-up brackets attached to the back side for winding the 
goods on rolls, or are run in connection with our Calender- 
Rolling Machines, as shown in the cut, where the work of 
both machines is done in one operation. The iron rolls of 
the Calender Head may be made to run either cold or hot, as 
desired, and with the above arrangement the goods are first 
thoroughly brushed and cleaned, then passed over a steam 
vapor cylinder to receive a light vapor of steam, and then in 
passing around the iron rolls of the Calender Head are freed 
from wrinkles and puckers and rolled up in a smooth, hard 
and even roll ; after being treated in this way and allowed to 
stand tightly rolled up for a few hours or over night, when 
taken off the rolls the goods have a much smoother and bet- 
ter finish and " feel " to place on the market. The work of 
the Calender-Rolling Machines is more fully described on a 
preceding page. 

The Brushing Machines with the different cleaning ap- 
pliances make very effectual and complete machines, and if 
Shear Blades are also desired, we can add them in almost any 
desired number and arrangement for either one or both sides 
of the goods. 



See "Floor Plan and Notes'* for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



279 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* 




Cover over top and trout removed to show parts. 

Cotton Shearing and Brushing Machine* 

(With One Emery Roll, One Beater, One Card Roll, Two Brashes, 

and Two Sets of Shear Blades for One Side of the Goods, 

and One Emery Roll, One Beater, One Card Roll, 

Two Brushes, and One Set of Shear 

Blades for the Other Side, With 

Rolling Brackets.) 

We illustrate but two of our many arrangements of Cotton 
Shearing and Brushing Machines ; we build them with al- 
most any desired arrangement of parts and attachments, 
with from one to six sets of shear blades and one to three 
brushes to shear but one side at a time, or with one or more 
sets of shear blades and brushes for the opposite side, to 
finish both sides by once running through. We also add 
Emery Rolls, Card Rolls, Beaters, Extra Brushes, etc., ar- 
ranged in various combinations to suit the different classes 
of goods and the amount of cleaning and finishing required. 
The above cut shows a machine with many of the different 
attachments on, and we also build larger machines with 
more Shear Blades, etc., on them. The Front Attachment 
with Emery Rolls and Beaters is used on very many Brush- 
ing and Shearing Machines, and while requiring almost no 
additional floor space is a valuable addition to the machines 



280 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



for more thoroughly cleaning the goods. The Emery Rolls 
do good service in removing motes, leaf, chits, etc., and are 
used especially on the medium and heavier classes of goods, 
such as sheetings, shirtings, drills, tickings, ducks, etc. The 
Beaters have steel blades with sharp edges, which run against 
the goods and knock off many of the little knots and knubs 
which it is difficult to get off in other wavs, as well as loosen 
much of the other dirt, so that the card rolls, brushes, etc., 
which follow may take it off, They are of great value in con- 
nection with the other cleaning appliances, and may be used 
to advantage on quite fine goods as well as on coarse. The 
Card Rolls are covered with fillet, having less bend to the 
teeth than usual, and are run with the bend of the teeth 
pointing backwards, so as not to raise a nap. They are effect- 
ive for removing threads, specks, chits, etc. The Brushes 
are filled with the best Russian stiff bristles, which will do 
the most effective work of any bristles in cleaning cotton 
goods. The Shear Blades are for trimming off the threads 
and fibres, and are carefully made and tempered, and tested 
before being used. Where different kinds of goods are made 
and some of them do not require as much finishing as others, 
by changing belts, or taking off some of the belts entirely, 
either, the Emery Rolls, Card Rolls, Beaters, or Shear Blades 
may be stopped, and as many parts of the machine used as 
will best adapt it to each grade and variety of goods. The 
Shearing Machines have Exhaust Fans underneath to carry 
off dust and lint, and have covers over the top and around 
the Emery Rolls and Beaters in front to keep the room free 
from anything arising from the machine. They have swing 
cloth rests and a stop motion for the revolvers, which are de- 
sirable improvements to prevent cutting the cloth when the 
seams go through. The machines are made with Rolling 
Brackets at the back side, as shown in the cut, or are run 
in connection with our Calender-Rolling Machines or Gas- 
Singeing Machines. 



See " Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



281 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




Cover over top and front removed to show parts. 

Cotton Shearing and Brushing Machine. 

(With Four Sets of Shear Blades, Three Brushes for the Face of the 

Goods, and One Brush for the Back of the Goods, 

with Horizontal Rolling Brackets.) 

This machine makes a very satisfactory arrangement for 
printeries, bleacheries, cloth-rooms, etc , where but one side 
of the cloth is to be sheared. Many of the older styles of 
machines for bleacheries, printeries, etc., were made with 
brushes and shear blades for only the face of the cloth, but 
on more recent machines one or more brushes are generally 
added for the back of the goods, since the face and back of 
the cloth come against each other when rolled up, and if dirt 
or lint is left on the back of the goods, more or less of it is 
liable to come off on the face when the goods are unrolled, 



282 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



and thus cause trouble in the after processes. We have also 
similar machines to these with two, three, four, five, or 
six sets of shear blades for the face, and with any desired 
number of brushes for both the face and the back of the 
goods. Additional brushes, beaters, or other cleaning appli- 
ances may also be put onto the front of the machine, if de- 
sired. 

Our Shearing Machines are made with swinging cloth-rests 
and stop-motion for the revolvers, so that the cloth-rests may 
be raised or the revolvers stopped when seams pass through. 
The cloth-rests, brushes, etc., are held in adjustable boxes 
so that they can be readily set for any class of goods Special 
attention is given to the cutting parts, the spirals in the re- 
volvers and ledger blades being made from the best quality 
steel, carefully tempered and finished. On machines for 
shearing only one side of the goods, a cover is generally 
placed over the back brush, as shown on the cut, and the 
balance of the machine left open, so that the operator may 
see the work done by the brushes and cutting parts, while on 
machines for shearing both sides of the goods, the cover 
usually extends over the entire top of the machine. Under- 
neath the machine is an exhaust fan for taking off dust and 
lint. Levers are provided at both sides of the machine for 
starting and stopping the machine as well as for lifting the 
cloth-rests or stopping the revolvers when seams go through. 
Spreader-bars are attached both on the front of the machine 
where the cloth enters, and at the delivery end just before 
the cloth is rolled up, for taking out wrinkles and turned 
edges. 



See "Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



283 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




Improved Gas Singeing Machine. 

This cut represents our Improved Gas Singeing Machine, 
which has proved a most complete and efficient machine for 
singeing all classes of goods. The Burners have a continu- 
ous slot their whole length, and give a solid and uniform 
sheet of flame from selvage to selvage ; there are brass 
slides which go over the ends of the burners to shorten the 
flame when singeing narrow goods so that it may be no wider 
than the goods, and all waste of gas at the ends of the burn- 
ers is avoided. Each flame comes in contact with the goods 
at two points so that the heat from both sides of the flame is 
utilized, and as the flame strikes the goods when running 
first in one direction and then in the opposite direction, the 
fibres are removed in the most thorough and efficient man- 
ner possible. A fine and close singe can be obtained on these 
machines with a less consumption of gas than by any other 
system of singeing. 

The machines are so arranged that either one or both sides 
of the goods may be singed, as required ; on machines with 
two burners, when singeing only one side, the goods have 
four contacts with the flames, or when singeing both sides 
they have two contacts on each side at each passage through, 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



and on larger machines proportionately more contacts are 
obtained. 

A Fan Blower and Air Reservoir are attached to the ma- 
chine to give a constant supply of air under steady pressure 
to mix with the gas, so that a maximum amount of heat is 
obtained with a minimum quantity of gas, and at the same 
time the combustion is rendered complete, so that there is 
no smoke or soot to soil the goods. The amount of gas and 
air required is easily regulated by stop-cocks. The machines 
may be quickly stopped and the burners turned away from 
the goods by means of levers to prevent damage to the goods 
while the machine is not running ; these levers are so arranged 
that the burners must be turned before stopping the ma- 
chine. Small lighter-pipes are provided, by means of which 
the flames are re-lighted when the burners are thrown back 
into working position. 

The burner-rolls around which the goods pass as the flame 
acts on them may be kept cool by a continuous stream of 
water passing through them to present a cold surface against 
the back of the goods and prevent the flame from penetrating 
the goods to " exhaust " them. The carrier and burner-rolls 
are made of brass to prevent rust or stain on the cloth. 

Where varieties of goods are being singed, the machine 
may be made with differential friction plate, as shown in cut, 
so that the speed of the cloth may be changed at pleasure ; 
this allows different classes of goods to be run at any desired 
speed, according to the amount of singeing required, and 
whether one or both sides are being singed. The machines 
are also built with cut gearing for driving the draft roll, and 
cone pulleys on the shafts underneath, allowing several 
changes of speed ; — this is a little easier method of driving, 
though does not allow as wide a range of speeds. 

A Steaming Apparatus is placed directly after the last 
burner, to let a vapor of steam on the goods after being 
singed : or a Water-Box may be used at the back side. 

The machine is made with either a rolling attachment, as 
shown on the cut, as is most commonly used for cotton goods, 
or with high folding attachment to lay the goods off in loose 



285 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* 



folds. The rolling attachment is made with brass slides to 
go over the ends of the winding roll, with weights and cams 
to give pressure to make a firm, solid roll ; it is also placed 
at a convenient height from the floor for easily taking off the 
roll of cloth. 

For goods where a very large amount is singed off, brushes 
may be added, if desired, to remove the burnt particles after 
singeing. 

A Smoke-Hood may be attached over the top of the ma- 
chine, arranged to be connected by piping to an exhaust or 
ventilating fan for carrying off all gases and products of com- 
bustion. 

Where the Singeing Machines are run in connection with 
a Shearing Machine, as in print works, etc., an extra pair of 
draft rolls may be added in front to draw the cloth through 
the Shear, connected by bevel gearing to the back draft rolls, 
to maintain a uniform draft on the goods through both ma- 
chines, without any excessive strain. 

These machines are commonly made with two, three or 
four burners, as desired. A large number are running in 
mills making plain or fancy cottons, ginghams, worsted dress 
goods, upholstery goods, and in different finishing establish- 
ments, bleacheries, print and dye works, where almost all 
varieties of goods are being singed. For singeing corduroys 
and other pile fabrics, we build special Singeing Machines, 
working on the same principle as the above, but modified in 
form and construction, as the character of the goods requires. 

Built in different widths for 30", 36", 40", 44", 50", 60", and 
72" goods. 



See " Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



286 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued, 




Cloth Winder and Measurer. 

This machine is for winding cotton prints, ginghams, fancy 
cottons and other goods for the market, and it is made either 
with or without the Measuring Attachment. The machine 
without the Measurer is often run in connection with a 
Cloth Folder, on which the goods are measured, and will 
wind at the rate of 50 to 60 yards per minute, while the one 
with the Measurer is not usually run quite as fast, but 
accurately measures the goods as they are rolled up, and for 
general work is the more desirable machine. The tension is 
easily regulated by friction rods in front, and by means of 
the guide collars, the ends can be made perfectly square and 
even, making a neat looking roll. The machine is readily 
stopped and started by the foot of the operator upon the 
treadle-bar in front, and the boards quickly clamped and un- 
damped in the sockets by a hand-lever. The goods are gen- 
erally wound on boards 4 to 9 inches wide, or on a square 
bar, or steel plate, which is pulled out after the goods are 
wound up ; cardboard or a paper tube may also be used, if 
desired. Extra pairs of jaws for holding different widths of 
boards, etc., furnished when wanted. In ordering, the 
width of board used should always be given. 

This is one of the best and most convenient Winding and 



287 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



Measuring Machines built, and is largely used by cotton and 
gingham mills, bleacheries, print works, dyeing and finish- 
ing establishments, etc., for almost all classes of goods. 

The usual widths of these machines are 3-4 wide for goods 
up to 27 inches, and 4-4 for goods any width up to 36 inches. 
Wider and heavier machines are also made for goods 40, 45, 
50, 60 or 72 inches wide. 




Cloth Folding Machine. 

(With Low Back Frame.) 

This represents our Improved Cloth Folding and Measur- 
ing Machine, with low back frame and apron, as arranged 
for general work on ordinary brown goods, etc., for which 
we claim many advantages not found in other machines. 
The leaves of the table upon which the cloth is folded have 
a positive opening movement by means of cams and levers in 
advance of the folding-blades, so that the cloth is carried 
under the jaws without friction on the cloth already folded, 
and the work is done without pulling the cloth from the 
opposite jaw, or dragging the fold back when the blades are 
withdrawn from between the table and jaws The feeding- 
in of the cloth and the tension are easily regulated, and 
accurate measurement may be obtained, whether running at 
fast or slow speed. The swivel-rod for tipping the blades 



288 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



swings in a different manner from formerly, and is fitted 
with an oiling device for keeping the rod lubricated : guides 
are also provided for the blades as they move back and forth, 
to prevent any motion sideways. 

Many minor improvements have been made in the con- 
struction, and the machine is built in a most substantial and 
accurate manner throughout, making it without question the 
best built Folder in the market. All parts operate with ease 
and rapidity, allowing the highest practical speed to be 
maintained. 

For folding extra long cuts, or for heavy or fluffy goods, 
we have a Patent Automatic Drop Centre Attachment, which 
lowers the centre of the table in a positive manner by means 
of a pawl and ratchet mechanism as the folds of cloth are 
laid under the jaws ; the cloth is thus prevented from 
rounding up in the middle and so lengthening the folds 
towards the last end of the cut. As soon as a piece has been 
folded and taken out, the whole table is readily raised into 
position again by the foot lever, the same as on the plain 
machines. This Drop Centre movement is the most com- 
plete and easy working device for the purpose, and renders 
our machine the most reliable and accurate Folder for this 
class of work. 

These Folders are also made with a curved cloth apron 
and nip-rolls on the upper part of the machine, over the 
back shaft, if desired, while for bleached or starched goods 
the cloth is usually fed in from the front side over the head 
of the operator, as shown on opposite page. 

The machines are built for different widths of goods, and 
to fold in J^-yard, i-yard, i-metre, i^-yard, or i i^-yard folds, 
as required. Also Shifting Machines, which maybe changed 
from one length of fold to another in a few minutes. 



See "Floor Plan and Notes" for floor space required, sizes 
and speeds of pulleys, and production. 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




Cloth Folding Machine, 

(With High Front Frame.) 

This represents our Improved Cloth Folding and Measur- 
ing Machine, as generally arranged for bleached or starched 
goods, etc., with High Front Frame to feed the cloth in over 
the head of the operator, for which we claim many advan- 
tages not found in other machines. Otherwise this folder is 
similar to the one with low back frame, described on a pre- 
ceding page. 

The Folders are also made with a Low Back Frame and 
Curved Cloth Scray back of the machine for ordinary brown 
goods, etc., or the Cloth Scray and Nip Rolls may be placed 
on the upper part of the machine over the cam shaft. 

The machines are built for different widths of goods, and 
to fold in J^-yard,. i-yard, i-metre, i^-yard, or i>£-yard 
folds, as required. Also Shifting Machines, which may be 
changed from one length of fold to another in a few min- 
utes. 



See " Floor Plan and Notes " for floor space required, sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, and production. 



290 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued* 



Floor Plans and Notes. 

The following floor plans are all based on goods 40" wide. 

The floor space for 50'' or 60" machines would therefore be 
approximately 10" or 20" wider than that given in the cuts, 
with a few inches added to allow for wider faced pulleys 
which are often used on wider machines. 

In some instances also the space occupied from front to 
back would be more for wider machines. 

The cuts as shown, however, will no doubt answer for all 
ordinary purposes, and also serve as a guide in estimating 
floor spaces required by similar machines of different speci- 
fications. 

Particular attention is called to the notes under each cut 
which give the usual technical data pertaining to sizes and 
speeds of pulleys, production of the different machines, and 
general remarks pertaining to floor plans and dimensions. 



291 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




6 8- 

TIGHT & LOOSE PULLEY 
ON COUNTERSHAFT 

6"X2"220RP.M 



GIRT 

e 23 RAILWAY SEWINC 

MACHINE 



ff 



Floor Space for 40" goods, 6'-8" wide by 2'-o" from front 
to back. 

The tight and loose pulleys on the countershaft are 6" diam- 
eter, 2^'' face, and the usual speed is about 220 revolutions 
per minute ; those on the machine itself are usually run 
about 500 to 525 revolutions per minute. 

Production about 20,000 to 30,000 yards per day of ten 
hours. 



L.--J4 ^< 



> § 



N 



E 



ROLLING — UP ROLL 



3 



fc 



ifc 



25RRILWP.Y SEWING &-ROLLING 

MRCHINE 



Floor Space for 40" goods, 6'-io" wide by 3'-8" from front 
to back. 

The tight and loose pulleys are 12" diameter, lyi" face, and 
the usual speed is about 320 revolutions per minute. 

Production about 20,000 to 30,000 yards per day of ten hours. 



292 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



3 



D 



js-u)* 



[::: 



Z UJ i 

i= ?■" 

U I? 

Id U J 

(L < J 

z it 



New style straight frames with rolling head. 

Floor Space for 40" goods about 6'-o" wide and 8'-8" from 
front to back, including the platform 30" wide which sets on 
the floor in front of the machine Without the platform the 
distance from front to back is about 6'-2". 

If necessary the rolling head can be moved up a little 
closer to the inspecting machine than shown on the drawing. 

The Friction Clutch Pulley is 12" diameter. 2}4 // face, and 
the usual speed is about 75 revolutions per minute. 

Production of 42 yards of cloth per minute when running 
continuously. 



2 93 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



! 



MEASURING ROLL 



nr 



iTRETCH ROLL 



748 ROLLS 




With Steam Vapor Cylinder, Stretch Roll, and Adjustable 
Measuring Attachment. 

Floor Space for 40" goods, i'-o" wide by 5 / -2 // from front 
to back. 

The tight and loose pulleys when the machine is used in- 
dependently are 14" diameter, 3" face, and when running 
270 revolutions per minute will give a 

Production of 50 yards of cloth per minute. 

When the Calender Rolling Machine is run in connection 
with the Brusher, it is driven directly from the Brusher. 



294 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




n 



i 



ai^ 



\f 



h 



t — 



I 



l 



° I 

2. < 

£ 8 

5^ 



295 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



Cotton Brusher and Calender. 



Cotton Brusher with Emery Rolls, Beaters, Card Rolls and 
brushes for both sides of the goods, with 7" and 8" Steam 
Calender Rolling Machine with Steam Vapor Cylinder. 

Floor Space for 40" goods, 7^-3" wide by 0/-7" from front 
to back. 

If Measuring Attachment is used on the Calender Rolling 
Machine, this adds about 18". 

If Stretch Roll is used, this adds about 12". 

If Brusher is used with Rolling Brackets instead of the 
Calender Rolling Machine, the floor space is from 1' to 3' 
less from front to back. 

The tight and loose pulleys are 14" diameter by 3J2" face, 
and the usual speed is about 400 revolutions per minute. 

Production about 40 to 60 yards per minute. 



296 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




=0= 



n *■ 



:n 2 £ 



U j t 



ra z 






tl 



00 f 



-*f ^3 *| 



297 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



No. 34 Combined Cotton Shearing and Brush- 
ing Machine. 



With Emery Rolls and Beaters in front, Card Rolls, 
Brushes, and Shear Blades for both sides of goods on top, 
and Inclined Rolling Brackets at the back side for putting 
the goods on rolls. 

Floor Space for 40" goods, about 7'-°" wide by 9/-0" from 
front to back. 

If used with Calender Rolling Machine, the floor space is 
about 3'-o" from front to back. 

If a Measuring Roll is used on the Calender Rolling Ma- 
chine, this would add about 18". 

If the Stretch Roll is used, this would add about 12". 

On larger machines with additional brushes or shear blades 
on them, the additional floor space would be about 7" for 
each additional brush, or 14" for each additional set of shear 
blades. 

The tight and loose pulleys on the machine are 14" diam- 
eter, 3>£" face, usual speed about 400 revolutions per min- 
ute. 

Production about 20,000 to 30,000 yards per day of ten 
hours. 



29S 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 




Floor Space of two burner Singer for 40" goods, 8'-o" 
from front to back by 7'-2" wide. 

Three and four burner Singers, n'-6" from front to back, 
by 7'-2" wide. 

The tight and loose pulleys are 14" diameter, 3j4" or 4" 
face, speed 200 revolutions per minute. 

Production of 40 yards of cloth per minute. 



299 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



U 



z n 

o: U 

hi 

d 

D 



k--t- 



UJ 

I 

~ ^ < 

d D cr 

w d u 

Q ° * 
U q: m 

o 

J 



J. HID 



anOJ* H3J.N3D 



!^-M 



For Floor Space, Speed, Production, etc., see page 301. 



300 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued, 



Folder Data. 

Folder, to fold i yard folds, with low back frame and 
curved apron for the cloth : 

Floor Space for 40" goods, 5'-7~ "wide by io'-3" from back 
to front. For \% yd. folds, add about 12" from front to 
back. 

The tight and loose pulleys are 10" diameter, 2^" face, and 
the usual speed is about 250 revolutions per minute, which 
will give a 

Production of 75 yards of cloth per minute. 



Folder, to fold 1 yard folds, with high front frame 

to feed the goods in over the head of the operator : 

Floor Space for 40'' goods, 5'-7" wide by io'-8" from front 
to back. 

Machine to fold x% yard folds, add about 12" from front 
to back. 

The tight and loose pulleys are \o" diameter, 2^" face, and 
when running 250 revolutions per minute will give a 

Production of 75 yards of cloth per minute. 



See "Floor Plan" on page 302. 



301 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 

Curtis & Marble 
Cloth Room Machinery, Continued. 



z 
L 
or 

LxJ 

CL 

ft 

a. ~ 

$ D 









ltno 



QnOJjoy9iN33 



:d 



lu 

z 

in < 
nop 

LI o 
D L 



For Floor Space, Speeds, Production, etc., see page 301. 



302 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



MAXIM GAS MACHINES. 




Fig. 1. 

Gas lighting in textile mills has been practically aban- 
doned. Electricity is the only thing used nowadays. At 
the same time, gas is occasionally required for singeing ma- 
chines in finishing yarns or cloth. The best machine for 
this purpose is undoubtedly the Maxim. The special feat- 
ures claimed for it are as follows : 

(i). Perfect uniformity in density and pressure. 

(2) Entire absence of smoke or smell. 

(3). For lighting purposes plain open burners can 
be used requiring no adjusting apparatus ; and 
Welsbach burners will give as satisfactory results 
as with coal gas. 

(4). Its construction complies with regulations of 
the leading Fire Underwriters. 

(5). The light is equal to that of the best coal gas. 

(6). There is no accumulation of gasoline which 
will not evaporate, and the same quantity of gas is 
produced until the gasoline is consumed. 

By referring to the accompanying cuts, the following 
description will make clear the construction and operation of 
the machine. 



3°3 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Maxim Gas Machines, Continued. 




Fig. 2. 

Fig. I shows the machine in perspective. Fig. 2 is a sec- 
tional view. The vertical cylinder is a common gas holder 
of sheet brass. It is 36 inches in diameter for a thousand 
burner machine. The operative parts of the machine are 
best shown in the sectional view, Fig. 2, which represents 
the portion of the machine called the injector. A is a steam 
chamber supplied with twenty or more pounds of steam 
through the pipe K. B is the gasoline supply pipe, and C 
the air supply. D is an index regulating the flow of the gas- 
oline valve. The operation is as follows : Steam being in a 
chamber A, the descent of the holder opens the valve M, 
and allows the steam to escape through the jet L. This pro- 
duces a partial vacuum at L, and draws in air at C. The air 
and steam pass with great rapidity through the tube G. The 
action of the air and steam produces another partial vacuum 
at N, which draws in gasoline through the pipe B. The 
adjustment of the opening is such that the steam draws in 
the proper quantity of air to make the quality of gas desired. 
The heat of the steam is taken up by the refrigeration caused 
by the evaporation of the gasoline, so that at E a compound 
of carburretted air and cold water is produced. The short 
piece of tube F presents the curious phenomenon of being a 
hot retort (at a) and a cold condenser (at b). The supply of 
gasoline is regulated by the valve D. The dash pot H pre- 
vents a too rapid action of the valve T. The gas is regulated 
to a density and pressure to suit the burners used, and when 
once adjusted does not vary in its quality. 



304 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C, 



Maxim Gas Machines, Concluded. 



Technical Data. 

Parties desiring gas machines for singeing purposes should 
give the estimated consumption of their burners and the 
number used. 

Any size storage tank can be used in connection with the 
machine, as the gasoline is conducted directly from the stor- 
age tank to the machine. 

Six gallons of gasoline are estimated to furnish 1,000 cubic 
feet of gasoline gas, which is the equivalent of a like quan- 
tity of coal gas. 

The two sizes of these machines that seem best adapted to 
the cotton mill trade are embodied in the following table : 



Size Number 


Capacity in 
Cu. Feet of Gas. 


Dimensions of Room Required. 


of Machine. 


Width. 


Length. 


Height. 


No. 2 
No. 3 


2500 
5000 


6 ft. 

7 ft. 


9 ft. 
13 ft. 


9 ft. 
12 ft. 



Note : — The dimensions give ample room to get around all parts of the ma- 
chine. 



305 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



BUSHNELL PRESSES. 

(For Baling Cloth and Yarn,) 





First Class Cloth Baling Presses. 

The term "First Class" applies to our all iron and steel 
presses. It is a well known fact that there is nothing equal 
to a double knuckle jointed Press, where both power and 
rapid work are required. The above cuts represent our 
heaviest type of press with the follower both down and up 
to show the relative amount of piling room. This machine 
is specially designed for heavy work and adapted to baling 
goods for export, finishing ginghams, for use in print works, 
bleacheries, etc. 

These presses are also made inverted when desired ; it 
works as well in every respect as when standing up in the 
ordinary way. The belts and working parts are below the 
floor, the follower moving up as in hydraulic presses. The 
extra cost of an inverted press is about 10$. 



306 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 




First Class Cloth Baling Presses, Style M, 

Our Style M. Press is the lighter type of our all iron and 
steel presses. 



Hydraulic Baling Presses. 

We also make Hydraulic Presses for baling and finishing 
purposes. They are supplied in the same sizes and pressure 
as our other first class presses ; we furnish either 'power or 
steam hydraulic pumps to work with them. 



307 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Bushnell Presses, Continued* 



First Class Presses. 
Dimensions, Etc. 







Distance 


Distance 


Piling 


Move- 




Style of 


No. of 


Between 


Across 


Room for 


ment of 


Tons 


Press. 


Press. 


Rods. 


Bed. 


Goods. 


Follower 


Pressure. 






Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 




M 


i 


42 


24 


65 


37 


75 


M 


i-A 


42 


30 


65 


37 


75 


M 


2 


48 


24 


65 


37 


75 


M 


2-A 


48 


30 


65 


37 


75 


M 


3 


54 


24 


65 


37 


75 


M 
M 


3-A 

4 


54 
30 


30 
24 


65 


37 


75 






M 


4-A 


30 


30 


These columns refer 


100 


M 


5 


36 


24 


to Baling Presses only 


100 


M 


5- A 


36 


30 










M 


6 


42 


24 


72 


44 


100 


M 


6-A 


42 


30 


72 


44 


100 


M 


7 


48 


24 


72 


44 


100 


M 


7-A 


48 


30 


72 


44 


100 


M 


8 


54 


24 


72 


44 


100 


M 


8- A 


54 


30 


72 


44 


100 


M 


9 


60 


24 


72 


44 


100 


M 


9- A 


60 


3° 


72 


44 


100 




10 


3§ 


24 






150 




io-A 


36 


30 






150 




ii 


42 


24 


72 


44 


150 




n-A 


42 


3° 


72 


44 


150 




12 


48 


24 


72 


44 


150 




I2-A 


48 


3° 


72 


44 


150 




13 


54 


24 


72 


44 


!5° 




13-A 


54 


3° 


72 


44 


W 




14 


60 


24 


72 


44 


150 




14-A 


60 


30 


72 


44 


15° 




15 


66 


24 


72 


44 


150 




15- A 


66 


30 


72 


44 


150 




17 


42 


24 


72 


44 


200 




18 


42 


30 


72 


44 


200 




!9 


42 


36 


72 


44 


200 




20 


48 


24 


72 


44 


200 




21 


48 


3° 


72 


44 


200 




23 


.48 


36 


72 


44 


200 




25 


54 


24 


72 


44 


200 




26 


54 


3° 


72 


44 


200 




27 


54 


36 


72 


44 


200 




28 


60 


24 


72 


44 


200 




29 


60 


30 


72 


44 


200 




30 


60 


36 


72 


44 


200 




31 


66 


24 


72 


44 


200 




32 


66 


30 


72 


44 


200 




33 


66 


36 


72 


44 


200 




34 


72 


24 


72 


44 


200 




35 


72 


30 


72 


44 


200 




36 


72 


36 


72 


44 


200 



30S 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 



First Class Presses. 

(Concluded.) 

Dimensions, Etc. 







Distance 


Distance 


Piling 


Move- 




Style of 


No. of 


Between 


Across 


Room for 


ment of 


Tons 


Press. 


Press. 


Rods. 


Bed. 


Goods. 


Follower. 


Pressure. 






Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 




M 


1 

37 


48 


30 


72 


44 


250 


M 


3S 


48 


36 


72 


44 


250 


M 


39 


54 


30 


72 


44 


250 


M 


40 


54 


36 


72 


44 


250 


M 


41 


60 


30 


72 


44 


250 


M 


42 


Ao 


36 


72 


44 


250 




45 


48 


30 


72 


44 


300 




46 


48 


36 


72 


44 


300 




47 


48 


42 


72 


44 


300 




48 


54 


30 


72 


44 


300 




49 


54 


36 


72 


44 


300 




50 


54 


42 


72 


44 


300 




51 


60 


30 


72 


44 


300 




52 


60 


36 


72 


44 


300 




53 


60 


42 


72 


44 


300 




54 


66 


30 


72 


44 


300 




55 


66 


36 


72 


44 


300 




56 


66 


42 


72 


44 


300 




57 


72 


30 


72 


44 


300 




58 


72 


36 


72 


44 


300 




59 


72 


42 


72 


44 


300 




81 


48 


36 


70 


43 


400 




82 


48 


42 


70 


43 


400 




83 


4S 


48 


70 


43 


400 




85 


54 


36 


70 


43 


400 




86 


54 


42 


70 


43 


400 




87 


54 


48 


70 


43 


400 




89 


60 


36 


70 


43 


400 




90 


60 


42 


70 


43 


400 




9i 


60 


4 S 


70 


43 


400 




105 


48 


36 






500 




106 


48 


42 




500 




107 


48 


AS 




500 




109 


54 


36 




500 




110 


54 


42 


Figures in 


500 




in 


54 


48 


these columns 


500 




113 


60 


36 


refer to Baling 


500 




K 4 


60 


42 


Presses only. 


500 




115 


60 


48 




500 



309 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 




Third Class Baling Presses, 

The above cut represents our Third Class Baling Press. 
The head, follower, and bed beams are made from selected 
timber, finished in varnish on the natural wood. The work- 
ing parts are of the same quality as those used on our First 
Class Presses. While these presses are not so powerful as 
the all iron presses of the same size, they have the merit of 
being somewhat less expensive, and where light pressures 
only are desired, they make a very good substitute. 

Dimensions, Etc. 





Distance 


Distance 


Piling 


Move- 




No. of 


Between 


Across 


Room for 


ment of 


Tons 


Press. 


Rods. 


Bed. 


Goods. 


Follower. 


Pressure. 




Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 


Inches. 




391 


42 


24 


55 


29 


70 


392 


48 


24 


55 


29 


70 


393 


54 


24 


55 


29 


70 


395 


42 


24 


65 


37 


70 


396 


48 


24 


65 


37 


70 


397 


54 


24 


65 


37 


70 


39« 


60 


28 


65 


37 


70 


401 


42 


24 


73 


44 


70 


402 


4» 


24 


73 


44 


70 


403 


54 


28 


73 


44 


70 


404 


60 


28 


73 


44 


70 


405 


66 


28 


73 


44 


70 


415 


42 


24 


73 


44 


100 


416 


48 


24 


73 


44 


TOO 


417 


54 


24 


73 


44 


IOO 


418 


60 


28 


73 


44 


100 


419 


66 


28 


73 


44 


100 


420 


72 


28 


73 


44 


IOO 


422 


48 


30 


73 


44 


150 


423 


54 


30 


73 


44 


150 


424 


60 


3° 


73 


44 


150 



310 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 




Combined Cloth and Yarn Presses. 



The above cut shows a Third Class Press designed for 
baling yarn, cotton waste, etc., and which can also be utilized 
for baling cloth. This press is especially adapted for mills 
making both cloth and yarn. The baling box can be opened 
entirely out of the way, leaving the press available for baling 
cloth. 

Instead of the baling box swinging open, we can make a 
less expensive box of which the sides and ends drop. Of 
course, it is not so convenient, however, as the other type. 



Dimensions, Etc. 





a 


a 


a 


a 


a 


, 














V 






05 

1* 

Cu 



m « 


«8 


03 C/J 

w 1) 


rt "i3 .A 

■3^ a 
g° 3 




to 

S ^ 


m 

V 






"3 <-> 




01 






J3 c 


„ a 


— a 


" " 


Hoi 


E£ 








JI- 










fc 


M 

c 

V 


TS 


"<u 




3 


> 







353 


24 


24 


20 tO 24 


220 tO 270 


48 


44 


70 


354 


24 


36 


18 to 26 


300 to 425 


54 


44 


70 


355 


24 


36 


18 to 26 


325 to 450 


54 


44 


100 


356 


24 


42 


20 tO 26 


375 to 500 


60 


44 


100 


3S7 


24 


48 


24 to 30 


500 to 675 


66 


44 


100 


358 


30 


3° 


30 to 36 


500 to 625 


54 


44 


100 


359 


30 


36 


30 to 36 


600 to 725 


60 


44 


100 


360 


30 


42 


34 to 40 


800 to 950 


66 


44 


150 



311 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 



Power Attachments. 

Two classes of attachments are furnished with these 
presses. 

Each has three pulleys, one fast and two loose, requiring 
two belts, one to run the press up, the other to run it down. 

Ordinarily a driving chain is used to connect the power 
attachment to the press ; when very rapid work is required 
of light pressure presses, a belt and pulleys can be substi- 
tuted for chain and sprocket gears. 

The No. 2 power attachment is similar to the No. i, except 
it has in addition gears and an extra shaft for increasing the 
power of the press for heavy work. This attachment is used 
without gears for driving presses style M, No. 37 to 59 inclu- 
sive ; and with gears for driving presses No. 81 to 115 inclu- 
sive. 

Size of Pulleys on Power Attachments are as follows: 





p 














■v 










.; u 


V 


Size of 


Pulleys. 


<V 




<8 5 


p 










of Pr 
Press 


c 

V 

E 






c " 


Style of Press. 






.2 3 




V m 


43 


No. 1 


No. 2 


oS 




3) £ 


2 


Attach. 


Attach. 


> 

01 










Pi 




'"-' 


< 








First Class, Cloth 


75 


No. 1 


\ <v u 


\ OJ u 


200 


First Class, Cloth 


100, 150 & 200 


No. 1 


Z«z 


"^ 


250 


First Class, Cloth 
First Class, Cloth 


2<j0 

400 & 500 


No. 2 
No. 2 


10 2 2 


-2! 


225 
300 


Third Class, Cloth 


70 


No. 1 


'■QZ'Q 


>>2t3 


200 


Third Class, Cloth 


100 & 150 


No. 1 


— VTv " 




250 


Cloth & Yarn, Combined 


70 


No. 1 


3 S\ \" 


3 2\ N - 

A "v "Kb 


200 


Cloth & Yarn, Combined 


100 & 150 


No. 1 


250 



In the Diagrams on the following page : 

H=Piling Room for Goods. 

L=Distance between Rods. 

W=Distance across Bed. 

The above lettered dimensions representing height, length 
and width available for use in these presses, can readily be 
taken from the foregoing tables pertaining to the different 
styles. 



3*2 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 




COs g> 



3T3 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Bushnell Presses, Continued. 




Hand Baling Press for Waste. 

This press is specially designed for handling cotton waste, 
and can be located in either the waste house or the cotton 
warehouse, for no power is required to operate it. It makes 
a neat, firm bale, that is much more conveniently handled 
than waste in sacks would be. 

It is made in two grades : 

The *« Common " grade is made with hard wood posts, sills 
sills, beams, follower, and levers. The 24" x 48" is the size 
of this press most frequently used. 

The «« Special " style of this press is made of hard lumber, 
with heavier posts, follower, beam, and levers, and with new 
pattern and heavier racks and forgings. The sizes usually 
sold of this are 24" x 48", 24" x 54", and 30" x 60". 



3H 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Bushnell Presses, Concluded. 



Hand Presses. 



Dimensions and Floor Space. 

24x48 inch Common Press is 5 ft. 4 in. x 3 ft. 8 in. 
24x54 inch Common Press is 5 ft. 10 in. x 3 ft. 8 in. 
24x54 inch Special Press is 6 ft. x 3 ft. 10 in. 

Height of press usually 9 ft. 

If wanted for low studded room, give height desired when 
ordering. 

Usual height of sides is 4 feet 3 inches — can be made 5 feet 
to 6 feet if desired. 



One person with a 24x48 inch press can make a bale 2x4 
feet, weighing about 500 pounds. 



Standard Sizes. 



COMMON. 


SPECIAL. 


Size in inches. 


c 


ize in inches. 


21 x 36 
21 x 42 
21 x 48 


24 x 42 

24 x 48 

24 X54 


27 x 48 

27x54 
30 X48 


24 x 48 
24 x 54 
24 x 60 


27 x 48 
27 X54 
27 x 60 


30 x 48 
30 x 54 
30 x 60 



315 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART "W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



LIDDELL YARN PRESS. 




This Press is known to the trade as the Daisy Yarn and 
Warp Press. It is the best known and most widely used 
screw power type of Press, and is specially adapted to the 
use of small yarn mills. 

The principle consists in the use of the tensile or pulling 
strength of the screws, the ratio of which to the pushing 
strength is as 34 to 16. 

The pulley can be driven from the main shaft, the Press 
being moved up or down, or allowed to run idle by means of 
a direct and positive clutch arrangement, which has been 
successfully tested on all our Presses. When it is desired 
to use the Open Press, the doors and box can be easily re- 
moved without disturbing the other parts and extra platens 
are furnished for the open bales. 



316 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. G 



Liddell Yarn Press, Concluded. 



U 






ri J ■ 



I 



k 



4-1Di 






Floor Plan. 



Specifications of Yarn and Warp Press. 

Height over all in feet, g}4 

Depth of Box in feet, 4^ 

Length of Box in feet, 3 

Width of Box in feet, 2 

Size of Pulley in inches 20x6 

Usual number of revolutions of Pulley 200 

Weight in pounds, about 2500 



317 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Preface to Sections IL, IIL, and IV. 



The preceding pages cover the textile machinery ordi- 
narily installed in a yarn or cloth mill on plain work. 

The additional machinery required for dyeing and special 
finishing will be found in Section HI. 

Section II. includes sundry and miscellaneous equipment 
and power plants. 

Section IV. contains general technical and miscellaneous 
information, with notes on Cotton Manufacturing, Mill 
Engineering, etc. 



3^8 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



APPENDIX 

and 

Table of Contents. 



318 a 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 




The Whitin Silk: Loom. 
This loom is designed for weaving fine cotton or silk dress 
goods. It is fitted with a horizontal dobby of 36 harness 
capacity, Owen beam lock,- Bartlett let-off, Draper thick and 
thin place preventor, and Owen high cloth roll motion with 
direct wind. 




The Whitin Dobby. 
The above cut illustrates the Whitin dobby applied to a 
Whitin loom. In ordering dobbies to fit looms already in- 
stalled, the customer should give the date the looms were 
made, if possible, and also state the pattern numbers of the 
loom sides.- Double arches have to be furnished in all cases. 



318b 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 




The Whitin Gingham Loom. 

This loom is particularly adapted for weaving ginghams, 
cottonades and plaids. It has the ordinary cam harness mo- 
tion consisting of a short auxiliary cam shaft geared to the 
main cam shaft so that two, three, four, five, or six shed 
work may be woven. 

The box motion is the well-known Crompton motion • for 
four shuttle boxes on one end of lathe and one on the other 
end. The shuttle boxes are carried positively into their 
proper positions by means of sliding gears, and eccentrics 
combined with a lifting lever, motion being imparted to the 
sliding gears by a mutilated gear operated from the main 
cam shaft. The changing of the boxes is accomplished by 
means of a connection between the sliding gears and pattern 
chain mechanism A break-down motion is provided to pre- 
vent any damage to the shuttle boxes or box motion due to a 
picker sticking or a shuttle failing to enter a box. The pat- 
tern chain mechanism is fastened to the arch and is driven 
by suitable connection with main cam shaft. A simple 
"multiplier" motion for reducing the length -of pattern 
chain may also be used in connection with the pattern chain 
motion. 

This loom may be made of various standard widths, with 
either standard or Ponemah sides, and "fitted with any let-off 
or take-up motion desired. A friction pulley is generally 
preferred for driving this loom, but tight and loose pulleys 
may be had if desired. 



318 c 



Atlanta, Ga„ STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 




The New Whitin Eight-Head Comber. 

The above cut illustrates the new Whitin eight-head 
comber. The advantages in favor of such a machine with 
eight heads instead of six, are obvious, — not to mention the 
fact that the new comber takes laps io>£" instead of 8%"'. 

Otherwise the description for the six-head comber on pages 
75-81 applies as well to the eight-head machine as to the one 
with six heads. 




Woonsocket Roving- Frames. 

(The New Center Lift.) 

The above cut illustrates the new method of driving lift- 
ing shaft. It will be noticed that instead of driving at the 
head end direct to the lifting shaft, as formerly done, the 
power is now taken from about the center of the frame, 
therefore balancing the strain on the lifting shaft. 



3 i8d 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 




Foster Close Winder* 

The above cut illustrates the new Foster Close Winder.* 
The Foster people advocate close winders only for certain 
classes of work, maintaining that the majority of the hosiery 
yarn trade prefers the open wind for the soft yarns they use. 

Attachments can be applied to the above machine to wind 
any length of cone from \" to 6 // traverse ; the 2*4" traverse 
machines have two tubes on one spindle, and the 2" traverse 
have three tubes on one spindle. 

The driving pulley is 8" diameter by 1" face, making 500 revolutions per 
minute. 



a ,■-, 


c 


,-, 


: 


--=£ 




c 


) 




3 


3 r -. 


c c 


) . 


O 


-=* 




=E 




:=C 




:: 


-=C 




:=£ 











































i L ,- 














-. 


S& 






6=* 






6== 








En* 






B== 





The above diagram shows the floor space required for one gang of six 
spindles ; these machines are both constructed and shipped in gangs of six 
spindles ; they are, however, so constructed that there can be any number of 
gauss to one frame, all being driven from the head by one driving pulley. 



3 iSe 



Atlanta, Ga., STUART W. CRAMER, Charlotte, N. C. 



Table of contents. 

Volume I, 



Section I. 

Announcement v. 

Preface vi-vii. 

Summary of Contents, Volumes I., II., and II! viii. 

Kitson Picking Machinery 10- 45 

Whitin Revolving Flat Cards 46- 66 

Whitin Combing Machinery 67- 81 

See also Appendix. 

Whitin Railway Heads 82-87 

Whitin Drawing Frames 88- 97 

Woonsocket Slubbing, Intermediate, Roving and Jack Frames 98-T25 

Whitin Gravity Spindles 126-130 

Whitin Ring Spinning Frames I3i -I 55 

Mule Production Tables , 156-157 

Draper's Table Breaking Strength of Yarns 158 

Makepeace's Table Breaking Strength of Yarns.'. 159 

Whitin Spoolers 160-164 

Whitin Wet and Dry Twisters 165-181 

Weeks Banding Machine 182 

Cole Automatic Banding Machine , 183 

Whitin Reels 184-190 

Universal Winders " 191-199 

Foster Winders 200-203 

See also Appendix. 

Franklin Ball Winders 204-205 

Whitin Long Chain Qu illers 206-209 

Entwistle Warpers and Beamers 210-219 

Textile-Finishing Machinery Co.'s Slashing and Sizing Machinery. 220-229 

Slasher Ventilating Outfits See Volume III. 

Drawing-in Frames 230 

Whitin Looms 231-263 

Whitin Dobbies 238-239 

See also - Appendix. 

Northrop Loom 264-271 . 

Curtis & Marble Cloth Room and Finishing Machinery 272-302 

Maxim Gas Machines 3°3 _ 3°5 

Bushnell Presses 306-315 

Liddell Yarn Presses S 16 ^ 1 ? 

Appendix. 

Whitin Silk Loom 318b 

Whitin Dobby Applied to Whitin Loom 318b 

Whitin Gingham Loom • 318c 

Whitin 8-Head Comber 3i§d 

Woonsocket " Center Lift," 3i8d 

Foster Close Winder 3i8e 



AUG 



i'Uli 



3 i8f 



